Pingree and Lippincott - Ibn Al-Hatim on the Talismans of the Lunar Mansions [EArticle - 1 PDF]

8/10/2019 Pingree and Lippincott - Ibn Al-Hatim on the Talismans of the Lunar Mansions [EArticle - 1 PDF]

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KRISTEN LIPPINCOTT

AND

DAVID PINGREE

The

purpose

of this

paper

is

to edit the

Latin version

of the first

work in

the

manuscript,

the

De

imaginibus

aelestibus,

nd

to

supply

an

English

translation of the

Arabic

text

upon

which

Guglielmo's

Latin translation

is based.

The

De

imaginibus

caelestibus s

closely

related

to

the

thirteenth-century

Spanish

version

of

Lasymagenes

de las

veynt

& ocho

mansionesde la Luna5 ascribed to 'Plinio'.6 The Latin translation of the Spanish text was

appended

to the Latin Picatrix as

IV, ix,

29-56,

under

which

guise

it was well known

in

Northern

Italy

when

Guglielmo

translated

Ibn

al-Hatim's

version.7

Nothing

is

known about the author

of the

De

imaginibus

caelestibus,

Ibn

al-IHatim,

beyond

Guglielmo's

statement

made

in

the

canons

to

his

book on

eclipses,8

that

he

observed

a

solar

eclipse

in

Spain

on the

morning

of

19 July 939:

Sciendum

tamen est

quod

quandoque

contingit

Solem deficere

in una urbe et non

deficiet

in alia

illa eadem

hora,

ut

ab Ali

ibn

il

Haytim

ponitur

Solem defecisse

in

Andolos

post

duas

horas diei

quinti

ebdomadq

mense

Ramdan anno

vicesimo

septimo

Agarenorum.

Et hec eadem defectio

visa

est

in

Mecha eadem die eiusdem

mensis

paulo

ante occasum

Solis.

Et huius veritas scientibus

et

non scientibus

patuit.

I9 July 939

was 28

Ramad-an

327

AH,

a

Friday

(day

5

until

noon).

The

eclipse

was

visible

in

Spain

and

Italy.

By

contrast the life and career

of

Guglielmo

Raimondo de

Moncada

is well

documented.

In

the introduction

to

his translation

of the De

imaginibus

caelestibus,

Guglielmo

describes

a

golden

lion talisman

made

by

his

father,

Rabi Nissim

Abu

il

Faragh.9

Nissim

Abu

al-Faraj

was

a

Jewish

scholar

from

Sicily.

His

only

two

extant

works,

both

in

Hebrew,

are an astronomical

treatise

and

a

lapidary.10

Guglielmo

was

born

in

Agrigento

in

the

mid-I45os.11

He took

the

name of

his

godfather,

Guglielmo

Raimondo V

Moncada,

Count

of

Adern6,12

when

he converted

to

Christianity

at the

age

of fourteen.

Arriving

in

Rome about

1477,

the

young

scholar

attracted

the attention

of

Giambattista

Cibo,

Bishop

of

Molfetta. Under

Cibo's

sponsorship,

Guglielmo

delivered

his

lengthy

Sermode

passione

Domini

in St

Peter's

before

Pope

Sixtus

IV

on Good

Friday,

20

April

I48I.

The

multi-lingual

sermon,

which included

phrases

in

Greek,

Hebrew,

'Chaldean' and some

Arabic

passages

from

the

Qur'an,

mpressed

the

Pope,

who rewarded

Guglielmo

with the

position

of Prior

of the Cathedral

of

Cefalui.

In

1482 Guglielmo

was

reading theology

at the

Archiginnasio.

During

this time

he

also

seems

to have been

employed

cataloguing

the

Vatican

Library's

collection

of Arabic

and

Hebrew manu-

scripts.13

In

1483,

however,

some

mysterious

incident

caused

him

to

flee from Rome.

5

The

text

appears

on fols I8v-2Ir

of

the

Alphonsine

Steinschneider,

Die

hebrdischen

Ubersetzungen

es

Mittel-

manuscript,

Vat.

Reg.

lat.

I283.

See below

for

a

alters

und

dieJuden

als

Dolmetscher,

erlin

1893,

p.

599.

discussion of

the similarities between

the illustrations

11

For

the

early

life

of

Guglielmo

see

Starrabba's

article

found

in the two

manuscripts.

(as

in

n.

i)

and U.

Cassuto,

'Wer

war der

Orientalist

6

See

D.

Pingree,

'Between

the

Ghaya

and

the

Mithridates?',

Zeitschrift

ur

die Geschichte

der

Juden

in

Picatrix. i. The

Spanish

Version',

this

Journal,

XLIV,

Deutschland,

,

I934,

pp.

230-36.

i98I,

pp.

27-56.

12

On the Count's

highly

successful

career

under

7

Ed.

D.

Pingree,

Picatrix:

The Latin

Version,

tudies

of

Alfonso

V of

Aragon

see

A.

Ryder,

The

Kingdom

f Naples

the

Warburg

Institute,

xxxix,

London

1986.

under

Alfonso

the

Magnanimous,

Oxford

1976,

pp.

63-64.

8

Urb.

lat.

1384,

fol.

43V.

13

See

G.

Levi

della

Vida,

Ricerche

ulla

formazione...,

9

Urb.

lat.

1384,

fol.

3rb.

pp.

94-95.

10

These

works

are

uniquely preserved

in a

manuscript

in

Rome,

Biblioteca

Casanatense,

Hebr.

202. See

M.

58


3/28

Guglielmo

travelled

north,

matriculating

at

Cologne

in

1484.

His Latin translation

of

the

Sententiae

septem

apientum

et

Pythagorae

was

printed

there on

24

March

I485.14

He

went

on

to

Louvain

(where

Rudolph Agricola

heard

him

lecture),

and to

Tiibingen

and

Basle,

before

returning

to

Italy

in

late

1485

or

early

1486.

Between

1486

and

early 489

he was

in

Florence,

associated

with Pico

della

Mirandola.15

Guglielmo taught

Pico both Hebrew

and 'Chaldean' and

also

translated

a number of Hebrew texts

for

him,

providing

commentaries for some.

Among

these

are a number

of

works

on the

Cabbala,16

Levi

ben

Gerson's

Commentary

n

the

Canticles,

Maimonides's De resurrectione

mortuorum,

he

Porta

iusticie,

and a

Commentary

n

Job.17

Unfortunately,

however,

the

relationship

between

Guglielmo

and

Pico

seems

always

to

have been somewhat

tempestuous

and the

two

parted

on

bad terms.

There is

a letter

from

Pico's

secretary

to

Lorenzo

de' Medici

soliciting

his intercession to ensure

the

return

of

some

of Pico's books

Guglielmo

had

borrowed. The events

of

the

succeeding

years

of

Guglielmo's

career and the

date

of

his

death

are unknown.

Most

likely,

Urb.

lat.

1384

was

produced

for the ducal

Library

of Federico

da

Montefeltro between

1480

and

I481.

The manuscript certainly predates Cibo's elevation

to the

papacy

in

1484,

since he is referred to as 'Cardinalis

Melfitensis'

on fol.

Ira

of

the

preface

to

Guglielmo's

translation of the De

imaginibus

caelestibus. It

probably predates

Federico da

Montefeltro's death

in

I482.

The

fact

that

Guglielmo

nowhere refers to

himself

as

Flavius

Mithridates

in

the

text

and

prefaces

of

the

manuscript

also

suggests

that Urb.

lat.

1384

was

completed

before

148I.18

In

addition,

it

was

only

during

Guglielmo's

Roman

period, roughly

from

I477

until

I483,

that he is

known

to have

worked with Arabic

materials

such

as are

prereserved

n

our

manuscript.

In

the

North,

he

worked

primarily

on

Greek and Hebrew translations. After his return

to

Italy

in

1485

or

1486,

his

studies were limited to

Hebrew,

'Chaldean' and Latin.

14

Ludwig

Hain,

Repertorium Bibliographicum

..

.,

2

vols,

Stuttgart 1826-38,

I4681.

See

also

E.

Voulli6me,

Der

Buchdruck

Kolns bis zum Ende

des

iinfzehnten

ahrhunderts,

Bonn

I903,

p.

164,

no.

370.

The

manuscript

original

is

Vat.

Chigi

E. Iv.

123.

For

his

collection

of

the letters of

Brutus,

see Marci

Junii

Bruti

Epistolae

a Mithridate

collectae,

nuper

a

Juliano Scarpa

de

Graeco n Latinum

versae,

Venice

1570.

15

See

U.

Cassuto,

Gli Ebrei a

Firenze

nell'eta del

Rinascimento,

lorence

1918,

pp.

299-300;

P.

Kibre,

The

Library

of

Pico

della

Mirandola,

New York

1936,

pp.

38

and

174;

G. Mercati, Codici atiniPico GrimaniPio e di altre

biblioteche

gnote

del secoloXVI esistentinell'Ottoboniana

i

codici

greci

Pio

da

Modena

con una

digressione

er

la

storia dei

codici di

S.

Pietro in

Vaticano,

Studi e testi

LXXV,

Vatican

City

1938,

pp.

I

I-8,

23

and

267;

K.

Dannenfeldt,

'The

Renaissance

Humanists

and their

Knowledge

of

Arabic',

Studies

in the

Renaissance,

I,

I955,

pp.

96-117;

P. 0.

Kristeller,

'Giovanni Pico and his

Sources',

in

L'opera

e il

pensiero

di

GiovanniPico della Mirandola nella

storia

dell'umanesimo,

lorence

1975,

I,

pp.

35-142.

16

See

F.

Secret,

'Nouvelles

pr6cisions

sur

Flavius

Mithridates

maitre de Pic de la

Mirandole et traducteur

de

commentaires de

Kabbale',

in

L'opera

e il

pensiero

di

Giovanni Pico

della Mirandola

nella storia

dell'umanesimo,

Florence

I975,

ii,

pp.

I69-87;

and C.

Wirszubski,

'Giovanni

Pico's

Companion

to

Kabbalistic

Symbol-

ism',

in

Studies in

Mysticism

and

Religion presented

to

Gersham

G.

Scholem,Jerusalem 1967,

pp.

353-62.

See

also

Vat. ebr.

189,

I90

and

9

1.

17

See C.

Wirszubski,

'Giovanni

Pico's Book

of

Job',

this

Journal,

xxxII,

1969,

pp.

17-99.

18

Guglielmo's

pseudonym,

Flavius

Mithridates,

seems

to have

been

acquired

in two

stages.

The name

Flavius,

most

likely

a

reference to

the

Jewish

historian Flavius

Josephus

indicating

Guglielmo's

recognition

of his own

Jewish

ancestry,

appears

not to have

been used

prior

to

1481.

The

name

Mithridates,

alluding

to

Mithridates

IX

Eupator

who

was

famous

for his

penetrating

intellect

and

mastery

of

twenty-two

languages,

cannot be

documented

before October

I484.

See

C.

Wirszubski,

Flavius

Mithridates.

..,

pp.

48-49.

Giacomo

Gherardi

refers to

Guglielmo

as

'Guglielmo

Siculus',

Konrad

Summenhart

calls

him

'Wilhelmus

Raimundi

Romanus',

Reuchlin

uses 'Raimundus

Mithridates

Romanus' and

Pico

names

him

as 'Mithri-

dates

Gulielmus.'

IBN AL-HATIM

59


4/28

KRISTEN LIPPINCOTT AND DAVID PINGREE

Finally,

Dr

A. C.

de

la

Mare has identified

the hand of the Latin

portions

of Urb.

lat.

1384

with

the

scribe

Pietro Ursuleo de

Capua.19

Ursuleo

is first

documented

in

Rome

in

1475.

He is listed

as a

copyist

for Sixtus

IV

between

1477

and

1482.

Ursuleo

had

begun

his

career as a

professional

scribe

in

Naples

in

the

mid-I44os.

By

I451,

he

was

registered

in the service of Alfonso d'Aragona as 'scriptor de la sua libreria'. He was elected Bishop

of

Satriano

in

I474

and

Archbishop

of Santa

Severina

in

1482.

The

Latin

script

of Urb.

lat.

1384

is

particularly

close to Ursuleo's

signed manuscript

of Nicolaus de

Lyra's

Expositio

in

IVEvangelia,20

upon

which

he describes

himself

as

working

day

and

night

from

15

September

I48I

to

IoJanuary

I482.

The

stylistic

similarities between

the

script

of

these two

manuscripts

support

the

dating

of

Urb.

lat.

1384

to

1480

or

148I

.21

The illustrations of the talismans

in Urb. lat.

I384

were

completed

concurrently

with

the

writing

of

the text.

It

is

probable

that

the Arabic

passages

established

the format

of

each

page.

In

several

instances,

individual

letters

in

the

Latin

text

have been

abnormally

elongated,

taking up

more

space

in

order

to

keep

the two texts

parallel

throughout

the

manuscript.

The illustrations were

inserted;

after

which,

each

picture

was labelled

with

its Arabic nomenvirtutis

following

the

stipulations

outlined in the

accompanying

text.

Stornajolo's

suggestion

that the

miniatures

in

Urb. lat.

1384

are Ferrarese22 seems

based on an

examination of the

frontispiece

(fol.

Ir)

alone. The

decoration

on

this

page

is

stylistically

distinct

from

the other

illuminations

in the

manuscript.

It is

busy

and

cramped.

The

two

shield-bearing putti

at

the

bottom

of

the

page

are

squat

and solid. The

illustrations

accompanying

the

text,

however,

are

remarkably

fine. The

figures

are

elegantly

drawn and

proportioned.

The

disparity

between

the

two

styles

suggests

that the

manuscript

was illuminated

in

two distinct

phases.

The

illustrations

accompanying

the

text

appear

to have been

completed

in

Rome,

perhaps

by

a Florentine miniaturist.

The

illuminations on the

title-page

and

opening

folio

were

added

later,

perhaps

in

Urbino,

by

a

Ferrarese-trained

artist.

Iconographically,

the

talismans

in

Urb.

lat.

I384

are

quite

close to the illustration

accompanying

the

Alphonsine,

Spanish

version

of the

text,23

in

which a

rabbit-riding

Luna is shown

at

the centre

of

a

roundel

containing

the

talismans for her

twenty-eight

mansions

(P1. I6b).

The

differences

between the two sets

reflect variants

in

the

respective

texts.24 The format

of

the

Urb. lat.

1384

illustrations,

pictograms

set within

circular

19

Concerning

Ursuleo,

see

T.

de

Marinis,

La Biblioteca

napoletana

ei

Re

d'Aragona,

Milan

I952,

I,

pp.

16-I9

and

I

(i947), pp.

66,

139

and

142,

and

pls

207, 213,

and

298

B.

For

an

additional

listing

of his

manuscripts,

see

A.

Derolez,

Codicologie

des

manuscrits n

ecriture

humanis-

tique urparchemin,Turnhout 1984, I, p. 157.

20

For a

reproduction

of the

colophon

of this

manu-

script

(Vat.

lat.

I67),

see de

Marinis,

Biblioteca

napoletana,

,

p.

i8.

21

Ursuleo

also

copied

Panormita's

De

dictis

et

factis

Alphonsi regis

for

Federico

da

Montefeltro

(Urb.

lat.

i

85;

signed

'P.

Ursuleus',

on

fol.

Ioo).

See

de

Marinis,

Biblioteca

napoletana,

I,

p.

I8;

Derolez,

Codico-

logie

(as

in n.

I9),

II,

p.

I38;

and

Stornajolo,

Codices

Urbinates

atini,

III,

p.

I95.

22

Codices

Urbinates

atini, III,

p.

298.

23

See

p.

58

above.

The illustration

appears

on

fol.

21r.

Saxl,

in the

only

discussion

of the

astrological

iconography

of

Urb. lat.

1384,

was

incorrect

in his

identification of the talisman

for the

frons

et

cor leonis

(fol. 7r)

as 'the

sign

of the

Lion'.

See

F.

Saxl,

'Revival of

Late

Antique

Astrology',

in

Lectures,London,

I957,

I,

pp.

73-84,

esp. p.

8i.

24

See

pp.

73-75

below. The

pictorial

differences

are as

follows:

The

Urb.

lat.

1384

cor leonis talisman is

a

rampant

lion

wearing

a

hairy

cloth

and

carrying

a

sword;

in

Reg.

lat.

1283

it

is

a

man

wearing

an animal

skin

and

carrying

a

spear;

the Urb.

lat.

1384

cauda

arietis

female is

standing,

and

in

the

Alfonsine

manuscript

she

is

seated;

the oculus tauri horned

man

in

Urb. lat.

1384

appears

riding

a horse and

carrying

a snake

in

Reg.

lat.

1283;

the

Urb.

lat.

1384

cilia leonisholds one

hand over

his

eyes,

in

Reg.

lat.

1283

he holds both

hands over

his

eyes;

the

virgo

talisman has lost

all but one of her

friends

in

the

Spanish

version;

the telo talisman bites

his tail

instead

of

his

paw

in

Reg.

lat.

1283.

The

ordering

of the

talismans between

the

cor

6o


5/28

IBN

AL-HATIM

6I

frames,

recalls

the talismans

depicted

in the Second and

Third

Lapidarii

f Alfonso

X

el

Sabio.25

Although

each

of

the three sets

represents

a

separate

tradition,

the

iconographi-

cal

constant of

the

circular

frame is worth

noting.

Beyond

this

similarity,

however,

there

is

very

little evidence of contamination

from

other

astral-mythological

manuscripts

in

Urb.

lat. I384. It is possible that the image for caudaarietis,a woman holding her right hand to

her

head

(fol.

8r),

is related to

representations

of the second decan

of

Aries.26

Also,

there

may

be a

connection

between the talisman

for

umbilicus

eonis

(fol.

I3v)

and

the

Johannes

Angelus

lion-riding

man

representing

a native

born under the first

decan of

Leo.27

The

lack

of

iconographic overlap

between Urb. lat.

384

and

other

astrological

manuscripts

suggests

that an

illustrated

version ofIbn

al-Hatim's

De

imaginibus

aelestibuswas

nearly

as

rare

during

the

Middle

Ages

and

the Renaissance

as it is

today.

II. TRANSLATION

OF

THE

ARABIC

TEXT

(This is a verbum d verbumranslation. The spelling of transliteratednames follows the

indications of

the

Arabic

MS

as

closely

as

possible.

Round

brackets

enclose

additions

by

the

translator for the

sake of

clarity;

pointed

brackets

signify

words

mistakenly

omitted

from

the

Arabic.)

[3va]

In

the name

of

God,

the

merciful and the

compassionate.

Abu

'A1 ibn al-Hasan

ibn

al-Hatam

says:

You

should

know that

God

the

exalted

-

blessed

be

His

name

-

placed

the

Sun

among

the

six

planets,

three

above it

and three below

it.

From

among

the three

which

are above

it is

the

Killer,

whose name

is

Saturn;

it

is

traversing

a

zodiacal

sign

in

thirty

months

and

traversing

the

sky

in

thirty years

approximately.

He

created under

itJupiter;

it

traverses a

zodiacal

sign

in a

year

and

traverses the

sphere

in

twelve

years.

Its

name

[4rb]

is

al-Burjisah.

He

created

underJupiter

the

Red

One,

which

He

called

Mars;

it

traverses

a

zodiacal

sign in forty-five days and the sphere in eighteen months approximately. Below it is the Sun: it

traverses a

zodiacal

sign

in a

month and

the

sphere

in a

year.

Lower than

the Sun

is

Venus,

whose

name

is

Barhif;

t

traverses

a

zodiacal

sign

in

twenty-five

days

and

the

sphere

in ten

months.

Lower

than

it is

the

Scribe

whose name

is

Mercury;

t

traversesa zodiacal

sign

in

eight days

and the

sphere

scorpionis

and

optimusoptimorum

s

inconsistent. In Urb.

lat.

1384,

cor

scorpionis

s illustrated with two

scorpions,

cauda

scorpionis

is

two

women;

the text for the

next

talisman

is

missing,

but the

illustration

shows

a

nude

man with four

heads;

amans s

illustrated

with two

seated

monkeys;

prosper

iugulans

has

a

wolf and

a

lion;

and

prosper deglutienshas a lion with a dog's head and a

monkey's

body.

In

Reg.

lat.

1283,

the talismans are

illustrated as

one

standing

monkey,

one

scorpion

without

legs

or

tail,

one

woman

with

her hands over her

face,

a

centaur with

two

severed hands

floating

above

him,

a

bifrons

man,

a blank

space

and

a

dog.

The

final

difference

between the two

manuscripts

is

that

Urb. lat.

1384

shows

infusor

aquarius

posterior

as a

winged

naked

youth

holding

his

perforated

hands

up

to

his

mouth;

Reg.

lat.

1283

has

a

winged youth

holding

a

chalice.

25

See the facsimile

edition

of

Escurialensis

h.I.6

by

J.

Fernandez

Montafia,

Lapidario

del

Rey

D.

Alfonso

X.

Codice

riginal,

Madrid

I88 I. The texts

have been edited

by

Roderic

C.

Dinman and

Lynn

W.

Winget

in

Alfonso

El Sabio:

Lapidario

and

Libro de

las

formas

&

ymagenes,

Madison,

Wisconsin,

1980.

See also

Ana

Dominguez

Rodriguez,

Astrologiay

arte

en el

Lapidario

de

Alfonso

X el

Sabio,

Madrid

1984.

26

See,

for

example,

the

ilLustrations in

the

manuscripts

of Georgius Zotori Zapari Fenduli's AbridgementLiber

astrologiae)

of

Abu

Ma'shar's

Introductorium

London,

BL,

Sloane

3983,

fol.

4V;

New

York,

Pierpont Morgan

Library,

785,

fol.

4v

and

Paris, BN,

lat.

7330, 7r)

or

Ludovico

d'Angulo's

De

figura

seu

imagine

mundi

(Florence,

Biblioteca

Riccardiana

301

,

fol.

io').

27Johannes

Angelus,

Astrolabium

planum

in

tabula

ascendens,

Augsburg

1488.

For

a

discussion

of

the

contamination

of the

Astrolabium

lanum

by

images

from

the Picatrix

latinus,

see

K.

Lippincott,

'The

Frescoes of

the Salone

deiMesi in

the

Palazzo

Schifanoia

in

Ferrara.

Style,

Iconography

and Cultural

Context',

Ph.D.

thesis,

University

of

Chicago, 1987,

pp.

150-5I

and

Appendix

III.


6/28

KRISTEN LIPPINCOTT AND DAVID

PINGREE

in

three months and

twenty-six

days

approximately.

Below it

is

the

Moon;

it

traverses

a

zodiacal

sign

in

[4Va]

wo

nights

and

the.sphere

in

twenty-eight

nights.

Then it

n

twenty-eight

mansions;

and

it is

possible

that

it is created

on the thirtieth

day

or on the

twenty-ninth day

and

night,

and

on

the

thirty-first

t

appears.

the zodiacal

sign

in

which the Sun turns

is created

the

crescent. Lower than the Moon is fire, and lower than fire is air, and lower than air is water, and

lower than water

is

earth.

May

He save us.

There

is

no God but

He,

not

spiritual

and not

corporeal,

because He created

them.

[5rb]

Second

chapter.

For

the

aspects

of the zodiacal

signs

and

of

the mansions.

This is that the zodiacal

signs

aspect,

one

of them another zodiacal

sign.

The first

aspects

the

seventh zodiacal

sign:

Aries

aspects

Libra,

and

Taurus

Scorpio

and

Gemini

Sagittarius

and

Cancer

Capricorn

and Leo

Aquarius

and

Virgo

Pisces.

Similarly

the

mansions

aspect

he other

what we told

you,

that

the

sphere

rotates

in

them,

that each zodiacal

sign

aspects

the

seventh for

it

[5va]

from wherever

you begin.

If

one

rises from

the

East,

the second sets

in the West.

Similarly

are the

twenty-eight

mansions:

al-Nath

aspects

al-Ghafiar,

al-Batn

al-Zubana,

al-Thuraya

al-Ikhlil,

al-Dawbaran

al-Qalb,

al-Haqa'a al-Shiwwal, al-Han'a al-Na'a'im, al-Dhira' al-Bild, al-Nathira al-Dabih, al-Tarfa al-

Bal'a,

al-Jabh

al-Sa'd,

al-Kirath

al-Akhbiya,

al-$arfa

al-Batn

al-Huta,

al-'Awa

Farja

al-

muqadam,

al-Simaka

al-'Azal

Farj

al-mu'akhir.

Similarly

each one

[6rb]

of

the

remaining

aspects

the two sevenths

(fourteenth)

of

the

mansions

for it.

Third

chapter.

For the

judgement

of the

circles

which

proceed

along

the

zodiacal

signs.

The

Sun

is the

Amir,

and

Venus the

Wazir,

and the Scribe

the

messenger,

and

the Moon the

peerless

dancer,

and

Jupiter

the

judge,

and the

Killer

the

jailer,

and

Mars the

policeman

and

executioner.

May

God deliver

us

from

them

Amen.

Fourth

chapter

(P1.

I5a-d).

For

describing

the

figures

which rise in these mentioned mansions

[6Va]

and their

names and their stars.

I.

The

butting

(al-Nath)

is

called

al-Shartayn.

They

are two

stars;

Aries

is said to

belong

to them.

They

are

shining

and set aside.

Their

setting

is

(at)

the

beginning

of

the rains. Its

image

is

the

image

of

a

black

lion

wrapped

in

garments

of

hair;

in his hand is

a lance. He is

prepared

to

kill

enemies,

and

guards

for

demolition

and

crushing.

When

you

wish

this from

it,

you

should

shape

it

as

I

described

to

you

at its

rising.

Fumigate

it

with storax

and

wax,

and

bury

it

in the house

of the

enemy.

Its name is Haris.

2.

[7rb]

Al-Batn is

the

belly

of

Aries.

It is three

stars close

together,

small,

not

shining.

Its

image

is

a

crowned

king.

Its name is

Anakhil.

You should

shape

it from white

wax and mastic

mixed

together.

It

is for

meeting

the

king

and

everything

you

hope

for.

Fumigate

it with aloes-wood

and

sandalwood.

3.

[7va]

Al-Thuraya

is the tail of

Aries;

six stars

oined together

and one other

small one. Its

image

is a

girl

who has

put

her

right

hand

on her

head;

and she is

clothed.

Her

name is

Abulsith.

You should

shape

this

in a

ring

of silver for

the

love

of

a man and

a

woman.

You should

fumigate

it with

mastic

and

fingernail

of

perfume.

4.

[8rb]

Al-Dawran is the

eye

of Taurus.

It is a red

star with

which

are two small stars.

Its

image

is a

man

with two horns. His

name is

Iswawis.

You

should

shape

this

in red wax for

enmity

and hatred.

You

should

fumigate

it with storax.

It

should

be buried

in the house of

the one whom

you

wish;

she

will be infatuated.

5.

[8Va]

Al-Haq'a

is

the

head of

Gemini

-

three stars

small,

close

together.

The

image

is a

head

without a

body;

a

large

crown

is on

it. The

name

of its

lord is

Iqbal.

You should

shape

it

in a

ring

of

silver,

and

engrave

on

it the name of

the

king

on

the throat.

You

should

fumigate

it

[grb]

with

62


7/28

sandalwood. Then

you

should

keep

it

on

yourself.

You

will not enter

into

the

presence

of

kings

and

nobles but that

your

desire

will be satisfied

and the evil

(caused by)

your

enemy

will be

postponed.

It

is

very

noble. With it are

two

stars,

one

small and

the other

large.

6.

[9va]

Al-Han'a

is three

stars between the

two

feet of Gemini.

The

image

is two

persons

embracing.

You should shape them from white wax, and you should fumigate it with camphor and damp

aloes-wood.

The name of its lord

is Anari.

Wrap

it in a

shining

rag,

hold

it

with

you,

and

beseech it.

You

will

be

brought

to love and to medical

treatment. The

name(s)

of its

stars

are al-Zara

and

al-Mizan.

7.

[Iorb]

Al-Dhira'

is the arm of Leo.

It

is

two

stars;

one of

them is called Sha'r

al-'Abur

and

the

other

Mardham al-Dhira'. The name

'Abur

means a

lively dog;

this is because

dogs

and

persons

pounce

at its

rising.

Its

image

is

a

man

standing,

his

two hands stretched

out as

if

he were

praying.

You

should

shape

it in

the

belly

of a

ring

of

silver,

and

you

should

fumigate

it

with

wax

mixed

with

mastic or with

perfume.

It is

good

for

entering

the

presence

of

the

sultan

and for

binding

spirits

and

bodies.

You

should

engrave

[I

oa]

the name

of the

king

on

its chest.

The name

of

its lord is

Sha'-

lika ... in ne desires

among

all

its

ways

and

things.

8.

[I

Irb] (P1.

I6a)

Al-Nathira is the nose of

Leo. It

consists

of a

nebula between two

small stars.

The

image is an eagle whose face is the face of a man. Its speciality is to excel in battles, in enmities

between

men. You

should

engrave

it on lead.

He

should

keep

it

in

battle

who

wishes to be

the

victor.

The name of

its

lord is

Aqaris.

9.

[I

Ia]

Al-Tarfa

is the

edge

of the

eyelid

of Leo.

They

are two small stars. Its

image

is

a man who

has

placed

his hand over his two

eyes.

You should

shape

it

out

of

black wax.

You should

make a

small,

hot nail

and

drive

it

in

one

of

its

two

eyes.

You

should

suspend

it

at the

rising

of Mars

or

Saturn for

the wind

from its head.

You

should

engrave

its name on its

head

together

with the name of the

effective

person.

Its

speciality

is

removing ophthalmia

and disease of the

eyes

and the flow of blood.

The

name of

its

lord is

Rawyal.

If

you

do not

cauterize,

you

should

engrave

it

in

lead.

io.

[I

2a]

The

face

(al-Jibha)

and the heart

(qalb)

of

Leo

are

four

shining

stars.

The northern of

these

two

is

the heart

of

Leo.

Its

image

is

the head

of a

lion

without a

body.

The name of its lord is

Aradin.

It is for

entering

into the

presence

of

kings

and

curing

diseases and

extracting

the foetus. Whoever

engraves

this

image

on a seal of

gold

or red

copper,

and

engraves

on it the name of the

king,

and

fumigates

it

with

musk and

with walnut

every day,

and

prays

in the name

of the lord of

this

mansion,

and

keeps

it

with

him,

he will

see wonders.

But

he should

not

put

on new clothes

in

it nor

travel.

I.

[

I

3rb]

Al-Kirathin is

two

shining

stars

penetrating

to the interior

of

Leo. Its

image

is a

man

riding

a

lion;

in

his

right

hand

is a

slingshot,

and the left

is on

the ear of the lion. Its

name is

Aqlul

liqabul.

Fumigate

it with the hair of a

lion.

Shape

it

on

a seal

of

gold,

and

stamp

on

his head the

name

of

its

lord. You should

pray

in his name that

you

will

see because

of him

whatever

you

wish in

.

[

I

3va]

you

desire

will

be

satisfying

in

the view of men

and

in

the

view

of

all

creatures.

I2.

[I4rb]

Al-Sarfa is

the

tail of

Leo.

It

is

a star whose name

is al-Sarfa because of the

departure

of

warmth

at

its

rising

and the

departure

of cold

at

its

setting.

Its

image

is a snake

fighting

with

a

man.

You should shape it out of wax or on a plate of lead. Fumigate it with asafoetida,and engrave the

name of

its

lord on the head

of

the snake.

Bury

it in

the house of

whatever kinsfolk

you

wish

or

enemies. Then

those

two

will

be

separated,

and

there

will arise

between them

[I4va] enmity

and

hatred,

and the

place

will be

destroyed.

The name

of its lord is Adhbisha.

I3.

[I5rb]

Al-'Awwa is five stars

as

if

an alif

with

the

tail

chopped

off and

is

among

the

image of

Virgo.

Its

image

is

a

man

spread

out

opposite

a woman.

You should

shape

him

out of

red

wax and

the woman

out

of

white

wax. The name of its

lord is Asarub.

Fumigate

it

with

aloes-wood and

amber,

and

wrap

them

both

in a red

rag

for

love and the excitation of

sexual intercourse.

One

of

the

stars is

inclined

to

the

West while the other four are

straight

in

(their)

intersection.

I4.

[

5va]

Al-Samaka is

two stars one of which is al-A'zal and the

other

al-Rimah.

Its

image

is a

dog

biting

the

end

of its

paw.

Its name is Anah.

It

should be

engraved

on a

plate

of red

copper.

Fumigate

it with

the hair of

a

dog.

It

is for

cutting

off and

enmity.

Al-Ramah is

red.

IBN AL-HATIM

63


8/28

KRISTEN LIPPINCOTT AND

DAVID PINGREE

15.

[I6rb]

Al-Ghaffar

is

three small stars which

do not

shine.

Its

image

is a

seated man

reading.

Its

name is

Aqalidh. Fumigate

it with

perfume

and

frankincense. You

should

engrave

it on a

seal of

qal'

(?).

Its

speciality

is

the

ending

of

enmity

and

hatred.

i6.

[I6va]

Al-Zibanun

are the

two horns of

Scorpio.

They

are two

stars

setting

in

(the

season

of)

warmth. Its image is a man sitting on a throne; in his hand is a balance. The name of its lord is

Asarut.

You should

engrave

it

on

a

seal of silver.

Its

speciality

is

selling

and

buying

and

in

favour of

business.

I7.

[

7Va]

Al-Aklil

is

three

shining

stars. Its

image

is the

image

of two

apes,

the left

hand of one of

which

is

on its

head

while the

right

is in

its

image

(sic).

The name

of his lord is

Aryath.

The

other of

the

two

has likaffi

(?)

the

palms

(of

his

hands)

on

his

shoulders. His name

is

Adhniyab.

You

should

engrave

it on a

seal of

iron or red wax.

Wrap

it

in

the skin

of

an

ape,

and

fumigate

it with

the

hair

of

an

ape

and

the

slough

of a

snake. Then

bury

it

in

whatever

place

you

wish,

and

pray

in

its name

over

the

people

of this

[I8rb]

place.

Its

speciality

is

expelling

thieves.

I8.

[I8va]

The heart

(qalb)

of

Scorpio

is

a

red star between

two

small,

shining

stars. Its

image

is two

scorpions;

one

of them

needs its

tail,

and the

other,

whose name is

Ahbiyal

-

spikes

are

implanted

in

its

eyes.

Engrave

it on a

seal of red

copper,

and

fumigate

it with the horn

of

a

stag; fumigate

it

for

seven nights. It should be placed in his house so that a snake (?) will not enter the house. If he keeps

it with

him,

it will

protect

him

from

pain.

If

one

stamps

with it for

whomever a snake

(?)

has

stung,

by (his)

eating

milk

it

will

free him. The

name of the

second

(scorpion)

is

Aghiyal.

19.

[i9rb]

Al-Shiwwal

is

the tail

of

Scorpio.

It is two

stars and

another

shining

one

under which are

three. Its

image

is

two

women one of whom has

placed

her hand over

her vulva

-

her

name is

Adhniyal

-

while

the other

is

spread

out

in

the

likeness of a river of

water. You

should form her

[

19va]

out of

white wax or

engrave

her on lead.

Fumigate

her with

liquid

storax,

and

wrap

her

in a

cotton

rag. Hang

her in

a stream

of

water,

or

you

should set her

up

over

her

(the

patient's)

vulva.

You

should

pray

in

the

name of their lord. Her

speciality

is the

flowing

of the

blood of women

until

they

die.

The name

of the second of

the two is

Abriyal.

[20

is

missing]

2I.

[2

Irb]

Place it inside

(?)

a

roof.

Fumigate

it with

sulphur

and amber and

the

hair

of a man for three

nights. Bury

it

in

a

place

whose

people

you

wish

to

separate.

You

should

pray

in

the name of its lord

so

that he will

answer

you.

His name

is

Kawyakifah.

Its

speciality

is misfortune

(?)

and

emptiness

(?)

and

emigration.

22.

[2

Iva]

Sa'd

dabh.

The

image

of a lion

between whose two

paws

is

a

fox. His tail is

turned

in

place

of

his

head

and his head in

place

of his tail.

Fumigate

it with the hair of a lion after

you

have

engraved

it out of

wax,

and

bury

it

in

the name of the

wazir

whom

you

wish,

and

pray

in

the name of its lord.

Destruction

and

misery

will

turn to

(?)

the wazir. Its name is

Ufit

aranit.

Its

speciality

is

separation

between

kings

and their wazirs. It is two

stars,

not

shining,

which

in

the

sight

of an

eye

are the

measure

of a forearm.

23.

[22rb]

Sa'd bal' is two

small,

equal

stars. Its name is Bala' whenever the earth

emerges

from

a

flood. Its image is the image of a lion from the fore part; his head is the head of a dog and his body

the

body

of an

ape.

You

should

shape

it out of black

potter's

clay.

Fumigate

it with

the

hair of a

dog

[22va]

or a

wolf,

and

pray

in

the name of its lord at the time of its

fumigation.

You should

bury

it

in

the

house of the

stubbornly

resisting

in

order to

destroy

the

enemies' house. The

name of its lord

is

Sani

sanahin.

Its

speciality

is

imposing

ruin and disease

upon

whomever

you

wish.

24.

[23rb]

Sa'd

al-su'ud.

The

image

is a woman

suckling

her child.

You should

shape

it out of

fat

and

flour or

engrave

it on the

horn of

a ram.

You should

say

the name and

bury

it

in

the house

so

that

suffering

will

not reach the

cattle and the

people

of that

house,

by

the

power

of God. The

name of its

lord is

Afratim

abriyas.

Its

speciality

is the

improvement

of cattle and

driving

away

reptiles

(?)

from

it

and infectious disease

and the

rest of diseases. It is two stars.

25. [23Va]

Sa'd

al-akhbiya.

The

image

is two

men,

one of

whom is

treating

(a disease)

and the

other

of

whom is

helping

a

plant

whose

fruit is between his two hands. You should

shape

it

in a

piece

of

64


9/28

wood

of

white

fig.

Its

speciality

is

the

improvement

of fruit

and

arable

[24rb]

land whenever

it

is

buried;

and it

protects

it from

blights

and

calamities

of the heavens

after its

fumigation

with the

flowers of the fruit

(trees).

The

name

of its lord is

Asyal.

It

is four stars

like

the

shape

of a

triangle

whose

middle

is the fourth

star.

26. [24Va]Faragh al-dalw al-muqaddam. The image is a woman whose hair hangs down; on her are

varieties of coloured

cloths;

between

her two

hands is

a

pot

in

which

is a

perfume

(with

which)

she

perfumes

herself.

You should

shape

her,

in

accordance

with the

name of whomever

among

women

you

wish,

out of white

wax

and

mastic.

Fumigate

it with

varieties

of

perfumes.

You

should

write on

her

chest the

name of the

man

overcoming

her love

for herself. You should

keep

the

image

in

the

house

so

that she

refrains rom

going

to

him,

if

God

wills.

The name of her lord

is

Nafsiyal taghriyal.

Its

speciality

[25rb]

is

for

love

that she entice

(?)

the

man

marvellously

and

promote

lust.

It

is

four

stars,

similar

to a

bucket.

27.

[25ra]

Faragh

al-dalw al-mu'akhkhir.

The

image

is a man

who has

wings;

in

his

hand

is

a

vessel

pouring

out,

which

he raises

to his mouth.

You should

shape

it out of red

clay;

and

it should

be

hollow.

When

it has been

cast,

you

should

put

in it

asafoetida

and

storax;

and

you

should

fumigate

it with wax

and

naphtha.

The

name should be

engraved

on the head of

the

image

so that

no-one

shall pass by this region. The name of its lord is Amriyal lamiyal. Its speciality is the ruin of

whatever

bath

you

wish

and the

corruption

of

all

its water so

that he

will

absolutely

not benefit

from

it. It is two

stars.

28.

[26Va]

Batn

al-hut. The

image

is a fish whose back is

striped

with

colours;

in

its

mouth is a

small

fish.

You

should

shape

it

out of

silver

according

to whatever sort

you

wish

of

snakes.

Fumigate

it

with the skin of

a

goat

or kam fud

(?).

You should

tie it

in

a

place

in which

you

wish

to seize fish

to

yourself

by

means of a

strong

string.

Then

they

will

be

turned about and

will

increase

so that

you

may

take them with

your

hand. The

name

of

its lord is Anush.

Its

speciality

is

overpowering

fish

(to

come)

to

whatever

place

you

wish and

region

that

is

close.

[27rb]

The fifth

chapter.

The aforesaid

Abu

'Ali

says:

the

explanation

of smoke is

(that)

it moves

with

the

air and

penetrates together

with it the

spirits

by

the motion of the influenced soul. The master of the smoke

moves and

accomplishes

an act

by

subjecting

the

spirits

called

upon

by

it

in

the name

of

God,

the

lord of the

two worlds. Amen

-

Glory

to God the

magnanimous

III. LATIN TRANSLATION

Vatican

City,

Biblioteca

Apostolica

Vaticana,

MS

Urb.

lat.

1384

[iv] (P1.14:

left)

IN

HOC CODICE CONTINETUR

ALI DE

YMAGINIBUS;

ALCHORAMI MAHOMETI

ET

DEFECTUS SOLIS ET LUNE.

[Ir] (P1. I4: right)

Ad Illustrissimum

dominum

FredericumDucem

Urbini S. R.

E.

vexilliferumGuillelmi

Raymundi

de

Moncata militis

artium

doctoris

de

imaginibus

celestibus

Ali

ibn

il

Haytim

traductio.

[Ira]

Etsi

negociis

reverendissimi domini mei

Cardinalis Melfitensis

sim

quotidie

occupatus

quae

me

totum sibi

(tanta

est

illius sciendi

cupiditas)

vindicarunt, tamen,

si

quid

succisivi

temporis

fuit ut

interrogationi

tuae

satisfacerem,

impendi,

Illustrissime

Princeps,

inhumanum

profecto

esset tibi et

praesertim

tam

praeclara cupienti

recusare

quod optas.

Natus

[Irb]

enim videris ad

communem

ingeniorum

utilitatem;

cum omni

via ac

diligentia perquiras augere

sermonis Latini

volumina,

quae

negligentia

superiorum temporum

pene

interiere.

Utinam

meae

vires,

quae pusillae

sunt,

accedere

ad

gremium

tuum mereantur.

IBN

AL-HATIM

65


10/28

KRISTEN

LIPPINCOTT

AND DAVID PINGREE

Sed tanta

est

humanitas

atque benignitas

tecum

genita

ut etiam humiles servulos admittere

non

dedigneris.

Spero

illam

refertissimam bibliothecam

tuam uno

opusculo

augere

quod,

licet

illipedum

et

inele[IVa]gans

videatur,

utilitas tamen

verborum,

ut

aiunt,

eclypsim rependet.

Est

enim translatio

ex lingua Arabica in nostram, cuius titulus est De imaginibus celestibus. Haec est illa scientia

divina

quae

felices homines reddit et ut dii

inter mortales

videantur edocet:

haec est

quae

cum

astris

loquitur

et,

si maius dicere

fas

est,

cum

Deo

ipso,

cuius nutu

quicquid

in

mundo est

gubernatur.

De

qua

sic

Messala

scripsit:

Omnia astra habent virtutem cum

septem

planetis

in

actione

et

operationibus

eorum. Et virtus

operationis

astrorum

in

mundo

comparatur

lapidi

attrahenti

ferrum

(magnes

enim

vocatur)

cum

approprinquetur

ad

illud.

[IIb]

Et

ita omnes creaturae

quae

sunt

super

terram

creantur

ex vi et motu

astrorum,

et

universa

edificia

mundi

et eius finis. Ita

quaecumque

eveniunt

in

mundo

astris

assignantur;

et hoc

indicant

hominum

negocia

et

quae

eis accidunt et

eveniunt.

Nam

saepe

invenitur

vir

sapiens

et

ingeniosus

qui divicias nunquam comparabit, et ignavi deditique luxui ditissimi

fiunt et

quae agunt

secunda

fortuna

foventur;

et hoc iussu Dei

benedicti,

qui potentiam

dedisse

astris recte

existimatur.

Aristoteles

etiam videtur

idem sentire

primo

Metaurorum:

Necesse est

mundum

hunc

inferiorem

continuum

esse

superioribus

lationibus

ut omnis

virtus

[2ra]

eius

gubernetur

inde.

Moyses

vero

experientia

reliquit posteris

astrologiam

esse

ex omni

parte

veram,

quemadmodum

in

Talmud

legitur:

Rabi

Tan

Huma

super

textu

Exo.:

Et

accepit

Moyses

ossa

Ioseph

cum

eo,

unde

scivit

Moyses

ubi

Ioseph sepultus

erat.

Ex

quo

Aegyptii, quando

decessit,

fecerunt

ei arcam aeneam

et

proiecerunt

in

Nilum

(ita

enim

fiebat

omnibus

aliquam

virtutem

singularem

habentibus).

Venit

Moyses

et stetit

supra

Nilum.

Accepit

laminamgemmae, in qua1sculpsit imaginemTauri et in circuituhas literas w

tby

: id est, ascende

Taure. Et

praesente populo proiecit

in

Nilum

et

clamavit

'Ioseph,

Io[2rb]seph,

venit

hora

qua

Deus

sanctus et benedictus

redimit

filios suos.

Hic

deitas

et Israel

et nubes

glorie

expectant

te.

Si

vis revelare

te,

bene

quidem;

sin

autem,

sumus

liberi

a iuramento

tibi

facto'.

Mox

apparuit

arca

et

emersit

et

in

summa

aqua

enatavit

donec

pervenit

ad

populum

cum

imagine

illa. Sed

populus

accingebat

se ad

accipiendam

arcam.

Et

Micheas

quidam

non

curavit

de

arca,

sed de lamina

ubi

imago

tauri

et litterae

sculptae

erant.

Et

quando

Aaron effundebat

125

centusses

auri,

qui

dati

fuerunt ei a

popolo

ut

faceret eis

Deum,

Micheas

in vas

in

quo populus

viritim

(?)

ponebat

aurum

ut

liquefieret

demisit

[2Va]

laminam

illam

gemmae.

Et statim exiliit vitulus

mugiens.

Et

cum

viderunt,

dixerunt

omnes:

hi

sunt

dii

tui,

Israel.

Similiter

quando

populus

morsus

est

a

serpente,

fecit

Moyses imaginem

serpentis

in

massa

oricalchi;qua visa omnes salutem accipiebant.

Sive hoc

a Deo

sit,

ut

creditur,

sive

monitus

in somniis

ut

hoc

faceret sive

per

artem

astrologie.

Et

hoc

quia

astrologia

et medicina

experimento

et relatione

divinorum

invente

sunt

ut dicit

Galienus,

et

alii medici idem

asserunt

qui

fidem

ex hac

revelatione

praestiterunt,

et ita verisimile est

non

solum

in

his,

immo

in omnibus

artibus

[2Vb]

quia,

cum

homo abstrahitur

continue

in arte

illa,

accidit

ei

quod

virtus

cogitativa

inclinetur

in materias

illius

artis

quam

ipse perquirit,

et

pervenit

ei

noticia

in

somnis. De

hoc hactenus.

1

quas,

s

crossed

ut

66


11/28

Non alienum

videtur

hoc loco

eos

qui

de

imaginibus

scripserunt

nserere.

Primus fuit Hermes

apud

Aegyptios,

Aratus

apud

Graecos,

apud

nos

postea

Iginus,

demum

apud

illos

Ptholomeus,

apud

nos

Albertus. Sed omni

tempore

floruerunt

Arabes

at

Chaldei,

quibus

astrologiae

inventio

assignatur.

Quis,

inquam,

est

qui

Ali

ibn

Roghla

Arabico

comparari

possit?

Berosusne

qui

statuam cum

aurata

lingua

[3ra]

meruit?An Democritus

qui

aetatem inter

experimenta

consumpsit?

Et si ab

Hebreis

petimus,

an Isaac?

An

Abanhazra?

Denique

Arabes

palmam

sibi merito vindicant.

Quid

enim fructuosius

et

utilius

operibus

Abu Nasar?

Et Ali ibn

il Hasan

qui

de

imaginibus

tam

bonum

opusculum reliquit.

Petrus

Patavinus

ad Fontem

Aponi

natus

ponit

quod,

Sole existente

in

corde

Leonis,

Jove

aut

Venere

aspiciente

et

infortuniis

cadentibus,

si

imprimeretur

mago

leonis

in lamina

aurea,

valeret

ad omnes infirmitates

renum;

quod

Nicolaus

Ariminensis medicus

expertus

est.

[3rb]

Ego quoque

vidi

caput

tantum

leonis

in lamina aurea

sculptum

manu

patris

mei,

Rabi Nissim abu

il

Faragh,

involutum

in

bombice

odorifera

musco

et nuce

muscata;

et a

tergo

hi characteres erant.

Quod

facilem

partum

mulieribus

dedit,

collo

parientium

alligatum.

Autoritate

igitur

et

experimento

nihil

esse verius

astrologia

manifestum

est.

Sed

iam ad

ipsam

interpretationem,

humanissime

princeps,

deveniamus.

[3Vb]

In

nomine

Dei

clementis

et

misericordis.

Dixit Ali filius

il

Hasan filius

il

Aytim:

Scito

Deum excelsum

-

benedicatur

nomen eius-

ordinasse Solem

in medio sex

planetarum,

trium

superiorum

et trium

inferiorum.

Et

primus

superiorum

est

interficiens,

et

vocatur

Saturnus,

qui

transit

signum

in

triginta

mensibus,

et transit

caelum in trigintaannis vel circa. Et creavit sub eo Iovem, qui transitsignumin uno anno et celum

in

duodecim

annis;

et vocatur

[4ra]

II

Bargis.

Sub

quo

creavit

rubeum,

qui

Mars

appellatur.

Et

transit

signum

in

quadraginta quinque

diebus,

caelum vero

in

decem et octo mensibus

vel

prope.2

Sub

quo

Solem,

qui

transit

signum

in

uno mense

et

caelum

in uno anno. Deinde

sub

Sole

Venerem,

quae

II Barhith

nuncupatur;

et

transit

signum

in

viginti

quinque

diebus et caelum

in

decem

mensibus. Sub

qua

scribam,

qui

Mercurius

nominatur;

et

transit

signum

in

octo diebus et

celum

in

tribus

mensibus et

viginti

sex diebus

vel

circa. Tum

sub

Mercurio Lunam

creavit,

quae

transit

signum

in

[4Vb]

duabus

noctibus et

c&lum

n

viginti

octo noctibus eo modo

quo

mansio

sua est

in

viginti

octo

mansionibus. Et

potest

esse

ipsam

nasci

in

die tricesimo

aut in

die vicesimo nono

et

nocte,

et tricesimo

primo

videri.

Signo3

autem

in

quod

Sol intrat nascitur il

hilal,

id

est

Diana.

Deinde sub

Luna creavit

ignem,

sub

igne

vero

aerem

ordinavit,

et

sub aere

aquam,

et

sub

aqua

terram.

Glorificetur

pse

Deus;

non

est alius

Deus

praeter

eum,

neque

corporalis

neque

spiritualis,

quoniam ipse creavit omnia.

[5ra]

BAB

SECUNDA.

De

aspectibus

signorum

et

mansionum.

Signa

aspiciunt

se invicem hoc

modo,

scilicet

primum

signum aspicit

sibi

septimum:

Aries

Libram,

Taurus

Scorpionem,

Gemini

Sagittarium,

Cancer

Capricornu,

Leo

Aquarium,

Virgo

Pisces

aspicit.

Ita

vero

mansiones

aspiciunt

se invicem secundum

quod

diximus

tibi de

signis.

Quoniam

caelum

volvitur in

eis hoc

modo

quod

mansio

quaelibet respicit

sibi

septimam

a

quacumque parte

inceperis,

et si

unum

eorum orietur ab

[5vb]

oriente,

aliud

occidit

in

occidente,

idem

iudicium

est

2

.i

after

prope.

3

signum

IBN

AL-HATIM

67


12/28

KRISTEN

LIPPINCOTT AND DAVID PINGREE

de

signis

et mansionibus.

Respiciunt

enim cornua

Arietis

remittentem,

venter

Arietis

cornua

Scorpionis,

cauda Arietis

amantem,

oculus

Tauri cor

Scorpionis,

caput

Geminorum

caudam

Scorpionis,

pedes

struciones,

brachium Leonis

imberbem,

nares Leonis

prosperum

iugulantem,

cilia Leonis

deglutientem,

frons et cor Leonis

optumum

optumorum,

umblicus

Leonis

tabernacula, cauda Leonis infusorem priorem, Virgo infusorem Aquarium posteriorem, telo

adherens

ventrem

Piscium,

et

ita una

[6ra]

queque

aliarum

respicit

sibi bis

septimam

mansionem.

BAB TERTIA.

De

potestate

planetarum

qui

currunt

semper

in

signis.

Solis

autem

potestas

imperatoris

comparatur,

Veneris vero vicem

gerentis

et

scribe4

missi,

sed

et

Lunae

apparitoris,

attamen

Iovis

gratias

concedentis et

interficientis,

id est

Saturni,

lictoris,

Martis vero

spatarii.

Et liberet nos Deus ab eorum

potestate.

Amen.

BAB

QUARTA.

De

commemoratione

imaginis que

ascendit

in

his mansionibus

predictis,

et

de nominibus

earum et

[6Vb]

de

stellis earum.

Cornua

Arietis vocantur il

Nathy,

et alio nomine

ii

Sartayn.

unt duae

stellae lucentes

et

separate,

quae

cum ceciderint

incipit pluvia.

Quarum

imago

est forma leonis

nigri

cooperti piloso

panno

in

cuius

manu sit ensis. Ordinatur ad

interficiendos

inimicos et

in

diruptionem

domorum

et status.

Cum

postulaberis

hoc

facere,

formabis ut tibi declaratum est

eis

ascendentibus

in

anulo

ferreo,

et

fumigabis

cum

storace et

cera.

Et nomen virtutis eius Haris.

Et

ita

quaslibet imagines

has formabis

eis

ascendentibus.

[7ra]

Venter

Arietis vocatur

il

Bothn.Sunt tres stelle

parvule,

non lucentes.

Quarum imago

est

forma

regis

coronati.

Et

nomen

eius

Anachil.Formabis illam in cera alba

et mastice commistis.

Valet ad

obviandum

regibus

et

quibus

volueris.

Et

fumagabis

cum

ligno

aloe et sandalis.

[7vb]

Cauda

Arietis vocatur

il

Thuraya.

unt

sex

stelle coniuncte et una

alia

parva.

Imago

eius

est

forma

mulieris

ponentis

manum

suam

dextram

super caput

suum;

et sit induta. Et nomen

eius

Abulsith.Forma eam in anulo argenteo;in dilectionem maritorum et uxorum valet. Et fumigatio

eius fit

cum

mastice

et cinamomo

contuso.

[8ra]

Oculus

Tauri vocatur

il Dabran. Est una

stella

rubea cum

qua

sunt

alie

stelle

parve.

Cuius

imago

est forma

hominis cum duobus cornibus.

Et nomen

eius

Isuavis. Forma eam

in cera

rubea ad

ponendum

odium et

inimiciciam. Et

fumigetur

cum

storace;

et

sepeliatur

in

habitationibus eorum

inter

quos

odia

desideras.

[8vb]

Caput

Geminorum

vocatur il

Hachaa.

Sunt tres stelle

parvulae,

propinque.

Imago

eius

est

caput

sine

trunco

super quo

sit una

corona

magna.

Et nomen virtutis eius Acbal.

Formabis eam

in

anulo

argenteo,

et

sculpes

in

eius

gutture

nomen virtutis eius.

Et

[9ra]

fumiga

eam cum

sandalis,

quam

quidem apud

te teneas.

Non

intrabis

apud quempiam

principem

quin

non concedat

tibi

petitionem

tuam,

et tardare faciet mala futura

tibi ab inimicis

tuis. Cum

qua

sunt

duae stellae

quarumuna est maior alia.

[9vb]

Pedes

Geminorum vocantur il Hanhaa.

Sunt due stellae

in medio

pedum

Geminorum

quarum

imago

est forma

duorum

puerorum

amplectentium

se.

Forma eos de

cera

alba,

et

fumiga

cum

canfora et

ligno

aloe

tenello.

Et nomen virtutis eius

Anari.Volues

eam

in

panno

albo,

et tene

apud

te.

Iuvabit

enim

ad amores

et

medelas.

Nomen stellarum

est il

Ziruil

mizen.

[ ora]

Bracchium Leonis vocatur il

Drah.

Sunt

due

stelle

quarum

una

Xahr l habur

ominatur,

alia

vero

Marzan l Drah. Et nomen il Habur st canis

ferox;

et hoc

quia

eo ascendente

canes

et bestie

rapaces

incitantur ad

predam.

Cuius

imago

est

forma

hominis

stantis,

extendentis

manus suas

ac si

Deum

invocaret.

Formabis

eam in

ventre

anuli

argentei,

id est in

parte

interiori

sub

gemma.

Et

4

i

after

scribe,

but

crossed

ut

68


13/28

fumigabis

cum

cera

et

mastice aut cum cinamomo.

Et valet

ad

intrandum

apud principes

et

reges

et

ligandos

animos et

corpora.

Et

sculpes

[Iovb]

nomen virtutis eius in

pectore

illius

qui

Xalich

vocatur.

Prosperari

te

faciet in

negociis

et

factis tuis.

[i

I'ra]

(P1.

i

6a)

Nares Leonis

vocatur

il

Nathra.

Est nubes

in

medio

duarum

stellarum

parvularum.

Ymago

grifis

cuius facies sit hominis. Et valet ad superandum in bello et inimiciciis hominum.

Sculpes

earn

in

plumbo.

Et

teneat

in

bello

qui

vellet

alium

superare.

Et nomen

virtutis eius

Acharis.

[

I I

b]

Cilia

Leonis vocatur il

Tarpha.

Sunt

due

stelle

parve.

Imago

hominis

ponentis

manum

suam

super

oculis suis.

Formabis

eam

de

cera

nigra.

Et

accipies

ignitum

clavum

parvulum

antequam

faber

ilium

totaliter

disiungat

a

ferro,

et eum

in

uno oculorum eius

configes,

et

suspendes

illam

in

vento Marte

vel Saturno

ascendente,

capite

sursum stante.

Et

sculpes

nomen virtutis eius in

capite

suo cum

nomine

hominis

pro quo

fit. Valet

autem ad

removendum

cataractas,

et

il

ramdet

infirmitates oculorum

et fluxum

sanguinis.

Et

nomen

virtutis eius

Rauyal.

Et

si non

ha[i

2ra]bueris

ceram,

sculpe

in

plumbo.

[I2Vb]

Frons

et Cor

Leonis vocatur

il

labhah

u

Calb

il

Asad.

Sunt

quatuor

stellae

lucentes;

et

septentrionalis

earum

est Cor

Leonis.

Imago

eius

est

caput

leonis

sine

trunco. Et nomen

virtutis

eius

Aradin.Valet

ad

introitum

apud principes

et curare

infirmos

et

fetum de utero matris

educere.

Si

quis

sculperet

eam

in

lamina

aurea aut

aere

rubeo,

et

sculperet super

ea

nomen

virtutis

eius,

et

fumigaret

ear

cum

musco et nuce

muscata

die

qualibet,

et

nominaret

nomen

virtutis

eius,

et

teneret

apud

se,

videret

mirabilia;

sed non

induat

nova

nec

naviget

dum ear tenet.

[I3ra]

Umbilicus

Leonis

vocatur il

Charthin.

unt

due

stelle

lucentes,

quarum

imago

est homo

equitans

leonem,

cuius manus

dextra lorum teneat et sinistra

in

aure

leonis sit.

Et nomen

eius

Achlullcabul.

ormes illam in

lamina

aurea,

et

fumiges

eam

cum

pilis

leonis,

et

imprime

in

capite

illius nomen

virtutis

eius,

quod

quidem

nomina. Videbis

per

illam

quae

desideras,

et ab eo

[

3Vb]

quem

diligis

intentum

tuum

consequeris

sive

homo

sit sive

alia

creatura.

[I4ra]

Cauda

Leonis

vocatur il

Sarpha.

Est una

stella,

et vocatur il

Sarpha,

d est

Terminans,

quoniam ea ascendente est terminus estatis, et ea cadente est terminus hyemis. Imago eius est

serpens

bellans

cum homine. Formes

eam

de

cera,

aut

sculpe

eam

in

lamina

plumbea.

Et

fumiges

cum

asa

fetida,

et

sculpes

nomen virtutis eius

in

capite serpentis.

Et

sepelias

eam

in

domo

cuiusuis

inimici

vel

populorum

quorum

discordiam

optaveris.

Certe maximum

odium et

inimiciciae

generabuntur

inter

eos;

itaque

fere locus eorum diruetur et

destruetur.

[I4Vb]

Et nomen

virtutis

huius Adbixa.

[I5ra]

Virgo

vocatur

il

Hava. Sunt

quinque

stellae

ac

si

esset

Aliph

abscissa

cauda;

et est

de

imaginibus

Virginis.

Cuius

imago

est

vir

sociatus ovians

mulieri.

Formetur

vir

de cera

rubea et

femina

de cera

alba. Et

nomen

virtutis eius Asarub.Et

fumigetur

cum

ligno

aloes

et

ambra,

et

involues illas in

panno

rubeo.

Virtus eius valet ad amorem et

incitationem

coitus. Una

vero

stellarum

eius

inclinatur ad

occidentem,

sed

ali?

quattuor

stellae

sunt

directe,

separatae.

[

15vb]

Telo adherens vocatur il Samach. unt

due

stelle,

quarum

unail

Hadlvocatur

et alia il

Ramah.

Cuius

imago

est

canis mordens

sibi

anteriorem

tibiam,

reliquo

pede

caudae

superposito.

Et nomen

virtutis

eius

Hunahal.

Sculpe

in lamina

aeris

rubei,

et

fumigetur

cum stercore

canis.

Valet

ad

destruendos

homines,

et

ponere

inimicicias. Sed

stella

que

vocatur il

Ramah

st

rubea.

[I6ra]

Remittens vocatur il

Gaffar.

Sunt

tres stellae

parve,

non

lucentes.

Imago

eius

est vir

sedens

cathedraliter,

legens.

Cuius

nomen est Acalid.

Fumigetur

cum

cinamomo

contuso et

ture

postquam

sculpta

fuerit in

anulo de

aere

combusto. Valet

ad removenda odia

necnon et

inimicicias.

[

I6Vb]

Cornua

Scorpionis

vocantur il

Zabanin.

Sunt duae

stelle cadentes

in

estate.

Quorum

imago

est

homo

sedens

super

sede,

in

cuius manu

sit statera. Et

nomen virtutis

eius

Asarud.

Sculpes

illam

in

anulo

argenteo.

Et valet

ad

prosperas

faciendas

merces et

emptiones

et

venditiones.

69

BN AL-HATIM


14/28

KRISTEN LIPPINCOTT AND

DAVID

PINGREE

[

7Vb]

Amans

vocatur ilAchlil.

Sunt

tres

stellae lucentes.

Huius

imago

sunt due

simie,

quarum

una

ponit

manum

suam sinistram

super

caput

suum

et dextram

super

faciem

suam,

et

vocatur

Ariath;

altera

ponit palmas

suas

super

humeros

eius,

et vocatur

Adniab.

Sculpes

eam in

anulo

ferreo vel in

cera

rubea,

et

involues illam

in

pelle

simiae. Et

fumigabis

cum

pilo

simiae et

spolio serpentis.

Deinde sepelias eam ubi vis, et nomina nomen virtutum eius super illis qui habitant in illo loco. Et

talis

imago

valet

[I8ra]

ad

repellendos predones.

[I8Vb]

Cor

Scorpionis

vocatur il

Calb.

Est

una stella rubea

in

medio duarum

minorum lucentium.

Cuius

imago

sunt duo

scorpiones,

quorum

unus caudam non

habeat,

et

vocatur

Ahbial;

alter

spinas

infixas in

oculis,

et

nomen eius

Haghyal.

Qui

hanc

imaginem

in

anulo aeris

rubei

sculperet,

et

fumigaret

cum

cornu

cervino,

et

poneret

eam

in

sereno aere

septem

noctibus,

postea poneret

in

domo sua

-

non

intrabunt

reptilia

nec

venenosa domum

illam.

Et

si

eam

apud

se

tenuerit,

liberabitur

a

doloribus. Si vero

aliquis

morsus fuerit

a

reptilibus

et

venenosis,

et

impressio

sibi

fieret cum

anulo

illo,

et

postea

comederet modicum

turis,

liberaretur.

[I9ra]

Cauda

Scorpionis

vocatur

il

Xual. Sunt

due stelle et

alia

lucens,

sub

qua

sunt aliae tres.

Cuius

imago

sunt due

mulieres,

quarum

una

ponit

manum suam

super

vulvam

suam,

et vocatur

Adnial; altera vero extensa iacet super decursum fluminis aquarum. Forma eas de cera rubea vel

sculpe

in

plumbo,

et

fumiga

[I9vb]

cum astorace

liquida.

Et

volve eas

in

panno

bombicis,

et

suspende

in

decursu

aquarum

aut

ponatur

super

vulva. Et nomina

nomen virtutis eius. Valet ad

provocandum

fluxum

sanguinis

mulierum donec moriantur. Et nomen

secunde

est

Abarbial.

(fols

21-28

numbered

20-27)

[2

Ira]

in

foramine

in

tecto.

Et

fumiges

cum

sulphure

et carabe

et

pilis

hominis

tribus noctibus.

Et

sepelias

in domo

ubi vis divisionem

facere.

Et nomina

nomen

virtutis eius

-

adimplebit

desiderium

Pingree and Lippincott - Ibn Al-Hatim on the Talismans of the Lunar Mansions [EArticle - 1 PDF]

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