Picture Walk in Visual Literacy

Visual Literacy

Debbie Abilock, NoodleTools, Inc.21st Century Learning Hong Kong (21CLHK)

January 25, 2013

Two ways of knowingwith different cognitive strategies

• Written text is governed by the logic of time or temporal sequence whereas visual images are governed by spatiality, composition, and simultaneity (Kress, 2003).

• In addition, meaning is derived from position in the temporal sequence of written text, whereas meaning is derived from the spatial relations or grammar of visual images (Kress & van Leeuwen, 1996).

From observing to constructing meaningWhat we notice What it might mean Implications

Read, understand, evaluate, create

Winter, Damon. March on Jena, La. 20 Sept. 2007. New York Times. New York Times, 21 Sept. 2007. Web. 15 Dec. 2010. <http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2007/09/20/us/20070921JENA_8.html>.

Body Language

Candia, Robert. Chile Prison Fire. 8 Dec. 2010. AP Images. AP, 8 Dec. 2010. Web. 5 May 2010. 101208042875

Maurer, Daniel. Germany Government. 6 Jan. 2011. AP Images. AP, 6 Jan. 2011. Web. 5 May 2010. 11010614683 >.

Yu, Vincent. South Korea Koreas Nuclear. 12 Mar. 2003. AP Images. AP, 8 Dec. 2010. Web. 12 Mar. 2003. 03031203828 >.

“The bridegroom leaps and bounds like an acrobat strutting, swaggering, showing off for his bride.”

SnooK irlone

~ Ma/1jfy/1 Nelso/l Iljll.dM II~/I~1 Ti IIlothy Basil E/I/~~ Abba Jacob splashed out.

He ran to meet the barking somersault

that leaped into his arms.

"Oh, Snook," he said. "Good dog!"

Snook whimpered against his friend's chest.

He licked his chin. his ears. Abba Jacob laughed.

"You silly. 'orriblt: littlt: beastie. you.

Questions for a “Picture Walk”• What catches your eye first?• How do the books' physical components relate to the content?• Where is the text located on the page? • How do the illustrations spreads, single-page images,

collages, overlapping images, or portraits convey the content?• Where is the viewer positioned?• Do the images in the book change from beginning to end?• What is foregrounded, and what is included in the

background?• What are the dominant colors? • How is white, or negative, space used? • Are there recurring image patterns (motifs, symbols)?• Are there elements that seem odd?• What is large? Why are certain elements larger than others?

Problems with “picture walks”

“During a picture walk, the illustrations and design elements of a picture book are often reduced to serving as prompts for reading the written text, rather than as a system of meaning in their own right (Serafini & Ladd, 2008).”

Serafini, Frank. "When Bad Things Happen to Good Books." Reading TeacherDec.-Jan. 2011/ 2012: 238-41. Print.

The “grammar” of images

• Elements – line, scale, shape, texture, patterns, light

• Arrangement– balance, contrast, dominance /subordination,

emphasis, movement, repetition, rhythm, variation, unity

The angle

Where are [ you ] standing?

Eye moves from side to side – spacious and stable

© Debbie Abilock

© Debbie Abilock

Eye moves from near to far

Vertical image exaggerates depth and distance

“The same text is interpreted differently depending on context.”Harry Farid, Digital Forensics, Computer Science Dept. Dartmouth

Hoshiko, Eugene. China Rich at 60. 11 Aug. 2009. AP Images. AP, 29 Sept. 2009. Web. 5 May 2010. 090811065979

Light

What is illuminated?Where is the light source?

Hine, Lewis. Manuel the young shrimp picker, 5 years old and a mountain of child labor oyster shells behind him. He worked last year. Understands not a word of English. Biloxi, Miss. 20 Feb. 1911. National Archives. National Archives and Records Administration, 2006. Web. 19 Dec. 2010. <http://www.archives.gov/research/arc/topics/labor.html>.

Warren, Jon. "Cambodia - Garbage Pickers." Images of Child Labor. Child Labor and the Global Village: Photography for Social Change, 2003. Web. 15 Dec. 2012. <http://www.childlaborphotoproject.org/warren.html>.

Yunsheng, Geng. Young coal miner in the Wumeng Mountains. [2001-2005]. Coal + Ice. Web. 1 Oct. 2011. <http://sites.asiasociety.org/coalandice/ photographers/>.

Caption: “Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, third from left, prayed during the first Friday prayers of the holy month of Ramadan in the West Bank city of Ramallah on Friday.” New York Times Photo Gallery 2007

Nichols, Michael. Jou Jou, captive chimpanzee reaches out it's hand to Dr. Jane Goodall. 8 Apr. 2008. National Geographic. National Geographic Society, n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2010. <http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/ wallpaper/photography/photos/milestones-wildlife-photography/goodall-touch/>.

Lines

Where do your eyes go?What patterns do you see?

Jeffrey, Paul. A boy scavenges in the municipal garbage dump in Chennai, India. He and other boys who work in the dump spend their nights safely in a shelter sponsored by the Madras Christian Council of Social Service. Images by Paul Jeffrey. KairosPhotos, n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2012. <http://kairosphotos.photoshelter.com/gallery-image/India-children-garbage-pickers/G0000ytq_14jGFlk/I0000XSxQiHk_NKg/

C0000_PhPeDw7ock>.

Dana, Felipe. Brazil Elections. 29 Sept. 2010. AP Images. AP, 29 Sept. 2010. Web. 10 May 2010. 100929022349

Pet:er McCart:y

Stieglitz, Alfred. The Steerage. 1933. Alfred Stieglitz Collection. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. 33.43.419. Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. Web. 11 Feb. 2013. <http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/33.43.419>.

Crowley, Stephen. Joseph R. Biden Jr., Senate Foreign Relations Committee chairman, questioned General David Petraeus about the war in Iraq, as Senators Christopher J. Dodd and John Kerry listened. 2007. New York Times. New York Times, 31 Dec. 2007. Web. 19 Dec. 2010. <http://www.nytimes.com/packages/html/photo/2007_YIP_FEATURE/index.html#washington>.

Moussa, Hatem. Mideast Israel Palestinians. 1 Oct. 2004. AP Images. AP, 1 Oct. 2004. Web. 5 May 2010. 041001016991

“intertextuality”

We recognize visual references in one source that refer to an earlier one.

Natharius, David. "The More We Know, the More We See: The Role of Visuality in Media Literacy." American Behavioral Scientist 48.2 (2004): 238-47. Web. 25 Dec. 2010. <http://abs.sagepub.com/content/48/2/238.abstract>.

Bruegel, Pieter. Children's Games. 1560. Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna. Elliott Avedon Virtual Museum of Games. Web. 18 Dec. 2010. <http://www.gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca/VirtualExhibits/Brueghel/index.html>.

Collodi, C. The Adventures of Pinocchio. Illus. Attilio Mussino. Trans. Carol Della Chiesa. 1925. New York: Collier-Macmillan, 1969. Print.

Balilty, Oded. Mideast Israel Palestinians. 27 May 2010. AP Images. AP, 27 May 2010. Web. 10 Jan. 2011. 10052719895

“The underlying goal of the encyclopedia is to promote knowledge that leads to human happiness, well-being, world peace.”

Movement

Which direction?What effect?

The White Church, Hornitos, CA (1946)

"The White Church, Hornitos, CA." CARE. Collaborative Arts Resources for Education, n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2010. <http://www.carearts.org/lessons/ image-bank/o-1/the-white-church-hornitos-ca.html>.

“No one looked down…”

Balilty, Oded. A Jewish settler struggles with an Israeli security officer as authorities evacuate a West Bank settlement near the Palestinian town of Ramallah after Israel’s Supreme Court cleared the way for the demolition of nine homes at the site. Feb. 2006. Associated Press. AP, 16 Apr. 2007. Web. 19 Dec. 2010. <http://www.ap.org/pages/about/pulitzer/pulitzer.html>.

The context

Which image is chosen?

Lange, Dorothea. Destitute pea pickers in California. Mother of seven children. Age thirty-two. Nipomo, California. Feb. 1936. Prints & Photographs Online Catalog. Lib. of Congress, 2006. Web. 19 Dec. 2010. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/fsa1998021539/PP/>

EL MERCURIO .... ,A ...,u..

Transmision tele\risiv.1 se convierle en hilo mundial de 1.1S comunica.ciones:

Un rescate perfecto

Pn:s idente Pi.[iera inie ~'1 gira a Europa. m.u'od.l por el aito e inler~ en el s:ll valaj e min em

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Mario SepUlveda sera capitan de telefonistas en la Teleton

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“Screaming silences”

Which images are missing?

The context

Where is it embedded?Why is it there?

lelegraph CO uk 0;;,)

620 x 387 - Mohammed Morsi grants himself sweeping new powers in wake of Gaza

SIlTlllar More sIZes

Monroe, Mary Alice. Turtle Summer: A Journal for My Daughter. Illus. Barbara J. Bergwerf. Mt. Pleasant, SC: Sylvan Dell, 2007. N. pag. Print.

Tha~ks to:

Bilrbar. Sthroeder of NOM's Natio~al Mari~e Fisheries ~rvl(e

Offic~ of Protected Resour(u for ve"fvi~g the accuracy

of the information j~ this book

Educators and husbandry staff at the South Caroli~a Aquarium

for identifvi~g shells. birds. and plants

Ni(hol.sJohannes for his "day nester" photos

Kelly Thorvalson. and Susan and Lauren Geddings for their help modeling

Publ,,"er\ Cataloglng-In-Publication D,'~ "'OO",,", "'aryAlic~

Tu,tle ,ummer: ajou,nal lor my daugh,er / r..t~ry Alice Mon",,": Iphotog,.ph, by111.lrn.raj. k'gwe,l, .ket,h ... ;llumal'on.,

and la)'OlJ' ~I>g" by liu Downey. I32J p.' col. ill., em

ISBN: 978 O·977HH-5-6 (ha,deo,",.) ISBN 978-0-9777423-7-0,pbU

1. logge,head tu,tle--At"'"'" Coa>l'U.S.Hu,",n,lt I,(t,.ru,e. 1. Se.ru"I .... A(I."to< COlt.( {U.S.}·)uvt"'" I"t,otu,,". 3.logg. ,hnd wnle

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Tu, Copyright " 2007 by Mary Alice Mon,oe Photograph Copyrighl " 2007 by II.l,N,aj. k.gwerl

Sketc ..... illustrll,on •. and layout de.'gn by lis. Downev

Tltt ·Fo. Creati'"' Mind,' ~u<atlo""l ,echon m.y be copied by t'" Owner lor personal u,e 0' bv educato .. u,lng cOpit> in d .. "oom .ttl,ng,

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Outing, Steve, and Laura Ruel. "The Best of Eyetrack III: What We Saw When We Looked through Their Eyes." Eyetrack III. Poynter Online, 2003. Web. 25 Dec. 2010. <http://www.poynterextra.org/eyetrack2004/main.htm>.

Reading visually

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• Clear menus• Clean, simple – not

flashy and busy• Appreciate

multimedia but not “blasted”

• Easy to scan

Nielsen, Jacob. "College Students on the Web: User Experience Guidelines." Alertbox 15 Dec. 2010: n. pag. Web. 29 Dec. 2010.

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o H ARK E R® LIBRARIES Ubfllry ,. UbGuides ,. Inlernalionalls!UleS and Public Policy Admin Silln In

International Issues and Public Policy This upper school guide provides a methodolgy and resources for researching contemporary topics in the IntemaUonallssues and Public PoliCY elective

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Welcome to the home page for your International Issues and Public Policy research projeci. This guide will help you plan your research and link you to resources, There will be several milestones for the project but our goal is to prepare you to conduct independent research in college and monitor your own progress along the way.

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I IOttoman Empire I From Wikipedia, the free en cyd opedia

IThe Ottoman Empire (Ottoman Turkish: -:,...; q.:..;Jjl Dev/et-i 'A/iyye-yi ·O~maniyye. 15) Modern

Turkish: VOce Osmanlt Devleti or Osmanll imparatorlugu) was an empire that lasted from 27 July

I 1299t' 1 to 29 October 1923.

IAt the height of its power, in the 16th and 17th centuries, the empire spanned three continents ,[7J

controlling much of Southeastern Europe, Western Asia and North Africa.ISI The Ottoman Empire

I contained 29 provinces and numerous vassal states, some of which were later absorbed into the

empire , while others were granted various types of autonomy during the course of centuries . The empire

I also temporarily gained authority over distant overseas lands through declarations of allegiance to the

Ottoman Sultan and Caliph, such as the declaration by the Sultan of Aceh in 1565; or through the

I temporary acquisitions of islands in the Atlantic Ocean, such as Lanzarote in 1585.191

I With Istanbul as its capital city,l l0.l l l and vast control of lands around the eastern Mediterranean

during the reign of $uleiman the Magnificent (ruled 1520 to 1566), the empire was at the center of

l interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries.

The Ottoman Empire came to an end, as a regime under an imperial monarchy, on November 1,

1 1922.1 12111 formally ended, as a de Jure state. on July 24 , 1923, under the Treaty of Lausanne.(13) It was

I succeeded by the Republic of Turkey 141 which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923.

The empire was also known in English as the Osmanic Empire, the Osmanian Empire or the

I Ottoman State and Osmanh imparatorlugu in Turkish . Some referred 10 il colloquially as the

I Turkish Empire or simply Turkey (see the other names of the Ottoman State).

I 1 History

Contents (hide)

I 1.1 Rise (1299-1453)

I I I I I I

1.2 Growth (1453-1683) 1.2.1 Expansion and aporJee (1453-1566)

1.2.2 Revolts and revivat (1566-1683)

1.3 StarJnation and reform (1683-1827)

1.4 Dedine and modernization (1828-1908)

1.5 Dissolution (1908-1922) 1.5.1 FirstWorldWar(1914-1918)

1.5.2 Turkish War of Independence (1919-1922)

1.5.3 ottoman descendants during and after the exile

2 Fall of the Empire

3 Economy

.... 4State

t l,

---------I I

I

~ I

~~.,:.i.jj Devlet·i 'Aliyye.i 'Osmaniyye

Yiice Osmanll Devleti Sublime Ottoman State

1299-1923

(0 . FO, Coat of arm5

Motto

~ .:....~~

Devlet-i Ebed-niiddet (The Eternal State)

Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem

~ I Otlonwl lemloriH ~ecI ber"'ftI\ 1300 ~ 1&83 (See. fist of

- - - -I~) - - --

Eras

OVERVIEW

ACnVtTY'-'-___ _

DlSCUSSIOII

ARTICLES

MEDIA, VISUALS, & MAPS

Eras IThe Ottoman Empire I

The Rise of the Ottomans (Overview) -~e Ottomans started as one Turkish tribe among many in ASia Minor (the

ten insula thai forms most of modem Turkey) during the 13th century AD. From

' hose humble beginnings, they rose to establish a powerful empire that lasted for t enturies. A dramatic interweaving of cultures fostered by war. trade. and ethnic

migration, the Ottoman Emptre eventually stretched across the Near East and

lnuCh of Europe.

~rigin s

~sia Minor has always been a crossroads of cultures . During the 11th to 15th

PRIIlT Tlfl S DOCUMEIH

EMAIL 1l-IlS DOCUMENT

CITE TlfIS OOCUMEIIT

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ -t::enturies. tribes in Asia Minor found themselves in the middle of an ongoing

power struflgle between the waning Byzantine Empire to the northwest , the

Seljuk Turks to the east. the II-Khamd dynasty of Mongols farther to the east.

and the MamJuks of Egypt and Syria to the south.

Clic k to Enla rge I±I

Trade was :also a major factodn shaping the society. politics. and economy of the region . As the bridge between Asia

and Europe,. Asia Minor was crossed by caravan routes and peppered with merchant towns . Riches from much of the

world collected there. spices , precious metals. fine textiles , coffee , and more. The wealth brought in by trade would fuel

the rising Ottoman Empire for centuries. Trade also brought a great mixture of peoples. Turkish peoples mixed with

Greeks . Ar.abs , Mongols. and even Chinese, who all brought their own religions. cultures . and languages to the peninsula.

,------;;,--------, The SelJuks ruled over Asia Minor until the 13th century, when their collapse left the tribal

groups of the peninsula to compete for power. Osman I. ruler of a principality near

Byzantine territory. immediately started to extend his influence over the surrounding lands

Click to Enla rge IE

and tribes . Military might and politically advantageous marriages quickly cemented his

control. Osman's location in north-central Asia Minor also gave his tribe a tremendous

advantage. They were very near the Dardanelles and within striking distance of the

Bosporus-two straits that were gateways to Europe

Osman and his followers . who laler became known as the Ottomans. claimed territory

under the ghazf tradition, the struggle to advance the power of Islam. As Osman's strength and notoriety rose , he drew

more soldie!rs willing to fight for their raith-as well as for booty-under the Ottoman banner

Early Exp,m sion

All Referen~ mages Prmary Sources AcacJelTllC Journals "'ore.

@ World ~ US t) Both Wort! & US

Ottoman Empire - -----., I

The Ottoman Empire (1299-1923) was a Turkish·Musllm state that eXisted for more than SIX hundred years. It was one of the largest and longest-lived empires in history, and it represented one of the greatest civHlzatiOnsl:>f the mOdern period. Its territories , at fts height. included AnatoHa (part of present-day Turkey), the Middle East. parts of East and North Africa , and southeastern Europe. comprising a total area of more !tIan 22 million squcle Kilometers (aoout 8.5 million square miles) The Ottoman state was estaOlished oy a tribe of ognuz TurKS as one of many small Turkish principalities that emerged in Anatolia during the Mongolian breakdown of the Anatolia~ SeljuK State. The state was ruled by the Ottoman dynasty of the Kayi tribe. The dynasty was founded oy Osm n I (ca. 1258-1324; in EngliSh, Olloman) in SOgJ.Ot, in the Marmara region of modern Turkey. Situated on the borders of the tottering Byzantine., .View More

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Part 5: Treaties : Limitation of Egyptian Arms 11841-1879)

Encyclopedia of AffllS Control and Dlsaffllament, 1879 The Ottoman Turks sought to employ arms control techniques during the nineteenth century to maintain their rule over the empire's most prized province , Egypt . at a time that local

governors , or Pashas , sought not only ...

Ottoman Empire : Oid the Collapse of the Ottoman Empire .. . History In Dispute, 2002 .. The Ottoman Empire, like other multiethnic polities , underwent an identity crisis during the nineteenth century as two competing forms of nationalism influenced It . ' State nationalism."

like its counterpart in the ...

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Fogg, B. J., et al. How Do People Evaluate a Web Site’s Credibility? Results from a Large Study. Consumer Reports WebWatch. Consumer Union, 11 Nov. 2002. Web. 5 Feb. 2011. <http://www.consumerwebwatch.org/pdfs/stanfordPTL.pdf>.

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Vollume 15 Number 52: 26 December 2012 New issue posted every Wednesday

To receive weekly summaries of C02 Science by XML/RSS _._ .......... _~ feed, click here.

Major Report The State of Earth's Terrestrial Biosphere : How is it Responding to Rising Atmospheric C02 and Warmer Temperatures? : Climate alarmists have long suggested it is in dire straits. Real-world observations, on the other hand, revea l that vegetative productivity and growth have been significantly increasing over the past century or more.

Contribute to the Center Click Here to Donate : We need your financial support! As a SOl( c)(3) public charity, the Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change accepts corporate, foundation and individual donations to fund its educational activities. All donations are kept confidential. If you have brow sed our website or utilized our material in the past year, please consider making a financial contribution during this holiday season. Your contribution is greatly appreciated.

Editorial Eight Decades of Glacier Movements in Southeast Greenland: Have the ice masses been uniformly wastingavJay and retreating?

Journal Reviews Drifting Along with the CMIP3 Models: ... as they carry their creators on a frustratingly wild ride that is often far removed from rea lity.

The Ability to Identify Category 4 and 5 Atlantic Hurricanes v ith Mid-20th-Century Tools: Were the tools of that earlier age good enough to do a good enough j ob?

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AnalysIs of US and State-b. -State Carbon Dioxide Emissions & Potential ' ~Saving "in Future Global

Tem~~~~ur~ & ... §~.~~~~_~~~._~~. ~ ... ~.~~.~ ... _. _______ . __ .. _ ... _ ................. .

Sea Leyel is Not Rising Written by Professor Nils-Axel orner

Friday, 07 December 201 2 10:31

Main points

POPULAR

35 Inconvenrent Truths' The errors In AI Gore's movie

Proved The e is 0 Climate CrisIs _ ......... - .... _...... . ..... ----_ .. -_ .. - .... _ ... __ ._ .......... _ .. _ .. _ .. _ .. _. ~a ll ac ies .. ~~.?~9.~b~~ar .. in~_ ..... _ _ ...... _ ... __

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SCientists The ebate Is at Over

- At most global average sea level is rising at a rate equivalent to 2-3 inches per century. It is probably no ising at all. - Sea level is measured both by tide gauges and . since 1992 by satellite altil l etry. One of the Keepers of the satellite retord told Professor orner that the record had been interfered with to sho sea level rising because the raw data from the sateIHtes sho red no increase in glObal sea level at all. - The ra. data from the TOPEXIPOSEIDON sea-level satellites. which operated from 993-2000, sho s a slight uptrend in sea level However. after exclusion of the distorting effects of the Great EI ina Southern Oscillation of 9971 998 a naturally-occurring event. the sea-level trend is zero.

- The GRACE gravitational-anomaly satellites are able to measure ocean mass. from hich. sea-level change can be

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Truthful images aren’t just pretty

Edward Tufte: Visualize data

• Graphical excellence– Greatest number of ideas– In the shortest time–With the least ink– In the smallest space

• Shows data variation, not decoration• Tells the truth

Tufte, Edward R. The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. 2nd ed. Cheshire: Graphics, 2001. Print.

Adkins, Nikki. "Debunking the Myth of the Google Generation." Cambridge Librarians' Teach Meet. Cambridge. Mar. 2011. SlideShare. Web. 30 Mar. 2011. <http://www.slideshare.net/missadkins/debunking-the-myth-of-the-google-generation-camlibtm?from=ss_embed>.

Vague language

Simplistic rules

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"Outbreak: The Deadliest Pandemics in History." Infographic. GOOD. GOOD Worldwide, 11 Aug. 2011. Web. 29 Dec. 2012. <http://awesome.good.is/transparency/web/1108/deadliest-pandemics/flash.html>.

OUTBREAK Deadliest Pandemics in History )()C:.:>::>:XXX:IC.:JCXXXXXXXX.X>::>::>:XXX:.:.:.:>::.X)lXICIC.:.:.:>::>:::X

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Because a virus doesn·t care about state lines or national borders, II can Wipe out mllhons and span multiple continents rapidly. Here Is a loOk at the inlectk/Us diseases the world has battled throughout history.

What Is a Pandemic? Denved from the Greek WOfd pandemos meaning " pertaining to ail people.- a pandelTMc is a widespread disease that affects humans over a wide geographIC area.

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Key:

PANDEMIC DEATH TOLL , I

25 million

HONG KONG FLU 1 million

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A~O'l~oIIbnof_ ,wdlonr: Qll1'O I)'nlph I\Odn.

Honorable Mentions

Although the fOllowing viruses do not have a figure fOf tolal amount of hves claimed, they continue to terrorize vanous areas around the world.

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Pandemic vs. endemic

• Pandemic: an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region– HIV, Spanish Plague, Black Death

• Endemic: a stable disease, continually present in a community, people develop resistance over time

OUT~EAK 86CillI5e il ",irliS doesn't C;lfe ilbo ~ rt s\"te lines or niltlOn<ll borders. it com WIJljl: out InilhOilS and SP<lI1 multiple continents f ilPidly. Here is II look at UtI! IIllect ious dl~l!aSl!s the lYorld has battled throughout history.

Deacllies Pandemics I :r.: ... What is a Pandemic? "'l..l.::;tory Dar iYfld trom the Gre~k word pilndemru meaning "pertaimng \0

human,.; owr lIl'Ird", ~mgraphlC: arl'1I

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17- 44%McCandless, David. "Fatal Infection: Disease Case Fatality Rates.“ Information Is Beautiful. N.p., 24 Sept. 2009. Web. 29 Dec. 2012. <http://www.informationisbeautiful.net/2009/fatal-infection/>

What % of population died? What % of

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Graham, Mark. "Virtuous Visible Circles: Mapping Views to Place-based Wikipedia Articles." Zero Geography. N.p., 5 Nov. 2012. Web. 27 Dec. 2012. <http://www.zerogeography.net/2012/11/virtuous-visible-circles-mapping-views.html>.

Creator Audience

Content

Photograph

Persuade?

Document?

Express?

What’s the visual message?User:Jamesinderbyshire From Wiki pedia, the free encyclopedia

Hi, my first

name is James

and I live in

Derbyshire,

England. I am

English by

origin but have

travelled

extensively

internationally.

My main

interests are

generally in

history,

pOlitics,

religion and

also

spec ifically in

the geography,

landscapes,

culture, history

and beliefs of

Jamesinderbyshire This user tries to do the right thing. If

'-" they make a mistake, please let them know.

I ~\ This user believes in civility and ~ assuming good faith.

GMT This use(s lime zone is GMT.

This user wastes far too much time editing Wikipedia.

en This user is a native speaker of English.

Search user languages

people in the British Isles and Europe. I specialise in the history

and archaeology of Roman and Sub-Roman Brita in and also have

a Keen interest in Byzantium and re lated fields liKe the Holy

Roman Empire and Late Antiquity. I am not an archaeologist o r

historian by profession , but a keen amateur, which has pluses

and minuses.

You are viewing the user page of a BBC-fan , particularly of Radio

4 and BBC Four. The latter is a wonderful source of programming

in a huge range of faSCinating topics and I recommend it to

international audiences who want to learn about Britain. For US

citizens in part icula r, BBC News Online offers a welcome factuality

and depth of commercial-free coverage onen lacKing in US media .

~ Userboxes ---:T::::h'7'is"'u-s"'e-r"'be-:-:I"'ie-ve""s"'t:::-h"'at"'a"'n-yo""n"'e-w-':h"'o'

thinks Wikipedia is an unre liable source should conlinue their quest to find a better website.

This user lives in Derbyshire.

This user is a history buff.

This user has an active inlerest in Social History

This user is interested in

This user is interested in the history of the Cold War.

military history of ancient Rome.

This user is interested in the

The Revelation - sculpture by Angela £;J

Conner, from the sculptures exhibition at Chatsworth House, Derbyshire

“The minute you pick up the camera you begin to lie – or to tell your own truth…You make subjective judgments every step of the way – in how you light the subject, in choosing the moment of exposure, in cropping the print. It’s just a matter of how far you choose to go.”

--- Richard Avedon

Fineman, Mia. Faking It: Manipulated Photography before Photoshop. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2012. Print.

Probst, Barbara. Exposure #11b: N.Y.C., Duane & Church Streets, 06.10.02, 3:22 p.m., 2002. 10 June 2002. Morning News. Morning News, 2006. Web. 19 Dec. 2010. <http://www.themorningnews.org/archives/galleries/split_second/01ss.php>.

William O., and Bruce F. Molina, illus. "Repeat Photography of Glaciers: Muir Glacier Pair." National Snow and Ice Data Center. U of Colorado, Boulder, 1941-2004. Web. 19 Dec. 2010. <http://nsidc.org/data/glacier_photo/special_high_res_muir.html>.

History is “the set of questions that we in the present ask of the past.”

– Ken Burns

“Burns’ Series Honors his Father’s War” by Steven Winn. San Francisco Chronicle 9/19/07 E1

Hine, Lewis Wickes. Boys Picking Over Garbage on 'The Dumps'. Oct. 1909. National Child Labor Committee Collection. Prints and Photographs Div., Lib. of Cong., Washington. LC-DIG-nclc-04552. Library of Congress. Web. 15 Dec. 2012. <http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/nclc.04552>.

“Stolen Dreams”

Parker, David. Brick Worker, India, 1993”(above) from Stolen Dreams Gallery of the Harvard School of Public Health <http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/gallery/gallery19.htm>l?

Runyon, Robert. Three children. N.d. Robert Runyon Photograph Collection, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, U of Texas at Austin. American Memory. Web. 19 Dec. 2010. < http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.award/txuruny.07175>.

Menzel, Peter. Japan: The Ukita Family. 16 Dec. 1992. NOVA: World in Balance. PBS, Apr. 2004. Web. 19 Dec. 2010. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ worldbalance/mate-japan.html>.

What will history say about this photograph?

News and Entertainment

TV

News TV

EntertainmentTV

Nass, Clifford & Corina Yen. The Man Who Lied to his Laptop: What Machines Teach us About Human Relationships.. Current-Penguin, 164-69

Credibility changes with our

expectations

“Guideline 2.2 - Symbolic PhotographsIf an illustration, especially a photograph, can be taken to be a documentary picture by the casual reader, although it is a symbolic photograph…

Then the accompanying caption or text must identify:– Substitution (i.e. a similar subject at a different time, or

a different subject at the same time, etc.),– Symbolic (reconstructed scenes, artificially visualised

events to accompany text, etc.),– Photomontages or other changes

“German Press Code” 2006

Silva, Joao. A sniper loyal to Shiite cleric Moqtada al Sadr fires towards U.S. positions in the cemetery in Najaf, Iraq. Michele McNally: "Right there with the Mahdi army. Incredible courage." 2006. New York Times. New York Times, 12 July 2006. Web. 19 Dec. 2010. <http://www.nytimes.com/ slideshow/2006/07/12/nyregion/20060712_ASK_SLIDESHOW_21.html>

“The ability of a visual language to express more than one meaning at once is also…its limitation.” Eco, Umberto (1994). The Search for

a Perfect Language. Blackwell. p. 174

Caption : “A child’s toy lies amidst broken glass from the shattered windows of an apartment block near those that were demolished by Israeli air strikes in Tyre, southern Lebanon, Monday, Aug. 7, 2006. Israeli bombs slammed into a complex of buildings flattening four multistoried apartment blocks, including the one apartment that had been the target of Saturday’s Israeli commando raid, whilst a civil defense ambulance was hit in the rear and slightly damaged with emergency workers who had gone to the bomb site to search for bodies being forced to flee.” (AP Photo/Ben Curtis)

Curtis, Ben. "Lebanon Mideast Fighting." AP Images. AP, 7 Aug. 2006. Web. 15 Dec. 2012.

Hauben, Ronda. "Korean Cloning Hero Deconstructed Online." Telepolis. HeiseZeitschriften, 24 Dec. 2005. Web. 25 Dec. 2010. <http://www.heise.de/tp/r4/artikel/21/21647/1.html>.

Published by AAAS

What meanings do we infer?

Icons, symbols, signs, metaphors

Adams, Eddie. Vietnam War Saigon Execution. 1 Feb. 1968. AP Images. AP, 1 Feb. 2002. Web. 5 Dec. 2010. 6802010170

“Adolf Hitler in Paris, June 23, 1940.” U.S. National Archives

“New York City Celebrating the Surrender of Japan, Lt. Victor Jorgensen, August 14, 1945.” National Archives

Meaning changes

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Digital forensics

Farid, Hany. "Digital Imaging." Encyclopedia of Perception. Ed. E. Bruce Goldstein. Vol. 1. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 2009. 362-66. Hany Farid. Web. 25 Dec. 2010. <http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/publications/digitalimaging09.pdf>.

Altering truth…

• Digitally altered photos after they are taken• Staged events as if they were real• Staging scenes or moving objects and

photographing them• False or misleading captions

“The Home of a Rebel Sharpshooter” (1865-66) by Alexander Gardner. Photographic Sketch Book of the War. American Memory.

Another example: Union or Confederate?

http://www.fourandsix.com/photo-tampering-history/

Teaching Tips

Homo Product Info

NoodleTools

Show Me© Born Digital Photo or Image

Has my photograph been altered?

Personal and professional photographs are often staged or edited:

• For dramatic or aesthetic impact • To correct imperfections (e.g., red eye) • To deceive the viewer

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One test for an edited image is to use an image search engine to compare your image with others.

The image I searched

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Fake Photo Non-scandal." BBC. BBC, 5 Nov. 2007. Web. 25 Dec. 2010. <http://www.poynterextra.org/eyetrack2004/ main.htm>.

Farid, Hany. "Digital Forensics: 5 Ways to Spot a Fake Photo." Scientific American. Scientific American, 2 June 2008. Web. 22 Dec. 2010. <http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=5-ways-to-spot-a-fake>.

© Debbie Abilock

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Has my photograph been manipulated?

Personal and professional photographs are frequently staged, cropped or altered

For dramatic or aesthetic impact • To correct imperfections (eg .. red eye, exposure setting, color correction) • To deceive the viewer

You can compare shadows on similar objects to see jf the light source is consistent Another method is to draw lines to check the light source

Draw a line that connects a point on a shadow with its corresponding point on the object Repeat for aU the shadows in a photo If the shadows are real, the lines will either intersect or be parallel, indicating the location of the light source

TIp: Slight errors in matching points to shadows might throw the lines off slightly, but large discrepancies indicate editing

Allan, Jennifer. "How to Spot a Doctored Photo." Wired.co.UK. CondéNetUK, 5 May 2010. Web. 22 Dec. 2010. <http://www.wired.co.uk/magazine/archive/2010/06/how-to/how-to-spot-a-doctored-photo>.

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Teaching Questions

• What is its impact on me? • What do I literally see?• How is it composed? What effect does that have?• What can I infer about it?• Who created it? • For what purpose? Is it from something larger?• Who is the audience? • What’s the point of view (rhetorical stance)?• Does it use conventions of a genre (news, art,

personal…)? What expectation do I have of this?• What’s the larger context (historical, cultural)?• What’s the message, theme or argument?• Why is it important?

Jim Gourley Central Chinese TV Headquarters CCTV Headquarters, Beijing, CN.05.10.08

© Debbie Abilock


How do I evaluate a "born digital" photograph?

A photograph can be both a visual record and a fine art Its meaning is shaped by the photographer's point of view and the background we tJrirlg to it

To "read" and evaluate a photograph, ask:

• \rVhat do I see (observations)? • \r\Ihat might it mean (inferences)? • How does it make me feel? • 'Why might this photo have t>een taken? • What might be the photographer's intent (e.g , to persuade, anat(Ze, record or document, or as an artistic

expression)? • \IVhat is out 01 the picture? What might be missing? • \rVhat other questions might I ask?

Pro eots

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Compare Front Pages

• Newseum – pick two• CNN v. CNN International• NY Times Print v. NY Times Web Edition• China Daily US, HK, China

Reading an image• Elements

– line, scale, shape, texture, patterns, light

• Arrangement– balance, contrast, dominance /subordination, emphasis, movement,

repetition, rhythm, variation, unity.

• Subject – main / supporting

• Context – Culture, symbols, background

• Purpose / Audience

Classical rhetoric can provide a framework for visual literacy

• Ethos: The perceived credibility of the author / creator

• Logos: The logical appeals of the author / creator designed to influence the audience

• Pathos: The emotional appeals of the author / creator designed to influence the audience.

Content

Viewerresponse,

background

Creatorpurpose

Imagetone, style,

genre, structuremedium

beliefs, point of view

ContextCreated when and where?

(Social, cultural, political, economic…) Context

Embedded in…?

(newspaper, album, scientific paper…)

Content

Viewerresponse

Photographerpurpose

Photographtone, style,

genre, structure

beliefs, point of view

ContextCreated when and where?

(Social, cultural, political, economic…)

ContextEmbedded where?

(newspaper, album, scientific paper…)

Visual Literacy: News Media

______ 's Reading of a Media Photograph

'VHAT DO YOU SEE? (Observations) WHAT DOES IT MEAN? (Inference) Nonverbal gestures (anus, hands, fingers)

Facial expression (head, eyes, mouth)

Body language (distances, code matchiug)

People (age, gender, ethnicity)

Teaching Considerations“visual thinkers”*

• They differ: memory, imagery, spatial abilities• Trouble translating visuals into words – may be

reluctant or late talkers • Trouble ordering, relating, connecting pieces of

information• Sensitivity to visual overload• Tendency toward false memories• Trouble retrieving information - but a visual cue

can bring back a flood of knowledge

Eide, Brock, and Fernette Eide. "Vivid Visual Thinkers - Blessings and Burdens." Eide Neurolearning Blog. Blogger, 27 Apr. 2007. Web. 25 Dec. 2010. <http://eideneurolearningblog.blogspot.com/2007/04/ vivid-visual-thinkers-blessings-and.html>.

Strengths of visual thinkers*

• Exceptional photographic recall• Can visually imagine, manipulate, and rotate

objects in mind.• Cinematic thinking - potentially great for film-

making or storytelling• Strong recall of visual details• Strengths in visual analysis, problem-solving,

pattern recognition

Eide, Brock, and Fernette Eide. "Vivid Visual Thinkers - Blessings and Burdens." Eide Neurolearning Blog. Blogger, 27 Apr. 2007. Web. 25 Dec. 2010. <http://eideneurolearningblog.blogspot.com/2007/04/ vivid-visual-thinkers-blessings-and.html>.

Visual LiteracyNew challenge…

• European Americans find it easy to identify an object out of context while Asians more accurately detect changes in the background environment. (Cole & Packer 143)

– Eye tracking shows differences between fixing on the focal object vs. background. (Cole & Packer 148)

• Americans take photos in which faces are 35% larger than in East Asians’ photos. (Phillips 176-77)

Cole, Michael, and Martin Packer. "Culture and Cognition." Cross-Cultural Psychology: Contemporary Themes and Perspectives. Ed. Kenneth D. Keith. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. 133-59. Print.Phillips, William L. "Cross-Cultural Differences in Visual Perception." Cross-Cultural Psychology: Contemporary Themes and Perspectives. Ed. Kenneth D. Keith. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. 160-80. Print.

Visual Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education

“Visual literacy is a set of abilities that enables an individual to effectively find, interpret, evaluate, use, and create images and visual media. Visual literacy skills equip a learner to understand and analyze the contextual, cultural, ethical, aesthetic, intellectual, and technical components involved in the production and use of visual materials. A visually literate individual is both a critical consumer of visual media and a competent contributor to a body of shared knowledge and culture.”

http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/visualliteracy

Teaching provocation…

Visual literacy education should not begin with reading [advertising] messages. We need children to understand that they (we) are exploited workers in the living room factory, employed by the media and paid by content. Our “job” is to consume advertising. ‐ Sut Jhally

Jhally, Sut. "The Factory in the Living Room: How Television Exploits Its Audience." Distinguished Faculty Lecture, Dept. of Communication. U of Mass., Amherst. 8 Mar. 2007. Sut Jhally. Web. 25 Dec. 2010. <http://www.umass.edu/communication/multimedia/jhally_dfl.shtml>.

Visual Literacy

Debbie Abilock NoodleTools, [email protected]

http://www.NoodleTools.com

Picture Walk in Visual Literacy

Art & Photos

Transcript of Picture Walk in Visual Literacy