Pilot studies DAIMON

Pilot studies DAIMON

WP 3 – Case studies on marine munitions

Benedykt Hac Maritime Institute in Gdańsk

4rd meeting, Gdynia, Poland 2017

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WP 3 - Case studies on marine munitions – Maritime Institute Gdańsk (MIG)

• No. 3.1 – Case studies on dumped conventional munitions – Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE)

• No. 3.2 - Case studies on wrecks filled with chemical munitions – Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI)

• No. 3.3 - Case studies on dumped chemical munitions – Maritime Institute Gdańsk (MIG)

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Period Dates A 3.1 A 3.2 A 3.3

1 03/2016 – 08/2016

2 09/2016 – 02/2017 X (M 451)

3 03/2017 – 08/2017 X X (May/July) X (July/August)

4 09/2017 – 02/2018 X X X

5 03/2018 – 08/2018 (X) X X

6 09/2018 – 02/2019

Timeline for activities 3.1 -3.3

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1 03/2016 – 08/2016

2 09/2016 – 02/2017 X (M 451)

3 03/2017 – 08/2017 07.08-17.08 RV Clupea

09.06-28.06

RV Imor

14.03-24.03 RV Oceania

03.04-15.04 RV Imor

4 09/2017 – 02/2018 24.08-30.09 RV Walter Herwig III

20.09 – 29.09 RV Oceania

X X

5 03/2018 – 08/2018 (X) X X

6 09/2018 – 02/2019

Timeline for activities 3.1 -3.3 – Present situation

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Pilot Studies WP No. 3.1

• 1 – Little Belt • 1a – Bay of Kiel • 2 – Kattegat • 2a – Skagerrak

• 3 - Bornholm Deep

• 4 – Gdańsk Deep

• 5 Gulf of Finland

6 No. 3.1 – Case studies on dumped conventional munitions – Finnish

Environment Institute (SYKE) • Description • DAIMON will examine two locations of known dumped conventional munitions:

in Gulf of Finland and in German coastal waters (12smz and parts of EEZ) • Working steps will be:

• Photography and photometry of underwater objects by ROV, • Sampling of sediments and biota, • Analysis of collected material, • Modelling of potential leakage, • Risk categorization, • Securing the operation against possible contamination.

• Output : • Verification of risk assessment procedures for dumped conventional munitions

• Timeline • Period 2-5

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SYKE - Finnish Environment

Institute obtained in May 2016

(wreck of minessweeper M451)

WP 3.1 Caging experiment

Anu Lastumäki Finnish Environment Institute

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Blue mussel caging in the Gulf of Finland

• 3 mussel cages

• 1 hotspot (sea mine)

• 2 references (clean area)

• Diving of mussels from a

clean site in May 2017 • Seasonal references from

the clean site collected in August 2017

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Diving of the mussels from the clean site (Hanko peninsula). Selection of suitable mussels - 25-30mm individuals.

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Deployment of the reference cages in the end of May with RV Aranda

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Deployment of the hotspot cage in the beginning of June by the Finnish Navy

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Reference cages retrieved in the end of July. Hotspot cage to be retrieved in a few weeks. 400 blue mussels in each cage

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Samples dissected for chemical and biomarker analysis. • Chemical (TNT/other explosives?) • Lysosomal membrane stability, both histological and neutral red retention

test • Oxidative stress biomarkers • Genomic samples

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RV Aranda on dock until February 2018

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Pilot Studies





20 No. 3.2 - Case studies on wrecks filled with chemical munitions – Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI)

Description The investigation into wrecks requires a detailed survey of the wreck including ROV footage of the complete wreck detailing any hazards. The survey will determine the state of the wreck and munitions. From that we can build detailed information about the wreck and how best to inter them to remove the munitions. FFI has carried out several surveys and has so far located 36 wrecks in Skagerrak. These surveys will be used as a basis for wreck selection for this pilot case. ROV missions will be performed from MIG vessel. Working steps will be:

• Photography and photometry of underwater objects by ROV • Sampling of sediments and other materials • Analysis of collected material • Modelling leakage • Securing the operation against possible contamination

Output : Verification of risk assessment procedures for shipwrecks filled with ammunition Timeline Period 3-5

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1 03/2016 – 08/2016

2 09/2016 – 02/2017 X (M 451)

3 03/2017 – 08/2017 07.08-17.08 RV Clupea

09.06-28.06

RV Imor


03.04-15.04 RV Imor


20.09 – 29.09 RV Oceania

X

24.08-30.09 RV Walter Herwig III

5 03/2018 – 08/2018 (X) 01.04-30.04 X

6 09/2018 – 02/2019


12.06-17.06

23 No. 3.2 - Case studies on wrecks filled with chemical munitions – Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI)

The first results of the work team FFI was presented by Øyvind Albert Voie and Bert Gilljam in Goeteborg:

General information:

1. For DAIMON were selected 3 wrecks containing CW.

2. The wrecks are fairly well known (wreck no 13) and unknown - (no. 5 and 12) not taken any seiment samples for chemical testing

3. Wrecks chosen for the study is a large commercial vessels filled chemical muniton and intentionally sunk after World War II.

4. Selected wrecks are heavily damaged and munition fills the holds and cover the bottom near the wreck.

DAIMON WP 3.2 Case studies on wrecks filled

with chemical munitions

John Aa Tørnes

DAIMON cruise in Skagerrak 2017 • 36 wrecks from WW2, possibly related to CW-dumping, have been localised

at the dump-site in Skagerrak

• Three wrecks was selected for investigation in order of priority

• The sea depth in the area is from 550 m to 700 m

• The bottom current has earlier been measured to 0-0.07 m/s

• The oxygen level is 5-7 ml/l

• Sedimentation 1.5-4.5 mm/year

• The cruise was held south-east of Arendal from 12 June 2017

• The plan was video surveillance by ROV and sampling of sediments and biota

The investigated wreck • Wreck no. 13 (this was 1st priority)

• Length > 115 m, broken into several parts with a lot of remnants around the wreck

• This wreck was investigated by FFI both in 1989 and in 2002. We wanted to visit this wreck again in order to observe any change in the conditions of the wreck

• Depth: 580 m

Wreck at 560 m depth in 2002

Her kommer video

Sampling plan wreck no. 13 • Three squares with multi-

increment (mixed) samples. 50 cores in each square

• One transect out from the wreck. Separate samples 0m, 10m, 20m, 40m, 80m, 120m, 175m, 250m , 500m and 1000m from the wreck

• Four biota bait traps close to the wreck. One in each square and one trap outside the squares

• Each sediment core to be sliced in 0-1 cm, 1-3 cm and 3-6 cm

Cruise execution • Some adjustments had to be done to the FFI-made biota sampler during

the first days at sea. This took some extra time and caused slow deployment

• Hagfish and amphipods were collected at a reference position and five positions close to wreck no. 13

• Biological samples were sent to FFI, Chalmers, SYKE and Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut for analysis after the cruise

• No ROV was available for the cruise

• The “revolving” sediment sampler was not ready when the cruise started. The sampler arrived some days later

• Due to bad weather forecast for the last part of the time window, the cruise was aborted after five days at sea

Bait traps to collect hagfish

Hagfish and amphipods Hagfish and amphipods were collected at one shipwreck in addition to one reference position

Histopathological analysis (NOR)

• The analysis performed by the FishVet Group

• 34 hagfish liver-samples from Wreck no. 13 and reference

• Four samples with moderate or mild presence of nodules

• Four samples with hypercellular foci

• No infectious agents (bacteria or fungi) was found

• The hagfish are in good health – No significant difference between Wreck no. 13 and reference

• No tumours were found

Nodule

Liver pigmentations

Alternatives for new cruise in Skagerrak 1. ROV Inspection of 2-3 wrecks

• To compare the conditions of the wrecks with earlier inspections (1989 and 2002)

• To be more time efficient, we need a larger ship with a larger ROV compared to RV IMOR

2. Sampling of more biota

• At other wrecks • Could be done from regular cruises (e.g. performed by

Norwegian Institute of Marine Research)

3. Sediment sampling

• Transect out from the wreck • Multi increment sampling • The content of CW-agents in the sediments are very

heterogeneous, which means that we need a lot of samples • Expensive because we need larger crew and longer cruise time

as well as much laboratory time

Do we need more sediment samples?

200 m

• 11 sediment samples collected at Wreck 13 in 2002 and 2015

• Area 200 m x 100 m

Conclusions • One of the previously localised wrecks in Skagerrak was selected for

DAIMON investigation in 2017 lead by FFI

• The cruise was aborted after five days, but hagfish samples were collected close to wreck no 13 and at the reference position

• Analysis of the hagfish is ongoing in Norway

• Chemical warfare agents and related compounds • Decomposition products from chemical warfare agents • Histopathology to look changes due to exposure to toxic

compounds • The hagfish are in good health with no tumours detected

• Open question: What should be the aim of a possible new cruise?

• Our suggestion is not to take more sediment samples, but focus on biota sampling and video documentation

• We have many sediment samples from earlier cruises • It is more important to look for effects in living organisms

38 No. 3.2 - Case studies on dumped chemical munitions – Maritime Institute

Gdańsk (MIG) - equipment

Small Inspection ROV - GRALmarine Underwter dron Max depth – 1000 m Lenght of fibre cable –750/1000 m Weight – 22 kg Payload – only 3 kg 4 HD cameras 135° (simultaneous recording) 4 LED lights – 35 W (each) Max time of work – 3 hours



Multi corer - Sediment sampler

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Biological sampler

No. 3.2 - Case studies on wrecks filled with chemical munitions – Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI)

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Biological sampling


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Biological sampling


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Best practices guide

safety means on board during taking samples

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Meteorological situation


Gdańsk (MIG) - equipment Bornholm Deep – April 2017 on r/v IMOR

• 2 AUVs missions

• 58 potential targets identified

• 43 strong magnetic anomalies in the area of survey

• SBP survey (data still under processing)

• MBES survey

• 4 m Vibrocorer sample

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1 03/2016 – 08/2016

2 09/2016 – 02/2017 X (M 451)

3 03/2017 – 08/2017 07.08-17.08 RV Clupea

09.06-28.06

RV Imor


03.04-15.04 RV Imor


20.09 – 29.09 RV Oceania

X

10.10-30.10 Imor

5 03/2018 – 08/2018 (X) 01.04-30.04

6 09/2018 – 02/2019


3.04 – 5.04 RV Imor



RV IMOR Dynamic Positioning class 1



USBL underwater positioning MBES multibeam echosounder SBES singlebeam echosounder Vibrocorer SSS side scan sonar, MAG magnetometer Underwater ROV vehicle GPS positioning systems Platform of environmental surveys SBP sediment profiler, boomer

WP3

Summary of IO PAS cruises in 2017

4th Project Meeting, Gdynia, 13-15/09/2017

Miłosz Grabowski Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences

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Cruises held by IO PAS team in 2017:

1. Bornholm Deep, Gdansk Deep – March 2017 – r/v Oceania: SSS survey, AUV survey, target inspection with ROV, samples collection 2. Gdansk Deep – April 2017 – r/v Oceania: AUV survey, magnetometric survey

3. Bornholm Deep – April 2017 – together with MIG team – r/v IMOR: MBES survey, SBP survey, AUV survey, magnetometric survey, vibrocorer samples 4. Slupsk Furrow – July 2017 – together with IO RAS team – r/v Akademik N. Strakhov: MBES survey, AUV survey

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1 03/2016 – 08/2016

2 09/2016 – 02/2017 X (M 451)

3 03/2017 – 08/2017 07.08-17.08 RV Clupea

09.06-28.06

RV Imor

14.03-24.03 RV Oceania (BD, GD)

April RV Oceania (GD)

03.04-05.04 RV Imor July RV Akademik N.

Strakhov (SF)


20.09 – 29.09 RV Oceania

X

10.10-30.10 Imor (BD)

5 03/2018 – 08/2018 (X) 01.04-30.04

6 09/2018 – 02/2019


53 1. Bornholm Deep – March 2017 on

r/v Oceania

• 1 big SSS survey • 7 AUVs missions: 5 in primary

dumpsite, 2 in secondary dumpsite


• 8 ROVs dives

secondary dumpsite

primary dumpsite

54 Example data – Bornholm Deep – secondary dumpsite – March 2017

55 1. Gdansk Deep – March 2017 on

r/v Oceania

• 4 successful AUVs missions • 44 potential targets identified

• 2 wrecks in the area

• several ROVs dives

Gdansk Deep

56 Example data – Gdansk Deep March 2017

57 Example data – Gdansk Deep March 2017

wreck

58 2. Gdansk Deep – April 2017 on

r/v Oceania

• 3 AUVs missions • 74 potential targets identified

• 10 strong magnetic anomalies in

the area of survey

59 Example data – Gdansk Deep - April 2017

strong magnetic anomaly

60 3. Bornholm Deep – April 2017 on

r/v IMOR

• 2 AUVs missions


• 43 strong magnetic anomalies in

the area of survey • SBP survey (data still under

processing)

• MBES survey

• Vibrocorer sample

61 Example data – Bornholm Deep - April 2017

strong magnetic anomalies

62 4. Slupsk Furrow – July 2017 on

r/v Akademik N. Strakhov

• 1 AUVs missions


• MBES survey

63 Next cruise: 20-29.09.2017 on r/v Oceania

Spots to visit: • Bornholm Deep

• Kolberger Heide

• Pelzerhaken

• Adlergrund

MSc. Miłosz Grabowski PhD student Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences Phone: +48508737781 e-mail: [email protected]

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Pilot Studies





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Pilot Studies

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Thank you for your attention Dr Eng. Benedykt Hac

Maritime Institute in Gdansk [email protected]

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected],pl

Pilot studies DAIMON

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