Pick up a half sheet from the front table. - You will use your notes and the following book pages 29-37

to help complete the homework for next class.

ON THE INDEX CARD:ON THE INDEX CARD:

What are the three most important things that you learned from Thursday’s lesson on Classical

Conditioning?

REGULAR WARM UP: REGULAR WARM UP:

What is the best reward and worst punishment you have ever received?

Homework # 13Homework # 13

Hit List:Hit List:

• Homework

• Review Classical Conditioning

• Unit Project

• Operant Conditioning

• Partner Work

• Grades

Review: Classical Conditioning

Before Conditioning:

UCS UCR (reflex)

NS No Response

During Conditioning:

UCS + NS UCR

After Conditioning:

CS CR

Before Conditioning:

Food Salivation (reflex)

Bell No Response

During Conditioning:

Food + Bell Salivation

After Conditioning:

Bell Salivation

Review: Classical Conditioning

Before Conditioning:UCS UCR (reflex)NS No Response

During Conditioning:UCS + NS UCR

After Conditioning:CS CR

Before Conditioning:Altoid Mint Recognize bad breath/take mint

Computer Noise No Response

During Conditioning:Altoid Mint + Computer Noise

Recognize bad breath/take mint

After Conditioning:Computer Noise Recognize bad

breath/take mint

Review: Classical Conditioning

• Identify the UCS, UCR, NS, CS, and CR in the following scenario.

• Your significant other often yells at you and makes you feel bad. Pretty soon, you can’t stand the look of that person and end the relationship. You meet another person who looks like your ex. Although they seem nice, you find yourself feeling bad every time you are around them.

Learning

Operant Conditioning

B. F. Skinner

• Operant Conditioning: Learning from consequences of behavior

• How does this differ from classical conditioning?

(The rat must learn how to solve a problem of how to get food)

Reinforcement• A consequence that increasesincreases the likelihood a

behavior to occur again

• Positive reinforcement: Presenting something desirable; a rewardEx: Money for good grades

• Negative reinforcement: Taking away something you don’t like

• Ex: Taking aspirin to get rid of a headache• Ex: Beeping when you leave the head lights on.

You must turn off the lights to stop the beeping.

Schedules of Reinforcement

• Continuous schedule: Reinforcement given every time something occurs– Ex: Get a piece of candy every time you answer a

question.

• Partial schedule: Reinforcement given only sometimes (4 types)– Ex: Get a piece of candy sometimes when answer a

question.

• Which do you think works better?

Partial Schedules of Reinforcement

• Ratio: behavior is reinforced based on the frequency of responses– (Frequency: How often something occurs)

• Interval: behavior reinforced based on time

Partial Schedules of Reinforcement

Pop quizzes• Variable-interval: reinforcement for response after random time periods

Getting a paycheck every Friday

• Fixed-interval: reinforcement for response after a fixed time elapsed

Examples:Interval

Playing a slot machine• Variable-Ratio: reinforcement after a varying # of responses

Getting paid for every 5 pizzas made

• Fixed-Ratio: reinforcement after a fixed # of responses

Examples:Ratio

Punishment

• Unpleasant consequence which decreases a behavior to occur again.

• Examples?

Which one?Identify if the following examples illustrate positive

reinforcement, negative reinforcement, or punishment

1. The police stop drivers and give awards for safe driving.2. The coach removes a player from a game who commits an intentional foul.3. Taking aspirin to relieve a headache.4. A baseball player glares at a teammate who makes an error during the

game.5. A mother gives candy to the crying child in the grocery store.6. A hospital patient is given extra visitation time after eating a full meal.7. A teenager is grounded until his or her homework is completed.8. Running from a building when the fire alarm sounds.9. A child is scolded for playing in the street.10. A rat presses a lever to terminate a shock or loud tone.11. Teacher gives extra credit for perfect attendance.12. A defendant is harassed until he confesses.13. A mother smiles when her child days, “Mama”

Reinforcement- Positive reinforcement:

Presenting something desirable; a rewardEx: Money for good grades

- Negative reinforcement: Taking away something you don’t like

• Ex: Taking aspirin to get rid of a headache

• Ex: Beeping when you leave the head lights on. You must turn off the lights to stop the beeping.

Punishment- Unpleasant consequence which

decreases a behavior to occur again.

Partner Work

Social Learning• Homework #14 Questions

– Red: pg. 42-49 Blue: pg. 259-266

1. Name and describe the three types of modeling.

2. Give an example of how you have displayed self-control as behavior modification.

Due Tuesday 5/5/09