Pinus pinea: Stone PinePinus pinea: Stone Pine 2 Description Height: 35 to 60 feet Spread: 35 to 45...
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ENH-631 Pinus pinea: Stone Pine 1 Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson 2 1. This document is ENH-631, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date November 1993. Revised December 2006. Reviewed February 2014. Visit the EDIS website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu. 2. Edward F. Gilman, professor, Environmental Horticulture Department; and Dennis G. Watson, former associate professor, Agricultural Engineering Department, UF/IFAS Extension, Gainesville FL 32611. The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. For more information on obtaining other UF/IFAS Extension publications, contact your county’s UF/IFAS Extension office. U.S. Department of Agriculture, UF/IFAS Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A & M University Cooperative Extension Program, and Boards of County Commissioners Cooperating. Nick T. Place, dean for UF/IFAS Extension. Introduction Just as its name implies, umbrella pine has a broad, some- what flattened round canopy, and the tree will ultimately reach 80 to 100 feet in height though it is more oſten seen at 35 to 45 feet tall and wide. e bright green, stiff, six-inch- long needles are arranged in slightly twisted bundles, and are joined by the heavy, five to six-inch-long cones which remain tightly closed on the tree for three years. e trunk is showy with narrow, foot-long orange plates set off nicely by darker fissures. General Information Scientific name: Pinus pinea Pronunciation: PIE-nus pie-NEE-uh Common name(s): Stone pine, Italian stone pine, umbrella pine Family: Pinaceae USDA hardiness zones: 7A through 11 (Fig. 2) Origin: not native to North America Invasive potential: little invasive potential Uses: fruit; screen; shade; specimen; parking lot island < 100 sq ſt; parking lot island 100-200 sq ſt; parking lot island > 200 sq ſt; sidewalk cutout (tree pit); tree lawn 3-4 feet wide; tree lawn 4-6 feet wide; tree lawn > 6 ſt wide; highway median; bonsai Availability: somewhat available, may have to go out of the region to find the tree Figure 1. Mature Pinus pinea: Stone Pine Credits: Ed Gilman, UF/IFAS Figure 2. Range
Transcript of Pinus pinea: Stone PinePinus pinea: Stone Pine 2 Description Height: 35 to 60 feet Spread: 35 to 45...
ENH-631
Pinus pinea: Stone Pine1
Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson2
1. This document is ENH-631, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date November 1993. Revised December 2006. Reviewed February 2014. Visit the EDIS website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu.
2. Edward F. Gilman, professor, Environmental Horticulture Department; and Dennis G. Watson, former associate professor, Agricultural Engineering Department, UF/IFAS Extension, Gainesville FL 32611.
The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) is an Equal Opportunity Institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. For more information on obtaining other UF/IFAS Extension publications, contact your county’s UF/IFAS Extension office.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, UF/IFAS Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A & M University Cooperative Extension Program, and Boards of County Commissioners Cooperating. Nick T. Place, dean for UF/IFAS Extension.
IntroductionJust as its name implies, umbrella pine has a broad, some-what flattened round canopy, and the tree will ultimately reach 80 to 100 feet in height though it is more often seen at 35 to 45 feet tall and wide. The bright green, stiff, six-inch-long needles are arranged in slightly twisted bundles, and are joined by the heavy, five to six-inch-long cones which remain tightly closed on the tree for three years. The trunk is showy with narrow, foot-long orange plates set off nicely by darker fissures.
General InformationScientific name: Pinus pineaPronunciation: PIE-nus pie-NEE-uhCommon name(s): Stone pine, Italian stone pine, umbrella pineFamily: PinaceaeUSDA hardiness zones: 7A through 11 (Fig. 2)Origin: not native to North AmericaInvasive potential: little invasive potentialUses: fruit; screen; shade; specimen; parking lot island < 100 sq ft; parking lot island 100-200 sq ft; parking lot island > 200 sq ft; sidewalk cutout (tree pit); tree lawn 3-4 feet wide; tree lawn 4-6 feet wide; tree lawn > 6 ft wide; highway median; bonsaiAvailability: somewhat available, may have to go out of the region to find the tree
Figure 1. Mature Pinus pinea: Stone PineCredits: Ed Gilman, UF/IFAS
Figure 2. Range
2Pinus pinea: Stone Pine
DescriptionHeight: 35 to 60 feetSpread: 35 to 45 feetCrown uniformity: symmetricalCrown shape: vase, roundCrown density: denseGrowth rate: moderateTexture: fine
FoliageLeaf arrangement: alternate (Fig. 3)Leaf type: simpleLeaf margin: entireLeaf shape: needle-like (filiform)Leaf venation: parallelLeaf type and persistence: needled evergreen, evergreen, fragrantLeaf blade length: 2 to 4 inchesLeaf color: greenFall color: no color changeFall characteristic: not showy
FlowerFlower color: yellowFlower characteristics: not showy
FruitFruit shape: oval, round, coneFruit length: 1 to 3 inchesFruit covering: dry or hardFruit color: brownFruit characteristics: does not attract wildlife; showy; fruit/leaves a litter problem
Trunk and BranchesTrunk/bark/branches: branches don’t droop; showy; typically one trunk; thornsPruning requirement: little required
Breakage: resistantCurrent year twig color: brownCurrent year twig thickness: thickWood specific gravity: unknown
CultureLight requirement: full sunSoil tolerances: clay; sand; loam; acidic; slightly alkaline; well-drainedDrought tolerance: highAerosol salt tolerance: high
OtherRoots: not a problemWinter interest: noOutstanding tree: noOzone sensitivity: unknownVerticillium wilt susceptibility: resistantPest resistance: sensitive to pests/diseases
Use and ManagementIt is the seeds inside the cones which are of particular inter-est, called pignolia or pine nuts in the stores. The closed cones are gathered, then laid out in the direct sun which forces them to open so the seeds can be harvested. Eaten raw or roasted like peanuts, pignolia nuts are a traditional ingredient of certain Italian dishes. In fact, the tree is native to southwest Europe around the Mediterranean to Greece and Asia Minor, and remains of the cones have been discovered in Roman camps in Britain attesting to their long-time popularity.
Umbrella pine has not been extensively tried as a street tree except in parts on California where it has done well, but has the attributes of an urban tolerant tree. Drought and salt tolerance is high making it suited for areas such as western Texas and Olkahoma. Grows well in soil with a pH in the mid 7’s or lower, but may do poorly with higher pH. Umbrella pine should be grown in full sun on well-drained soil. Winter winds and low temperature in USDA hardiness zone 7a cause needles to brown and they remain unsightly all winter.
Propagation is by seed.
PestsThere are a a large number of pests on pine.
DiseasesThis tree is usually disease-free.
Figure 3. Foliage
