Pigment Overview 26-5-2015

Table of Contents

Definition & Selection

Inorganic pigments

Organic pigments

Applications

Very fine powdered chemicals dispersed in the polymers

Poor dispersion results in a weaker colour and often a grainy surface

Inorganic pigments are mineral based, i.e. Metal Oxides & Sulphides

Organic pigments are chemical compounds, less heat stable and more

difficult to disperse. Usually give richer and more vivid colours. Less

pigment is required

Pigments are water-and oil-insoluble natural and synthetic products that

impart color to materials

Definition-Pigments

Pigments are molecules that absorb specific wavelengths (energies) of light

and reflect all others.

Definition-Pigments

Pigment selection

Pigments

Color

Processability

Properties

Properties

Durability and Cost

Environmental

Pigments

Inorganic

True pigment

Extender Pigments

Organic

Lakes

Toners

Classification

Classification - Inorganic pigments

Classification - Inorganic pigments

White pigments are the major contributors in paint formulation, and the most

widely used

COLORED INORGANIC fall into one of four group: pigment lead chromates,

metal oxides, sulfides, or sulfoselenides with a few miscellaneous pigments

that do not fit into one of these classes such as cobalt blue, ultramarine blue,

iron blue, and bismuth vanadate yellow

Metallic pigments provide brilliance finishes

Extender pigments are used to replace the more expensive prime pigment

and to reduce gloss of clear coating and to impart thinning flow properties to

coatings

Classification - Organic pigments

Impart colour by selective and/or scattering of visible light

Characteristics of organic pigments: lightness in weight, small particle size,

bright colour and fatness

Industrial applications: most widespread use in printing inks, paints and

plastics. In high technology industries, photo-reprographic, opto-electronic

displays, and optical data storage

Organic oranges and yellows

Classification - Organic pigments

Organic Reds

Organic Blues and Greens

Black pigment

Organic pigments vs Inorganic Pigments

Particular Inorganic Pigment Organic pigment

Color Dull Bright

Color strength Low High

Opacity Opaque Transparent

Light Fastness Good Poor to good

Heat Fastness Good Poor to good

Chemical Fastness Poor Very Good

Solubility Insoluble Limited

Degree of safety May be unsafe Usually safe

Industrial applications

Paint application


Colouring plastics


Insulator fillers had been incorporated to traditional CB millbase in the polymer matrix. GO

millbase showed the better effect in passivation of CB conduction path of the polymer matrix.

As a result of dielectric properties target, there was in tune to low dielectric constant and high

optical density.


Sectional view of black matrix in TFT-LCD

Black matrix and column spacer integration in TFT-LCD manufacturing is on demand.

High barrier, low dielectric constant and maintaining high optical density.

FE-SEM images of spin coated films of (a) CB millbase (b) GO millbase, (c) GO-CB

millbase @10k and (d) GO/CB millbase @50k.


Dielectric constant of films containing

bare CB, GO, PANI-CB, and GO-CB.

Optical density of films with bare CB, PANI-

CB and GO-CB.


Table of Contents

Current Market Challenges

Objectives

Understanding Mould in the Leather &

Footwear Industry

Solutions

CURRENT MARKET

CHALLENGES

CURRENT MARKET CHALLENGES

Mould issue has become more of a concern within the footwear & leather industry in recent years?

Climate changes leading to wetter and more humid condition in many production countries.

Introduction of legislations restricting the use of certain active ingredients commonly used in mould prevention agents, potentially leading to the

reduced performance

The introduction of the EU Biocidial Product Regulation No. 528/2012

The introduction of the EU REACH Regulation No. 552/2009 DMF: REACH Limited Level:

UNDERSTANDING MOULD IN THE

LEATHER & FOOTWEAR

INDUSTRIES

Certain types of moulds that are found on materials and products

There are 11 types of moulds normally found in the industry, some examples are as follows. - Aspergillus

Niger, Oospores, Rhizopus Oryzae.

The danger of moulds within the footwear industry

Bad odours will effect the quality of the products

Certain moulds are toxic, these can cause health problems

Fast growing & spread rapidly

Very difficult to remove mould spores from products & factories

Mould spores can be found anywhere within the surrounding environment

Where are mould spores found?

Spores can be found everywhere & can travel in the air to the surrounding environment.

The best environmental factors for mould growth

Dark areas

Temperature: 25~37oC;

High humidity

60% RH (Most of the mould can easily grow 80% RH);

Air

Nutrients (Food Source)

UNDERSTANDING MOULD

There are 3 risk levels of materials that are prone to mould growth.

High Risk:

Organic matters i.e. Leather, Wood, Cotton, Rubber, Latex.

Moderate Risk:

Synthetic materials: i.e. Synthetic rubbers, Synthetic fabrics.

Low Risk:

Inorganic substances: i.e. Metal, Stone, Glass.

Ris

k L

evel

Areas mould can grow easily on footwear.

Mould growth within Mesh

Mould growth can increase dramatically where sealing

adhesives are used.

Mould growth on leather uppers.

HOW TO PREVENT MOULD

GROWTH?

Supplier Chain for Footwear & Leather Goods

MOULD PREVENTION SOLUTION

Managing each high risk point during

production procedures

Condition control & Management control

Using Anti-Mould agents

References

1. Inorganic Colored Pigments, Lewis, Peter A. ASTM

International

2. Colored Organic Pigments, Lewis, Peter A. ASTM International

3. High optical density and low dielectric constant black matrix

containing graphene oxide and carbon black on color filters,

T.S. Bui, Jin-Young Bae, Displays. 192-119, 2013

4. Patent EP 2020879 A2, Article of footwear with lightweight

sole assembly

5. SGS Mould Prevention Solution

Pigment Overview 26-5-2015

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