Welecome to Presentation

Textile Testing & Quality Control-2

Code :TE-901Submitted to

Shabiha Akther

LecturerDepartment of Textile Engineering

World University of Bangladesh

Department of Textile engineering

Batch:24th

Submitted by A.B.M.SHAMIM FERDOUS

PILLING TESTING&

ABRASION RESISTANCE

PILLING TESTING

Pilling Test Introduction A pill, colloquially known as a bobble, is a small ball of fibers that forms on a piece of cloth. 'Pill' is also a verb for the formation of such balls.

Forming small balls of fuzz on the fabric surface.

Objective of Pilling Test :

1. To verify the quality of the cloth2. Cotton yarn to look at energy3. Verifying the value of pilling4. To determine if the garments are comfortable 5. pilling tests Peeling test in accordance with the

order of the buyer is satisfied buyer

1. ICI pilling box .2. Random tumbling pilling test .3. Martindale Abrasion Tester.

Pilling Test:

1 2 3

ICI pilling box :

ICI pilling box

ICI pilling box specification:

Test Chambers 2/4Size of cylinder Dia 145mm

Speed 1200/rpm,

Dimension 400 x390x 515mm(Lx Wx H)

Power 1∮, AC220V, 3A

Standards ASTM D3512/DIN 53867,/JIS L1076

Optional purchase consumables

Air pump

1. For this test four specimens (125 x 125 mm) are cut from fabric. ( two of them is warp direction, two of them is weft direction)

2. A seam allowance of 12 mm is marked on the back of each square and a seam is sewn on the marked lines.

ICI pilling box :

ICI pilling box

3. All four specimens which are prepared on polyurethane tube are placed in one pilling box.

4. The usual number of revolutions used in the test is 18.000 which takes 5 hours.

ICI pilling box :

The preparation of pilling sample

ICI pilling grades : Ratin

gResult Descriptio

nPoints to be taken into consideration

5 Very Good

No change No visual change

4 Good Slight change

Slight surface fuzzing

3 Fair Moderate change

The specimen may be exhibit one or both of the following :a)Moderate fuzzing b)Isolate d fully form pills

2 Modarote

Significant change

Distinct fuzzing and/ or pilling

1 Poor Severe change

Dense fuzzing and /or pilling which covers the specimen

5 4 3 2 1

PILLING GRADES SCALE :

ICI pilling Assessment :

The specimens are removed from the tubes and viewed using oblique light ing in order to throw the pills into relief.

The samples are then given a rating of between 1 and 5 with the help of the descriptions

Random tumble pilling test :

Random tumble pilling Tester specification:

Pilling drum 2 or 4 headsDimension of inner pilling box 235*235*235(mm)

Speed 60r.p.m

Weight 40Kg

Machine size 875×430×350mm

Standard BS5811 IWSTM152 JIS L 1076 MAS P18A ISO12945-1

Accessories PVC rubber hose 8pcs/16pcs, specimen suite 1 set, power line 1pcs

Optional purchase consumables CORK LINER 1 bag( 4pcs)

Process Three samples are cut at an angle 45 to

lenght of the fabric.All three samples are placed in one test

chamber.The machine is run for 30 minutes.Then the fabric is evaluated by coparing

them.

Random tumble pilling test :

Random tumble pilling test Assessment :

Each pair of specimens is assessed and the grade is noted against the number of rubs although the final pair constitutes the main assessment.

Pilling is graded on a 5-point scale. If the degree of pilling is different on the upper and lower specimens then the upper specimen is assessed:

Grade 5 No or very weak formation of pills Grade 4 Weak formation of pills Grade 3 Moderate formation of pills Grade 2 Obvious formation of pillsGrade 1 Severe formation of pills

ABRASION RESISTANCE

Abrasion resistance is the ability of a fabric to resist surface wear caused by flat rubbing contact with another material.

Academics at Leeds University have described abrasion as :-

“the physical destruction of fibres, yarns, and fabrics, resulting from the rubbing of a textile surface over another surface”.

What is abrasion?

Martindale Abrasion Tester:

Martindale Abrasion Tester

Martindale Abrasion Tester specification:

Specimen Holder 4 position, 6 position, or 8 position (selectable)

Accumulate count 999,999Max stroke Horizontal 60.5±0.5mm; Vertical

24±0.5mm Relative velocity 50 rpm

Sample press hammer weight

2385±10g

Dimensions (L x W x H) 885*640*370mm

Weight 140KGPower supply AC380V, 180W or AC220V, 180W

Process: 1. The specimens are mounted on large (bottom)

and small (top) specimen holder2. Then rubbed against each other (source

sample)3. Two pressures are used : 2.5 cN/cm knitted

fabric.4. 6.5 cN/cm for woven and upholstery fabric.

Martindale Abrasion Tester:

Martindale Abrasion Tester

Martindale Abrasion Tester:

5. In place of std. abradant, the fabric sample is placed in the lower holder.

6. If the degree of pilling is different on the upper and lower holder, the upper specimen is assessed.

7. The number and timing of the cycles depend on the type of fabric tested and would be laid down in the relevant specification.

Martindale Abrasion Tester:

Martindale Abrasion Tester:

1. As a fabric rubs on another fabric.

2. As a fabric rubs against another object.

3. As fibers or yarns within the fabric rub against each other when the fabric bends, flexes, or stretches.

4. As dust, grit, or other particles held within the fabric rub against fibers inside the fabric.

Abrasion Resistance

1. Fibre type2. Fibre properties3. Yarn twist4. Fabric structure

Factors affecting abrasion resistance

1. Fibre type High elongation, elastic recovery, and work of rupture are considered

to be more important factors. (Nylon polymer) Blending of nylon or polyester with wool or cotton improves abrasion resistance.

2. Fibre properties Longer fibres incorporated into fabric confer better abrasion

resistance, because they are harder to remove from yarn. For the same reason filament yarns are more abrasion resistant than staple yarns made from the same fibre. Increasing fibre diameter up to a limit improves abrasion resistance. Above the limit the increasing strains encountered in bending counteract any further advantage and also a decrease in the number of fibres in the cross-section lowers fibre cohesion.

Factors affecting abrasion resistance

3. Yarn twist Optimum twist increases the abrasion resistance. At low twist,

fibres can come out and at high twist more abrasion due to stiffer yarn.

4. Fabric structure If one set of yarn is predominantly on the surface then this set

will wear most. Relative mobility of floats helps to absorb the stress.

Factors affecting abrasion resistance

– Fabric pilling can be overcome by the joint efforts of fiber

manufactures , yarn producers, fabric designers and finishers.

– Any anti pilling treatment must not affect the desirable aesthetic,

comfort and performance properties of fabric.

Conclusion

1. Physical testing of textiles2. http://www.manufacturingsolutionscenter.org/

pilling-resistance-testing.html3. Article on “Abrasion Resistance: the full story” and

“Abrasion Resistance: Consideration for textile specifiers”. http://www.contracttextiles.org/page.jsp?navigation=38

4. http://www.qdu.edu.cn5. http://biotechlearn.org.nz/focus_stories/wool_innovat

ions/video_clips/abrasion_and_pilling_testing_on_nec_fabric

Abrasion Resistance of Materials Edited by Dr Marcin

Adamiak

References