Pictorial Drawings

Sketching & DimensioningPictorial DrawingsShows an object like you would see in a photographGive a three dimensional view of a room or structureThree common typesIsometricObliquePerspectivePictorial Sketch of Kitchen

Isometric DrawingsThe most common pictorialsConstructed with the two faces 30 degrees above the horizontalThe axes are 120 degrees between each axisLines that are horizontal are drawn at 30 degreesVertical lines remain verticalIsometric of a Cube

Isometric DimensioningDimension lines are parallel to the isometric axesExtension lines are extended in line with these axesIsometric Dimensioning

Oblique DrawingsThe front view is draw like it would be using orthographic projectionThe front view shows all features with true shape and sizeThe top and side view are then projected back from the front viewViews can be at any angle15, 30 or 45 degrees are commonOblique Drawings Cont.Useful when the front contains more details and features than the side viewA mental image can be created more quickly than with orthographic aloneTwo types of oblique drawingscavaliercabinetOblique Drawing

Cavalier ObliqueThe entire drawing uses the same scaleSometimes creates a distorted appearance

Cavalier Oblique Drawing

Cabinet ObliqueMeasurements on the receding axes are reduced by halfMore visually realistic representationOften used for drawing cabinetsCabinet Oblique Drawing

Perspective DrawingsThe most realistic of all pictorial drawingsReceding lines in the drawing meet at a vanishing point instead of being parallelEliminates distortion at the back part of pictorial drawingsTwo typesparallel (one-point) perspectiveangular (two point) perspective

Perspective Drawing

Parallel Perspective (One Point)One face of the object is shown as the front viewLines parallel to the front view remain parallelLines that are perpendicular to the front view converge at a SINGLE VANISHING POINTAngular Perspective (Two-Point)Similar to isometric drawingsOne edge of the object is place in frontThe two faces that meet at this edge recede to DIFFERENT VANISHING POINTSAll lines parallel to each face go to the different vanishing pointsAngular Perspective Drawing

Horizon Below Object

Exploded Pictorial DrawingsUsed to show relative position of parts or construction detailsUsed to clarify assembly sequenceCommon in appliance and cabinetry service manualsExploded Pictorial Drawing

Dimensioning StandardsStandards are different in different career areas.Civil, Electrical, Construction and other areas follow similar practices, but sometimes with less need for precision in measurements.Dimensioned drawings are a part of a contractual document.

Dimension LinesVarious means to terminating endsarrow headdottickNormally, dimensions are shown ABOVE dimension lineIf dimension is needed for construction, it should be on drawingDo not included unnecessary dimensionsTypes of Dimension Lines

Dimensioning Floor PlansFrame Constructiondimensions usually start at the exterior surface of the stud wallinterior walls usually dimensioned to the center of partitions

Window and Door OpeningsFrame ConstructionLocated by their center lines

Window and Door OpeningsMasonry ConstructionOpenings are dimensioned to the edges of the masonry surface openings