PIL lecture 1 (1)

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USJR. Public International law: Oppenheim, Brierly,Tunkin Brownlie, Hiin!

Reme"ial law you o to rule! o# court, but here in Public International law i! "i$erent. %e will

"i!cu!! International law, accor"in to the &ow o# the !yllabu!.

'. The (r!t o# PI)* The concept an" nature o# International )aw.

+. +n"part International law an" the ommunity.

-. -r"part the relation between International )aw an" municipal )aw

. thPart Source! o# )aw.

By the way cla!!, with rear" to /loria lea0in the Report.. TRO i! e1ecutory, 2otion o#

Recon!i"eration "oe! not !tay the TRO, TRO i! an e1traor"inary relie#, it "oe! not "eal with

the merit! o# the ca!e, the nece!!ity #orm o# TRO to pre0ent! irreparable "amae. The riht

to tra0el i! a con!titutional riht. 3e )ima !ai" the TRO i! e$ecti0e i# you are talkin about

thi! con!titutional riht. . . But !he i! in0okin #or political con!i"eration! i# /loria an" her

hu!ban" lea0e!, it4! ob0iou! that they are beyon" our Juri!"iction.

So now let4! o to our "i!cu!!ion.

%hat i! International law accor"in to Oppenheim:

I know the wor"! are e1tra5or"inary : but we ha0e no other choice to !tu"y PI) e1cept with

what the e1pert! ha0e to !ay..

6ow accor"in to Oppenheim.

International )aw :

I! the bo"y o# cu!tomary an" treaty rule! which are con!i"ere" leally bin"in between

!tate! in their intercour!e with one another.'

Oppenheim "i!tinui!he! International law #rom uni0er!al international law an" particular

international law.

%hat i! :

Uni0er!al International law7 Such part o# the!e rule! ! i! bin"in upon all State!

without e1ception, a!, #or in!tance, the law connecte" with the riht o# leation an"

treatie!.

Particular international law7 7 %hich i! bin"in on two or a #ew State! only.

/eneral International law 7 Bo"y o# rule! a! are bin"in upon reat many State!,inclu"in the lea"in State!. +

%hich you think i! plau!ible amon the three7 Uni0er!al, /eneral, or Particular7

'Oppenheim, International )aw, 8ol. ', pae! 5 9

+Oppenheim, International )aw, 8ol. ', pae 9

Tran!cribe" by : /e!al 2arie rno;a. Ba!e" on PI) UP law Syllabu! #rom tty. )iutan

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oul" we ha0e Uni0er!al International law7

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n" there mu!t, thir"ly be a common con!ent o# that community that the!e rule!

!hall be en#orce" by e1ternal power.

The!e are the re@uirement! #or law to be con!i"ere" )aw. So there i! no more nee" #or

!o0erein political power or court! o# Cu!tice. But then, we !till nee" thi! !o calle" =1ternal

Power*.

%hy , what i! the u!e o# 1ternal power uy!, P7 For the en#orcement o# rule!.

Oppenheim knew that it4! impo!!ible #or !tate! to reconi;e =one* !o0erein political

authority, that4! clear. But he al!o knew that international law to be law i# there i! no entity

that woul" en#orce thi! !et o# con"uct, that i! why he u!e" thi! term P =1ternal Power*.

Aue!tion: In what way "oe! 1ternal power come about7

'. Sel# help: an" inter0ention on the part o# other !tate!

+. war.

-. harter

Sel# help, an" inter0ention on the part o# other State! which !ympathi!e with the

wrone" one, are the mean! by which the rule! o# the )aw o# 6ation! can be an" actually

are en#orce".9%hat i! !el# help7 I# a !tate #eel! arie0e" the !tate will "o !omethin to

protect it!el# throuh the u!e o# #orce. %hat i! inter0ention7 %hen !omethin or a #orein

element come! to your re!cue. For Oppenheim thi! i! coul" be a mani#e!tation o#

1ternal power.

1ample they !et a rule that mu!t be #ollowe" by !tate!, now !tate B wrone" State .

ha" it been in the conte1t o# tra"itional 0iew o# law, !tate woul" o to the political

!o0erein authority an" a!k #or help, but accor"in to Oppenheim that i! not nee"e"anymore in international law, bec !tate it!el# coul" "o !omethin, State coul" take the

role o# !o0erein political authority, or inter0ention, !tate , State 3, will o to State 4!

re!cue.

%ar: or the u!e o# #orce. you "on4t nee" a !o0erein political authority, I# a !tate i!

wrone" that !tate coul" u!e #orce

harter: which pro0i"e! #or a !y!tem o# !anction! #or repre!!in the 0iolation o# it!

principal obliation.

So "oe! a charter take! the place o# a !o0erein political authority 7 ccor"int to

Oppenheim that i! only one o# the mani#e!tation o# thi! e1ternal power which take! theplace o# !o0erein political authority.

%hat i! the ba!i! o# PI)7 ommon con!ent.

9Oppenheim, International )aw, 8ol. ', pae '-


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Common consenta! the Ba!i! o#

International )aw 5 by Oppenheim


ommon con!ent, can there#ore only mean the express or tacitcon!ent o# !uch an

o0erwhelmin maCority o# the member! that tho!e who "i!!ent are o# no importance a!

compare" with the community 0iewe" a! an entity in contra"i!tinction to the will! o# it!

!inle member!.G

In international law , common con!ent i! mani#e!te" throuh cu!tom!, 0irtual u!ae o#

certain rule!, an" (nally "e0elopment o# !y!temati;e" bo"y o# rule! , !auna cu!tom! lan,

what "o you mean cu!tomary meanin bein practice" or na5an"an, it woul" ra"uate to

0irtual u!ae, !tate b, #ollow!, !tate c #ollow!, then other !tate!, an" then mu ra"uate

(nally into a !y!temati;e" bo"y o# rule!, !o "ili ra cu!tom, but i !uwat into writin thi! will

be our !et o# rule!.

Brierly

Brierly, The Ba!i! o# Obliation in International )aw ,

Hi! point i! thi! what are the way! State! come into obliation in international law a!i"e

i0in it! con!ent to be boun" by it.

1ample there i! an e!tabli!he" international law on the matter

Un!a pinaka late!t na country !a worl"7 South Su"an, late!t entry to the thir" worl"

countrie!, cla!! why are we calle" -r"worl" countrie!, not +n"worl"7 %hy it wa! the e$ect o#

the col" war . USSR an" her allie! compete" aain!t US an" their allie!. There were

competin #or what place7 The (r!t worl" !tature, bi!an ma pil"i automatic ma himo +n"

worl". Pero kita wala ta labot, away ayaw mo "ha ba!ta kami - r"worl" lan hapun..

6ow. what are the way! State! come into obliation in international law a!i"e i0in it!

con!ent to be boun" by it.

new !tate become !ubCect to international law a! a matter o# cour!e without their con!ent,

your application to become a !tate . %hich roup o# people i! now applyin #or !tatehoo"7

Pale!tine. They went to the U6 a!kin #or "eclaration o# !tatehoo", But Unite" State! !ai"

not !o #a!t bec US i! a patron o# which country7 I!rael.. la!! I "on4t like to be an I!rael.

There are billion! o# people who want! to kill you in your own neihborhoo", I!rael mo!t

!ecure" place on earth, amay lan !ecurity breach, "ahan bomber!, mi!!ile! on earth..

they can4t a$or" to lo!t a;a !trip becau!e it will not i0e enouh parameter! on it!"e#en!e!.

/oin back when you apply #or !tatehoo": a !tate become! boun" or to #ollow international

law

GOppenheim, International )aw, 8ol. ', pae 'D


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International lawa! a !y!tem o# leal norm! an" that international law

!houl" be taken a! a unit, each element o# which i! interrelate" with other


6e1t Heelian "octrine o# !el# limitation o# the !tate: !tate may create law #or it!el# both in

internal an" e1ternal a$air!..

The mo!t hihly !y!temati;e" #orm o# the con!en!ual theory i! the Heelian "octrine o# !el#

limitation o# the !tate a! "e0elope" by more mo"ern author!, in particular by Jellinek.

ccor"in to Jellinek the peculiar #aculty o# a !tae i! !el#5"etermination , an" thi! #acultyin0ol0e! another, that o# !el#5limitation, whereby a !tate may create law #or it!el# both in

internal an" e1ternal a$air!.D -r" when !tate! #eel the obliation to #ollow the rule! o#

international law.

ain: %hat are the way! State! come into obliation in international law a!i"e i0in it!

con!ent to be boun" by it.

'. !tate become! part o# International law a! a matter o# cour!e, there i! nothin a !tate

can "o but be boun" by international law

+. !tate may create law #or it!el# both in internal an" e1ternal a$air! in it! con"uct with other

!tate!

-. when !tate! #eel the obliation to #ollow the rule! o# international law.

Tunkin, International )aw in the International Sy!tem p.

ccor"int to Tunkin : The !y!tem o# international law i! a reality in it!el#

, be#ore there wa! thi! tra"itional "i0i!ion o# international law into law peace 9E an" law o#

war 9E . but why "o we ha0e arme" con&ict, becau!e that i! part o# human nature, but thi!

i! the e1ception to law o# co5e1i!tence an" law o# cooperation. Be#ore 9E law o# war, an"

9E law o# peace.But now we only ha0e law co5e1i!tence an" law o# co5operation !o 'EE

law o# peace. So war an" arme" con&ict! are antithetical to co5e1i!tence an" cooperation

International )aw in the International Sy!tem pae ?E :

K11 11The @ue!tion ari!e! to what ha! become o# the principal "i0i!ion o# international law

into two part!: The law o# peace an" the law o# war, which wa! characteri!tic o# the pre0iou!

hi!torical type! o# international law. Thi! "i0i!ion wa! proper to international law whenrecour!e to war by State! in their relation! wa! permitte". ccor"in to thi! international law

State! ha" a choice between peace an" war. The only !tate o# relation! amon State! that

DBrierly, The Ba!i! o# Obliation in International )aw ,pae '-.


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corre!pon"! to international law i! the !tate o# peace an" co5operation. There i!, there#ore

no "i0i!ion in the pre!ent5"ay international law into the law o# peace an" the law o# war.

Howe0er to prohibit the recour!e to war "oe! not mean to aboli!h war!.%ar! !till occur an

the rule! o# international law rear"in the con"uct o# ho!tilitie! an" relate" @ue!tion! are

nece!!ary. There i! no a"e@uate "enomination #or thi! !mall part o# international law. It i!o#ten calle" =the law o# arme" con&ict!*.

Pro#e!!or %. Frie"mann ha! !ue!te" a new "i0i!ion o# contemporary international law into

two principal part!: the law o# co5e1i!tence an" the law o# co5operation. In hi! e!!ay! =The

hanin Structure o# International )aw Frie"man #ormulate" =the principal the!i!* o# hi!

0iew! in the #ollowin term!:

=L In International law it i! to"ay o# both theoretical an" practical importance to "i!tinui!h

between the international law o# Mco5e1i!tence4, o0ernin e!!entially "iplomatic inter!tate

relation!, an" the international law o# co5operation, e1pre!!e" in the rowin !tructure o#

international orani;ation an" the pur!uit o# common human intere!t.*?

ccor"in to Tunkin uy! there are two le0el!: Uni0er!al an" reional, al!o it coul" be

eneral international law an" particular international law.

%hat "o you mean by eneral international law

It re!ult! to coor"ination o# the will o# all or almo!t all !tate!

%hat i! JPP i! that particular or eneral I)7 So thi! i! Particular I)

%hat about prohibition o# the u!e o# #orce7 /eneral I), that i! ob0iou!

Particular norm!, !ol0e" particular problem!, becau!e eneral norm! are not !uNcient to

"eal with particular relation! between !tate!. like JPP ,

But thouh pro0i!ion! o# %TO i! eneral international law.

Brownlie, The Reality an" Ncacy o# International )aw,

%ith all it! #ault! , international law i! the be!t tool a0ailable #or "ealin with the a$air! o#

State!.>

It i! imper#ect, becau!e there i! no international political !o0erein, ye! imper#ect,but it i!e1i!tin. %hy imper#ect7T he con!e@uence o# relati0e ineNciency o# "ome!tic law in

?Tunkin, International )aw in the International Sy!tem pae ?E

>Brownlie, The Reality an" Ncacy o# International )aw, pae ?


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en#orcin treaty !tan"ar"!'E, like u!e o# #orce prohibite" in U6 charter, !ine" by mo!t

State!.

On the 0i"ence the law pro0i"e! a more practical ba!i! #or approachin international

problem! an" the !ettlement o# "i!pute! than, #or e1ample, natural law in it! 0ariou! #orm!,

I!lamic Curi!pru"ence, the principle! o# !ociali!t internationali!m, or !o calle" Me@uity4

''

%hen the law i! !een to be Mine$ecti0e4, the cau!e i! not Mthe law4 but the ab!ence o#

orani;ation, political will, !uNcient per!onnel or #un"in, an" !o #orth. )aw whether

national or international, i! not a !ource o# alibi! #or politician! an" a"mini!trator!

Hiin!, Problem! an" Proce!!: International )aw an" How %e U!e" It '>>Q

Hiin!, #or me thi! i! more timely rele0ant. So what i! international law #or Hiin!,

remember the @ue!tion in the Bar, who i! the current pre!i"ent o# the IJ, "o you remember

that in#amou! @ue!tion7The an!wer i! , !he i! the an!wer Ro!alyn Hiin!, +EEG to +EE> !he

!er0e" a! pre!i"ent o# The IJ.

International law i! not a !et o# rule!, but a proce!!, the entire "eci!ion makin proce!!.

International law i! not rule!. It i! a normati0e !y!tem'+.

ll orani;e" roup! an" !tructure! re@uire a !y!tem o# normati0e con"uct, ..

International law a! a normati0e !y!tem, harne!!e" to the achie0ement o# common 0alue!.

Hiin!, Problem! an" Proce!!: International )aw an" How %e U!e" It '>>Q:

The 0iew that International law i! a bo"y o# rule! that #ail! to re!train !tate! #all! !hort on

!e0eral count!.

In the (r!t place, it a!!ume! that law i! in"ee" Mrule!4. But the !peciali;e" !ocial proce!! to

which the wor" Mlaw4, but not the only part. I remain committe" to the analy!i! o#

'E

Brownlie, The Reality an" Ncacy o# International )aw, pae -''Brownlie, The Reality an" Ncacy o# International )aw, pae ?

'+Hiin!, Problem! an" Proce!!: International )aw an" How %e U!e" It '>>Q,

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International law i!not rules. It i! anormati0e !y!tem.by Hiin!

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international law a! proce!! rather than rule! an" to the 0iew I e1pre!!e" many year! ao

,when I !ai":

%hen.. "eci!ion! are ma"e by authori;e" per!on! or oran!, in appropriate #orum!, within

the #ramework o# certain e!tabli!he" practice! an" norm!, then what occur! i! leal "eci!ion

makin. In other wor"!, international law i! a continuin proce!! o# authoritati0e "eci!ion!.Thi! 0iew reCect! the notion o# law merely a! the impartial application o# rule!.

International law i! the entire "eci!ion5makin proce!!, an" not Cu!t the re#erence to the

tren" o# pa!t "eci!ion! which are terme" Mrule!4.

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e1pert! in international law li0e" in the library that i! why you can notice the lanuae.. So

cla!! pa ba!a mo, you are not only rea"in #or thi! !ubCect but al!o #or the bar.


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