PI5501 European Security Strategic Studies. From where does the European security infrastructure...
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Transcript of PI5501 European Security Strategic Studies. From where does the European security infrastructure...
![Page 1: PI5501 European Security Strategic Studies. From where does the European security infrastructure arise? Why has it settled in this way? What lasting impact.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062619/5515d686550346cf6f8b489c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PI5501 European SecurityStrategic Studies
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From where does the European security infrastructure arise?
Why has it settled in this way? What lasting impact has the Cold War
had on European Security?
Is Europe a security community or complex?
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Second World War in Europe• US and USSR
Allies in the Second World War• UK, US, USSR and French
The end of the Second World War and the beginning of the Cold War• Germany
Berlin Airlift• US and Hiroshima
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The new security dilemma:• West vs. East
The impact of nuclear weapons The West: From Alliance to
Organization The East: From Alliance to Pact
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Geopolitical Accommodation• VE-Day 1945• Iron Curtain 1946• Germany foreign
policy towards the East
• French position
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Alternatives to the bipolar split in Europe• Finland, • Sweden• Ireland• Spain• Yugoslavia• Albania
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The Ideological Conflict• The fight over Poland• The fight over Germany• The fight over Europe
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The Eastern Response• Maintain the post-war status quo in Europe• Spread the revolution elsewhere
Origins of the status quo in Europe• Security dilemma
The origins of the revolution• Marxism, Leninism and Stalinism
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The Western Response• Over turn the post-war status quo in Europe• Contain the revolution elsewhere
Origin of democratic peace• Democratic peace theory and authoritarian
regimes Origin of containment
• Kennan, X and stopping the ‘red threat’
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The Nuclear Environment• American strike capabilities from 1954• Russian first test – 1949
Sputnik – 1957 • UK first test – 1952 • French first test – 1954
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Western Nuclear Strategies• Trip wire vs plate glass defence• Local vs rolling strike• Massive retaliation vs flexible response
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US Nuclear Weapons in Europe 1954-2007• Federation of American Scientists
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US Nuclear Weapons locations in Europe• Natural Resources
Defence Council
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Changes in European Security• West German Elections – 1967
Grand coalition (Brandt FM) Ostpolitik I
Czechoslovakia 1967
• West German Elections – 1969 SDU and FDP (Brandt Chancellor) Ostpolitik II
Moscow (Poland, East Germany)
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The rise of Détente • Ostpolitik
West German – Soviet non-aggression treaty• Strategic Arms Limitation Treaties (SALT) –
1969 • Soviets and the status quo (the continuation
of Potsdam)• Sino-Soviet split• US and Vietnam• High point: the Conference on Security and
Cooperation in Europe (CSCE)
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The fall of Détente• Soviet invasion of Afghanistan – 1979 • Iranian Revolution – 1979• Election of Reagan – 1980
Abandoned SALT II talks
Did Détente last longer in Europe?
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Death of Brezhnev (1982) Rise of Gorbachev (1985) Soviet economy declining The end of the Brezhnev Doctrine –
Poland and the Fall of the Berlin Wall Soviet collapse – 1991
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Increased US military spending under Carter and Reagan
The advent of the first Gulf War – 1990
NATO London Declaration – 1990
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NATO CSCE cum OSCE START I (SALT II) CFE Treaty Open Skies Treaty
A‘New Cold War’?