Pilot - The first offshore steam flood in · PDF fileTHE FIRST OFFSHORE STEAM FLOOD IN EUROPE...
Transcript of Pilot - The first offshore steam flood in · PDF fileTHE FIRST OFFSHORE STEAM FLOOD IN EUROPE...
STEAMPRODUCT ION COMPANY LTD
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THE FIRST OFFSHORE STEAM FLOOD IN EUROPE
DEVEX 2015
May 20th - 21st
PILOT
STEAMPRODUCT ION COMPANY LTD
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Steam flooding technology
Why not offshore?
Pilot Field
MER:UK
ClairSchiehallion
BuzzardBressay
RosebankMarinerBentley
LancasterKraken
PilotGolden Eagle et al
Cambo et alForties
ETAPCatcher et al
MonArbWytch Farm
Perth et alAlba
DarwinMagnus
Cheviot et alFoinaven
Captain
Remaining Reserves , mmbbls
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Total reserves on the chart ≈ 4.2 billion bbls
STEAMPRODUCT ION COMPANY LTD
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LSTEAM ENABLED PRODUCTION
Nearly 2 million bbls per day of steam enabled production around the world
Chevron, Oxy and Shell are the leaders in steam flood
Exxonmobil (Imperial) and PDVSA are the top companies in cyclic steam stimulation
Cenovus, Suncor, CNRL, Lukoil, Devon, CNOOC (Nexen), Husky and MEG are the pioneers of SAGD
Shell and Wintershall are steam flooding the Schoonebeek/Emlichheim field on the Dutch/German border in Europe’s biggest steam flood
ChevronPDVSA
CenovusExxonmobil
SuncorOccidental
CNRLShell
LukoilDevon
CNOOCSAGD Indies
Int'l IndiesHusky
MEGConocoPhilips
CNPCUS Indies
thousand bbls/day
0 100 200 300 400
2013 production data from Oil & Gas Journal 2014 EOR review, except Canada (Alberta Energy Regulator & company data) and Middle East (project specific estimates)
8© 2006 Chevron Corporation
50 Years of Thermal Experience at WorkKern River Field, California
Kern River Field, California
! Steamflood
! 87,000 BOPD
! 230,000 BSPD
! 9,000 wells
! Recovery will approach 80%
Production(BOPD)
020,00040,00060,00080,000100,000120,000140,000160,000
1895 1905 1915 1925 1935 1945 1955 1965 1975 1985 1995
Steamflood
Primary
Fielddiscovered Primary
productionBottom hole
heaters
Steamflood
Cogen
KERN RIVERChevron Corporation
4
7© 2006 Chevron Corporation
Why Steamflood?
! Increases reserves bya factor of 2 – 10 timescompared to primary heavyoil recovery.
! Production is bothincremental and accelerated
50 - 80%Steam Flood
5 - 15%Primary
Heavy OilRecoveryMechanism
- Post - SteamPre-Steam
OilSaturationAverages55%
OilSaturationAverages
8%
Typical oil saturated corein Duri Field, Indonesia
RECOVERY FACTOR POTENTIALChevron Corporation
5
OIL VISCOSITYAs a function of API gravity and temperature
1
10
100
1000
10000
Reservoir Temperature ºF
50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375
25º API 20º API 15º API 10º API
Harding, 74%
Pilot, 13%
6
Alba 50%
Captain 37% Mariner (Maureen)
Mariner (Heimdal)Bressay
Kraken
Bentley
Viscosity correlation derived from the Excel Macro PVTProps.xla based upon the Petroleum Fluids Pack developed by Hewlett Packard for use in their HP-41 series programmable hand-held calculators. GOR = 100 scf/bbl, Pressure = 1500 psi, bubble point = 1500 psi
Reservoir viscosity, centipoise
OIL VISCOSITYAs a function of API gravity and temperature
1
10
100
1000
10000
Reservoir Temperature ºF
50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375
25º API 20º API 15º API 10º API
Harding, 74%Pilot Steam Flood Potential c. 60% RF
6
Alba 50%
Captain 37% Mariner (Maureen)
Mariner (Heimdal)Bressay
Kraken
Bentley
Viscosity correlation derived from the Excel Macro PVTProps.xla based upon the Petroleum Fluids Pack developed by Hewlett Packard for use in their HP-41 series programmable hand-held calculators. GOR = 100 scf/bbl, Pressure = 1500 psi, bubble point = 1500 psi
Reservoir viscosity, centipoise
STEAM FLOODING IS THE “PRIME” WAY TO PRODUCE HEAVY OIL…
STEAMPRODUCT ION COMPANY LTD
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>0.08
STEAM FLOOD SCREENING
18. Hayes, H.J. et al. 1984. Enhanced Oil Recovery. Washington, DC: National Petroleum Council, Industry and Advisory to the U.S. Department of the Interior. 19. Iyoho, A.W. 1978. Selecting Enhanced Oil Recovery Processes. World Oil (November): 61. 20. Ali, S.M.F. 1974. Current Status of Steam Injection As a Heavy Oil Recovery Method. J Can Pet Technol 13 (1). PETSOC-74-01-06. 21. Venkatesh, E.S., Venkatesh, V.E., and Menzie, D.E. 1998. PDS Data Base Aids Selection of EOR Method. Oil & Gas J. 82 (23): 63-66. 22. Chu, C. 1985. State-of-the-Art Review of Steamflood Field Projects. J Pet Technol 37 (10): 1887-1902. SPE-11733-PA. 23. Donaldson, A.B. and Donaldson, J.E. 1997. Dimensional Analysis of the Criteria for Steam Injection. Presented at the SPE Western Regional Meeting, Long Beach, California, 25-27
June 1997. SPE-38303-MS.
2700’ 30’-75’ 0.34 0.82 0.28
13º - 21º 3,500
100 – 1900 >84
1228 ≡ 5
Pilot
From The Petroleum Engineering Handbook
WHY DEPTH MATTERS?
9
STEAMPRODUCT ION COMPANY LTD
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LDEEPER STEAMFLOODS IMPLY HIGHER TEMPERATURES…
Stea
m Te
mpe
ratu
re ºC
0
100
200
300
400
Reservoir Depth, feet
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000
Superheated Steam at 2,500 KJ/kg
100ºC 200ºC 300ºC 400ºC
100ºC 200ºC 300ºC 400ºC
20% 40% 60% 80%
1,000
100
10
1
0.1
1,000 2,000 3,000 4,0000
Pres
sure
, bar
Enthalpy, KJ/Kg
Water Steam
Supercritical Steam
…AND LESS LATENT HEAT
STEAMPRODUCT ION COMPANY LTD
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Steam flooding technology
Why not offshore?
Pilot Field
MER:UK
STEAMPRODUCT ION COMPANY LTD
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LOFFSHORE STEAM“We did not investigate steamflooding because North Sea reservoirs are too deep and above the pressure limits for successful application.” Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering, University of Texas at Austin; EOR Field Data Literature Search, Prepared for: Danish Energy Agency & Mærsk Olie og Gas AS, 2008
“No, too much heat loss in riser to ocean water”, National Petroleum Council, Global Oil & Gas Study, Topic Paper #22 Heavy Oil; Table IV.4b. page 13, 2007
“Potential for heated injection fluid processes are limited in cold or deep water by heat losses in transit.… Even with equipment advances such as vacuum-insulated tubulars, heat losses above the mudline could be unacceptably large.” Technical Challenges for Offshore Heavy Oil Field Developments, OTC 15281, 2003
“The problems of providing reasonable steam quality at the Pilot reservoir depth and pressure are significant. The offshore environment and potential for wet trees make the problem nearly insurmountable. [Unnamed consultancy] advise not to consider steam injection. ”, Previous Pilot EOR screening study, Unnamed consultancy, 2003
STEAMPRODUCT ION COMPANY LTD
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LWELLBORE HEAT LOSS
Initial steam quality of 80%
At 500 bpd cwe steam quality is reduced to 23.3% at 4,000’
At 1,000 bpd cwe steam quality is reduced to 51.5% at 4,000’
Steam condensed is 285 bpd in each case
So, at 10,000 bpd cwe steam quality would reduce by about 3%
Data for 500, and 1,000 bcwe/day cases, New Advances and a Historical Review of Insulated Steam Injection Tubing - SPE-113981, 4,000’ data point calculated by extrapolation
Stea
m Q
ualit
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0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Depth feet
1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000
500 bcwe/day 1,000 bcwe/day10,000 bcwe/day
STEAMPRODUCT ION COMPANY LTD
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LWHAT’S THE REAL PROBLEM?
Few candidates Limited number of candidates that meet the screening criteria
Pilot is one of only a few in the North Sea
Well densities Onshore projects have typically been at 2.5 to 10 acre spacings
Long (1,000m plus) horizontal wells at 100m to 150m spacings have solved this problem
STEAMPRODUCT ION COMPANY LTD
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LOUTLINE
Steam flooding technology
Why not offshore?
Pilot Field
MER:UK
STEAMPRODUCT ION COMPANY LTD
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LWELL & SEISMIC DATABASEThe reservoir description is well understood and all the well and seismic data needed has been gathered
The block is fully covered by the Western Geco Quad 21 3D survey which was reprocessed in 2009 and a new survey by Fugro which completed processing in 2013
WELL FIELD AREA TEST RATE (BOPD)
FLUID COLUMNS
API GRAVITY OIL VISCOSITY
(CP)21/27-1A Harbour 920 Gas 20 ft
Oil 29ft Water
17.0 98
21/27-2 Pilot Main 110 Oil 62ft Water
16.8 159
21/27-3 Pilot Main - Oil 7ft - -
21/27-4 Pilot South - Oil 11ft Water
- -
21/27a-5/5X Pilot Main 2,000 horiz. well
Gas 19 ft Oil 29ft Water
12.8 - 13.4 600 - 1870
21/27a-6 Pilot Main - - 15.5 420
2500
2450
2550
26002650
2700
2650
2600
2700
2750
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2850
29002950
3000 30502800
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29002950 3000
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Pilot Main
Pilot South
Harbour
0 2 4 61 3kilometers
5
Top Tay Sandstone, Block 21/27a
OWC & field outline GOC
17.0º API98 cP
16.8º API159 cP
21º API
13º API600 -1,870 cP
15.5º API420 cP
230 MMBBLS
9 MMBBLS
33 MMBBLS
STEAMPRODUCT ION COMPANY LTD
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LPOTENTIAL WELL PATTERN
Target the area with greater than 30’ of net pay
Alternating producers and injectors, 100m apart (potential to increase spacing)
Wells between 1000m to 1800m long
Inflow control devices to achieve conformance control
42 alternating producers and injectors0 1,000
meters2,000
Pilot Main – Hydrocarbon Pore Volume
Producers
Injectors
STEAMPRODUCT ION COMPANY LTD
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LINITIAL SECTOR MODELLING
Top Tay Hydrocarbon Pore Volume
1870 cP
420 cP
159 cP
1870 cP
STEAMPRODUCT ION COMPANY LTD
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4,000
6,000
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bbls/
day
Year
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bbls/
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bbls/
day
Year
INITIAL SECTOR MODELLING
Well #2159 cP
71% RF
Well #6420 cP
64% RF
Well #5x1870 cP52% RF
Well #51870 cP66% RF
WaterOil Steam Cumulative SOR Transient SOR
STEAMPRODUCT ION COMPANY LTD
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LCONFORMANCE CONTROL
Injector
Producer
Horizontal slice of sector model located at 5x well location
STEAMPRODUCT ION COMPANY LTD
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LCONFORMANCE CONTROL
Autonomous Inflow Control Valves (AICV®)
Valve has two flow pathways, one always open (1%-5% of combined flow) one open or closed (95%-99%)
Status of main flow pathway depends on pressure drop in pilot flow pathway ∴
Valve can shut off low viscosity fluids (e.g. steam, gas or water)
Installed in each joint of sand screen with swellable packers at every fifth joint or so
SPE 171141 5
Figure 4b: A drawing of the AICV® in closed position.
Figure 5 shows the AICV® mounted in the screen. The valves are mounted along the pipeline with a distance of about 40 feet and multiple (1-8) valves can be mounted in each isolated zone.
Figure 5: AICV® mounted in the screen. Experimental test results with gas, oil and water.
AICVs are constructed with different strength. Figure 6 shows the performance curves for 1 bar, 2 bar, 3 bar and 4 bar AICVs respectively. The strength of the AICV® describes the pressure drop over the valve for 1 m3/h of oil flow rate.
Illustrated valve is available in a high temperature version from Inflow Control of Norway http://www.inflowcontrol.no
STEAMPRODUCT ION COMPANY LTD
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LPILOT MAIN PRODUCTION
-
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
1Q 2
020
3Q 2
020
1Q 2
021
3Q 2
021
1Q 2
022
3Q 2
022
1Q 2
023
3Q 2
023
1Q 2
024
3Q 2
024
1Q 2
025
3Q 2
025
1Q 2
026
3Q 2
026
1Q 2
027
3Q 2
027
1Q 2
028
3Q 2
028
1Q 2
029
3Q 2
029
1Q 2
030
3Q 2
030
1Q 2
031
3Q 2
031
Water
Oil
Steam
-
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
1Q 2020
3Q 2020
1Q 2021
3Q 2021
1Q 2022
3Q 2022
1Q 2023
3Q 2023
1Q 2024
3Q 2024
1Q 2025
3Q 2025
1Q 2026
3Q 2026
1Q 2027
3Q 2027
1Q 2028
3Q 2028
1Q 2029
3Q 2029
1Q 2030
3Q 2030
1Q 2031
3Q 2031
Oil Rate by well
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20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
1Q 2020
3Q 2020
1Q 2021
3Q 2021
1Q 2022
3Q 2022
1Q 2023
3Q 2023
1Q 2024
3Q 2024
1Q 2025
3Q 2025
1Q 2026
3Q 2026
1Q 2027
3Q 2027
1Q 2028
3Q 2028
1Q 2029
3Q 2029
1Q 2030
3Q 2030
1Q 2031
3Q 2031
Steam Rate by well
STEAMPRODUCT ION COMPANY LTD
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LPILOT – RESOURCES
FieldSTOOIP mmbbls
RFRecoverable
mmbbls
Pilot Main 230 58% 132
Pilot South 33 30% 10
Harbour 9 ~ ~
Total 272 142
2500
2450
2550
26002650
2700
2650
2600
2700
2750
2700
2750
2800
2800
2850
29002950
3000 30502800
2850
29002950 3000
3050
3100 3150
3100
3150
1
"
1
1
1
M
M
M
k
4
1
1A2
3
5
5Z
5X
6
Pilot Main
Pilot South
Harbour
0 2 4 61 3kilometers
5
Top Tay Sandstone, Block 21/27a
OWC & field outline GOC
* Recovery factors based upon sector modelling of Pilot Main steam flood. Pilot South and Harbour based upon an assumed recovery factor for water flood
STEAMPRODUCT ION COMPANY LTD
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LOUTLINE
Steam flooding technology
Why not offshore?
Pilot Field
MER:UK
STEAMPRODUCT ION COMPANY LTD
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2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,500
6,000
6,500
7,000
1 10 100 1,000 10,000
Dept
h, fe
et
Reservoir Viscosity, cP
Producing Developments Discoveries
MER-UK: HEAVY OIL POTENTIAL
PilotSteam known to
be effective
Deep Steam Potential
Area of bubble is proportional to oil in place, not a complete inventory of all UKCS heavy oilfields
The steam prize:~ 2 billion bbls
STEAMPRODUCT ION COMPANY LTD
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LTHE BIGGER PRIZE
The Pilot project can prove offshore steam and be a test bed for new equipment and technologies
Extending the applicable depth for steam flood could unlock almost 2 billion bbls of recoverable reserves in the UKCS
The Operator at the forefront of deep steam offshore will have a real competitive advantage both in the UKCS and internationally
21/27a
28/2a
21/27a
28/2a
L
1
"
11
1
MM
M
k
4
1
1A235
5Z5X
7M
7
6M
W
1M 8Z M4k
1kMM
13
11
52
9
10
k
M1B
W2M1
6
Bowhead
Ree
Gill
Carra
Pilot Channels
Tiberius
Bottlenose
Pilot Main
Pilot South
Pilot Southeast
Harbour
BlakeneyFyne
Crinan
Dandy
Elke
Narwhal
Feugh
Oil Discoveries Oil Prospects Gas ProspectsGas Discoveries
0 2 4 6 8 10kilometers
Enquest Enquest
MOL Enegi Antrim
Steam
CONTACTSemail: [email protected]
telephone: +44 (0) 20 3603 1941
website: http://www.steam-oil.com
address: 70 Claremont Road Surbiton
Surrey KT6 4RH