GSOP 1 (Rev. 12/2020)

Phytosanitary certification of grain for export User guide September 2020

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You may re-use this information (excluding logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence v.3. To view this licence visit www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/ or email PSI@nationalarchives.gsi.gov.uk

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www.gov.uk/apha

Email: phastplantproducts@apha.gov.uk or telephone 0300 1000313

APHA is an Executive Agency of the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and also works on behalf of the Scottish Government, Welsh Government and Food Standards Agency to safeguard animal and plant health for the benefit of people, the environment and the economy.

Contents

Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1

General information ............................................................................................................. 1

Application procedures ........................................................................................................ 3

Sampling and inspection procedures ................................................................................... 4

Annex I – Countries requiring phytosanitary certificates for grain imports ........................... 9

Annex II – Grain insect pests for which inspections must be undertaken for all countries requiring phytosanitary certificates .................................................................................... 12

Annex III – Countries requiring examination of representative samples for freedom from prohibited weed seeds and/or parasitic plants (including Orobanche species) and fungal diseases ............................................................................................................................. 13

Annex IV – Disinfestation by chemical: residual insecticide treatment and fumigation ...... 19

Annex V – Grain Exports from Scotland ............................................................................ 22

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Introduction This Protocol explains the arrangements for the issue of Phytosanitary Certificates for export of grain from England & Wales to those third countries (i.e. countries outside the European Community) requiring such certification, including the procedures for sampling and inspection of grain by authorised trade representatives.

Please read this Protocol and the notes on the application form HH93 very carefully. If you are unclear on any points please do not hesitate to seek advice from the Animal and Plant Health Agency by emailing phastplantproducts@apha.gov.uk or telephone 0300 1000313

For exports from Scotland please refer to Annex V.

General information This document sets out the arrangements for the sampling, inspection and phytosanitary certification of grain for export to those third countries requiring such certification. It does not cover any matters other than those relating to plant health, e.g. human or animal health matters.

The plant health requirements of third countries are laid down by the relevant authorities in each country and vary from country to country. Phytosanitary (Plant Health) Certificates provide an assurance that consignments of plants and plant products (including grain) meet the required plant health standards of the importing country. Phytosanitary Certificates are issued by APHA PHSI for England & Wales. Under single market arrangements Phytosanitary Certificates are not required for trade with other EU countries.

A list of the countries which it is believed require Phytosanitary Certificates for grain exports is given at Annex I. Annex II and III contain further details of additional requirements. Exporters should contact APHA PHSI for further information or details on the requirements of countries other than those listed, giving as much notice as possible prior to the date of export. It should be appreciated that details of the relevant import regulations may not be available immediately as APHA PHSI may have to contact the plant health authorities in the countries concerned to obtain the required information. If exporters have up-to-date information this should be provided in advance of export to APHA PHSI.

APHA PHSI may, on plant health grounds, refuse any application for the issue of a Phytosanitary Certificate. A certificate will not be issued if the APHA PHSI has reason to believe that any information supplied by the applicant or an Authorised Trade Inspector is incorrect or inaccurate or that any conditions prescribed relating to the treatment or movement of material intended for export have not been met. The APHA PHSI may also

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require an exporter to produce any relevant information in connection with any grain for export.

A trade inspector must attend and pass the GSOP1 training course to become an Authorised Trade Inspector in respect to the official phytosanitary certification of grain. APHA PHSI is the sole and only recognised provider of GSOP1 training. Further details of GSOP1 training courses can be obtained from APHA PHSI. Trade inspectors are required to attend and pass the GSOP1 training course every 5 years in order to retain their authorisation and must keep APHA PHSI informed of any changes to their employer and personal contact details.

It is the responsibility of exporters to ensure that dockside storage facilities and the holds of ships are free from infestation before loading. The trade have provided assurances that, as far as is practicable, silos or other stores into which grain is loaded following inspection will be free from infestation and that the inspected grain will not thereby become infested. If, however, infestation is subsequently discovered or considered likely to be present following checks undertaken for commercial purposes, the matter must be reported to APHA PHSI and no Phytosanitary Certificate will be issued for this grain until disinfestation arrangements have been carried out in accordance with the procedures agreed between Gafta (Grain and Feed Trade Association) and APHA PHSI as detailed at Annex IV.

Authorised Trade Inspectors will undertake the inspection of grain for official phytosanitary certification and, in so doing, will act for and on behalf of the exporters. All matters relating to the employment of these trade inspectors (including those concerning health and safety) shall remain the responsibility of those organisations within the grain trade by whom they are employed and APHA PHSI shall not be liable in respect of any loss, damage, injury or death arising as a result of any act or omission, whether negligent or otherwise, of a trade inspector. It is the responsibility of the trade to ensure that sufficient resources and appropriate facilities and equipment are provided; and that the application of any chemical treatment is carried out in accordance with current pesticide legislation and importers’ requirements.

No liability shall attach to the APHA PHSI in respect of any loss or damage arising as a result of the issue or contents of any certificate or any delay in granting or failure to grant a certificate, delayed or non-delivery of any documents, whether negligent or otherwise. No guarantee is given by APHA PHSI that any certificate granted will comply with the requirements of any other country or importer.

Grain exports from Scotland The procedures detailed in this protocol also apply for grain exports from Scotland. Contact details and addresses can be found at Annex V.

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Application procedures Exporters requiring Phytosanitary Certificates for consignments of grain for export should in the first instance, either themselves or through a representative, notify APHA PHSI of the intended export by submitting a copy of the application form HH93 with Sections I, II and III completed and signed as soon as possible. Exporters or their agents are requested to give as much notice as possible of intended loading. Under normal circumstances a period of at least 5 calendar days’ notice is required. Where exporters are unable to give at least 5 days’ notice due to freight constraints (for example where the means of transport becomes available for chartering less than 5 days before the intended date of loading), exporters or their agents are requested to contact APHA PHSI at the earliest opportunity. Exporters must also ensure that the cargo superintendents and silo operators employed to handle their grain at the ports are notified as soon as possible of the need for sampling and inspection of their grain by Authorised Trade Inspectors.

APHA PHSI must be informed of any special conditions of entry, e.g. any import permit requirements, relating to the examination and certification of the consignment. Where an import permit has been issued by the relevant authorities in the country to which grain is being exported a copy should be forwarded to APHA PHSI with the application form.

In some circumstances, depending on the requirements of the importing country, it may be necessary for samples to be examined by an official laboratory. The laboratories to be used are as follows:

For examinations to detect the presence of prohibited pests and diseases:

Plant Clinic, Fera Science Ltd (Fera), National Agri-Food Innovation Campus, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK

Tel: +44(0)1904 462324

Email: plantclinic@fera.co.uk

For examinations to detect the presence of prohibited weed seeds and parasitic plants:

Official Seed Testing Station (OSTS), NIAB Labtest, 1 NIAB Park Farm, Impington, Cambridge, CB24 9NZ

Tel: +44(0)1223 342243

Email: labtest@niab.com

Annex I contains details of the countries which are believed to require a Phytosanitary Certificate and specify any additional examinations that may be required. As noted, import permits may specify additional requirements.

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When a sample is submitted to an official laboratory it must be accompanied by a copy of the HH93 application form with Section IVA completed AND a completed sample submission form for the relevant laboratory, available on their websites:

Fera: http://fera.co.uk/news/resources/documents/sampleSubmissionForm.pdf

OSTS: https://www.niab.com/services/laboratory/niab-labtest

Following sampling and examination of consignments for grain insect pests by Authorised Trade Inspectors and, where relevant, the dispatch of samples to the appropriate laboratory, an application should be made to APHA PHSI for the issue of an official Phytosanitary Certificate by sending a further copy of the HH93 submitted earlier, but with Section IVA & IVB also completed.

A Phytosanitary Certificate can only be issued following a satisfactory report from an Authorised Trade Inspector. Where a country requires additional testing a satisfactory report from the official laboratory is required detailing relevant pest, disease or weed freedom. Additionally, where a chemical treatment has been applied a certificate of disinfestation must be supplied. Laboratory reports and certificates of disinfestation must be supplied to APHA PHSI with the completed HH93 application form.

Charges Fees will be charged for the certification of consignments and any laboratory testing. Details of the fees in England and Wales are available at:

https://www.gov.uk/guidance/plant-health-controls#fees

Where it is necessary for a sample to be examined by Fera or the OSTS, a separate charge will be made by the laboratories for this service. Contact the laboratories at the address above for details.

If you are dissatisfied with our service If you have concerns or specific complaints about the way APHA PHSI operates or the services we provide please refer to our complaints procedure which can be found at:

https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/animal-and-plant-health-agency/about/complaints-procedure

Sampling and inspection procedures Sampling and examination of grain arriving at the docks will be undertaken by Authorised Trade Inspectors.

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Reliance will be placed on judgement exercised by Authorised Trade Inspectors who must take into account all relevant factors relating to the quality and condition of grain on a case-by-case basis. Their reports will be largely responsible for determining whether a Phytosanitary Certificate conforming to the requirements of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) can be issued by APHA PHSI - in particular whether the following statement in Section 10 of the Phytosanitary Certificate can be made:

“This is to certify that the plants, plant products or other regulated articles described herein have been inspected and/or tested according to appropriate official procedures and are considered to be free from the quarantine pests specified by the importing contracting party and to conform with the current phytosanitary requirements of the importing contracting party, including those for regulated non-quarantine pests.”

It is essential that Authorised Trade Inspectors keep a record of grain inspected. These records must be maintained for at least 12 months and made available to APHA PHSI upon request.

There are 3 options for sampling consignments of bulk grain for export:

• Consignments loaded directly from lorry to ship • Consignments loaded from lorry to silo/store • Consignments loaded from silo/store to ship

Sampling consignments loaded directly from lorry to ship Samples of grain must be drawn from all lorries before grain is loaded direct to ship. At least 3kg of grain must be collected from each lorry. Manual samples must be collected from at least 3 separate points at different depths within the load. Where an automatic core sampler is being used the sample can be drawn from a single point.

Sampling consignments loaded from lorry to silo/store Samples of grain must be drawn from all lorries before grain is loaded to silo/store. At least 3kg of grain must be collected from each lorry. Manual samples must be collected from at least 3 separate points at different depths within the load. Where an automatic core sampler is being used the sample can be drawn from a single point.

As per Item 5. of General Information, this grain is eligible for export without further sampling provided that the silo/store into which it is loaded is free from infestation and the inspected grain will not thereby become infested.

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Sampling consignments loaded from silo/store to ship In cases where grain has not been sampled by an Authorised Trade Inspector before loading to silo/store the issue of a Phytosanitary Certificate will only be considered following subsequent sampling before or during loading from silo to ship.

Where consignments are sampled during loading, a 3kg sample should be collected from the stream every 10 minutes. Where consignments are sampled as static loads in store the following sampling rates should be applied:

For silos/stores containing less than 100 tonnes a 3kg sample must be taken for each 30 tonnes of grain.

For silos/stores containing more than 100 tonnes a 1kg sample must be taken for every 30 tonnes of grain.

In all cases the sample taken should be as representative of the whole of the grain as possible.

Collection of grain from moving equipment can be hazardous. It is important to emphasise, therefore, that it is for the trade to ensure that suitable, safe arrangements are made for the collection of grain; and it is for Authorised Trade Inspectors and their employers to ensure compliance with all relevant health and safety legislation.

Examination of samples for grain insect pests Samples of grain for Phytosanitary purposes must only be examined by an Authorised Trade Inspector for the presence of grain insect pests detailed at Annex II.

Detection and identification of low levels of infestation in samples of grain can only be performed successfully under suitable working conditions and using the appropriate equipment. Samples should be examined in a well-lit, suitably warm area near to the sampling point.

Insects should be separated from grain using a sieve with a 2.0 to 2.5mm screen/mesh. Sieves should not be overloaded and should be well shaken to dislodge any grain insect pests. The sieving’s may be examined directly in the receiver or can be tipped onto a white tray and examined carefully in good light. In cold conditions the detection of live pests will be easier if the tray is gently warmed. A x10 lens should be used for the identification of insects.

If, on inspection, no grain insect pests are found the grain can be considered free from infestation and discharged direct to ship or into silo/store.

If live grain insect pests are found the grain must either be rejected or chemically disinfested by a professional treatment company.

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If only dead grain insect pests are found the sampling and inspection procedure outlined above should be repeated.

Provided no live grain insect pests are found in this further examination the grain can be considered free from infestation and be discharged direct to ship or to silo/store.

In the case of mites, where appropriate, Authorised Trade Inspectors will exercise judgement based on a range of relevant factors, e.g. moisture content and smell.

Additional samples required for official laboratories Where countries require additional pest, disease or weed freedom then a representative 1kg sample should be submitted to the relevant laboratory. Annex I details these countries and the relevant pests, diseases and weeds.

The representative sample should be drawn from the larger composite obtained throughout the sampling process.

Disinfestation by chemicals: residual insecticide treatment and fumigation If chemical treatment has been applied to a consignment this should be recorded in Section IVA of the HH93 application form and a certificate of disinfestation issued by the professional treatment company attached. These details will be included on the Phytosanitary Certificate. The certificate must include:

• Tonnage Treated • Location of Treatment • Commodity • Shipper • Country of Destination • Detail of any pests present • Treatment • Chemical Active Ingredient • Concentration • Date of Treatment • Duration and Temperature • Signature

Guidelines on the treatment processes which would be expected to achieve effective disinfestation of grain are given at Annex IV.

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Data Protection Act 1998 Information provided will be used for the processing of your application. Details will be held in our computer system and will be used to compile statistics on activity in your sector for submission to the EU Commission and for administrative purposes. In emergency situations, such as a pest outbreak, information (including the location of licenced material) may be used by APHA, Defra and other Government Departments or their appointed agents.

APHA may be required to release information, including personal data and commercial information, on request under the Environmental Information Regulations, the Code of Practice on Access to Government Information or the Freedom of Information Act 2000.

For information on how we handle personal data please go to www.gov.uk and search Animal and Plant Health Agency Personal Information Charter.

APHA or its appointed agents may use the name, address and other details on your application form to contact you in connection with occasional customer research aimed at improving the services that APHA provides you.

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Annex I – Countries requiring phytosanitary certificates for grain imports The table on the following page contains details of countries that have most commonly received exports of grain from the UK. All these countries are believed to require a Phytosanitary Certificate. Additionally, according to present information, the table details whether an import permit or further testing of a representative sample is required.

The details of phytosanitary requirements provided below apply to grain grown in the UK only. Grain originating outside the UK may require additional testing and certification or be prohibited by the importing country.

For barley exports to China there is a requirement that exporters are registered with DEFRA. The requirement for this is that exporters are approved under the GTAS (Gafta Trade assurance Scheme) and/or the TASCC (Trade Assurance Scheme for Combinable Crops) quality assurance schemes. For further information contact Gafta at The Grain and Feed Trade Association, 9 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3BP. T: +44 20 7814 9666. E: post@gafta.com

China does list prohibited pests and diseases, some of which do not occur in the UK and some that are considered to be predominately soil-borne. Therefore, a 1% soil tolerance is applied to the sample submitted to OSTS for prohibited weed and parasitic plant testing and no sample is submitted to Fera. If the soil content of the sample is 1% or below the consignment will be considered to have met the pest and disease requirements for export to China. If soil exceeding 1% is found in the sample the consignment will fail for export to China as Fera cannot carry out the required testing.

For further information or details on the requirements of countries other than those listed exporters should contact APHA PHSI.

Where additional testing is specified in the table below a 1kg representative sample for pest and disease testing should be sent to Fera Laboratory, Phytosanitary and Export Testing Lab, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ and a 1kg representative sample for weed and parasitic plant testing should sent to Official Seed Testing Station (OSTS), NIAB Labtest, 1 NIAB Park Farm, Impington, Cambridge, CB24 9NZ. Where a test for Orobanche is required, a further 1kg sample should be sent in a paper/foil bag to OSTS..

The information below relates to overseas countries plant health import regulations. Whilst every effort is made to ensure that information on importing countries’ plant health regulations was accurate at the time of printing, they are not a definitive statement of law and may have been subject to change. Before making an application for a certificate, exporters should contact APHA PHSI to confirm whether there are any additional requirements.

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Country of Destination

Import Permit Required?

Phytosanitary Certificate Required?

Testing required for prohibited plant pests and diseases?

Testing required for prohibited weeds and parasitic plants?

Orobanche testing required?

Algeria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Bangladesh Yes Yes Yes Yes No

Cameroon Yes Yes No No No

China (Barley) Yes Yes No (see

Article 3) Yes No

China (Excl. Barley)

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Ghana Yes Yes No No No

Israel Yes Yes No No Yes

Japan No Yes No Yes Yes

Mauritania No Yes Yes Yes No

Mexico Yes Yes No No Yes

Morocco No Yes No No No

Nigeria Yes Yes No No No

Russia No Yes No Yes No

Saudi Arabia Yes Yes No No No

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Country of Destination

Import Permit Required?

Phytosanitary Certificate Required?

Testing required for prohibited plant pests and diseases?

Testing required for prohibited weeds and parasitic plants?

Orobanche testing required?

Suriname No Yes No No No

Syria Yes Yes No No Yes

Taiwan Yes Yes No Yes Yes

Thailand No Yes No Yes Yes

Tunisia No Yes Yes Yes Yes

Turkey No Yes Yes Yes No

UAE Yes Yes No No No

USA No Yes No Yes Yes

Details of countries believed to require import permits, phytosanitary certificates and/or additional testing.

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Annex II – Grain insect pests for which inspections must be undertaken for all countries requiring phytosanitary certificates For the purposes of determining whether the country in which fresh produce was grown and harvested means that a phytosanitary certificate is required for export to the EU:

Beetles

Ahasverus advena Foreign grain beetle

Cryptolestes spp. Flat grain beetles

Oryzaephilus spp. Saw toothed/ merchant grain beetles

Rhyzopertha dominica Lesser grain borer

Sitophilus granarius Grain weevil

Sitophilus oryzae/ zeamais Rice/ Maize weevil

Tribolium spp. Flour beetles

Trogoderma spp. e.g. Khapra beetles

Moths Stored product moths (e.g. Ephestia spp. Hofmannophila pseudosprotolla (Stainton), Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) and Sitoroga cerealella (Olivier)) are difficult to identify. Adult moths are unlikely to be found alive in grain. On the very rare occasions when moth larvae are found, they need to be considered further only if the cargo is destined for Syria (which specifies Ephestia spp., Pyralidae spp. and Sitotroga cerealella as quarantine pests). For further information contact APHA PHSI.

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Annex III – Countries requiring examination of representative samples for freedom from prohibited weed seeds and/or parasitic plants (including Orobanche species) and fungal diseases Identification of the relevant weed seeds, parasitic plants or fungal diseases listed on the following pages in a consignment would probably mean that a Phytosanitary Certificate could not be issued.

The information on the following pages is taken from overseas countries official websites and other sources. Whilst every effort is made to ensure that information on importing countries’ plant health regulations contained in the Summaries is accurate, they are not a definitive statement of law. Moreover, additional requirements may be specified by importing countries from time to time, for example by import permit. Details of those countries for which grain has been most commonly exported to and which the APHA PHSI believe require import permits for the entry of grain are given at Annex I.

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Country of destination Prohibited Pests and Diseases Prohibited Weeds and Parasitic Plants Algeria Aphelenchoides besseyi Tilletia controversa Arceuthobium spp. Barley stripe mosaic hordeivirus Tilletia indica Cuscuta spp. Cochliobus carbonum Usilago nuda Orobanchaceae Ditylenchus dipsaci Ustilago tritici Ephestia kuehniella Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Pantoea stewartii subsp. Stewartii Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola

Bangladesh Ceratobasidium cereale Phalaris minor Ambrosia artimisifolia Cichorium spinosum Parthenium spp.

Claviceps purpurea Prostophonus truncates Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats Cordia curassavica Papaver rhoeas

Cryptolestes ferrugines Pseudomonas syringe pv. atrofaciens Ambrosia psilostachya Cuscuta australis

Polygonum cuspidatum

Ditylenchus dispaci Sitophilus granarius Ambrosia trifida Cynoglossum officinale

Proboscidea lovisianica

Fusarium culmorum Sitophilus zeamais Apera-spica-venti Fumaria officinalis Salsola vermiculata Hordeivirus Tilletia spp. Bromus secalinus Froelichia floridana Senecio jacobaea

Monographella nivalis Trogoderma variabile Cardaria draba Helianthus californicus Solanum carolinense

Oryzaephilus surinamensis Cenchrus tribuloides Helianthus ciliaris Striga hermonthica

Centaurea diffusa Heliotropium amplexicaule Thlaspi arvense

Centaurea maculosa Leersia japonica Thesium australe

Centaurea solsitialis Matricaria perforatum Thesium humiale

Cichorium pumilum Phalaris minor Viola arvensis

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Country of destination Prohibited Pests and Diseases Prohibited Weeds and Parasitic Plants China (Barley) Arabis mosaic virus Bromus sterilis Barley stripe mosaic virus Cardaria draba Cephus pygmeus Cirsium arvense

Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. Michiganensis Emex australis

Mayetioila destructor Lolium temulentum

Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides Phalaris paradoxa

Trogoderm variabile Spergula arvensis Taraxacum officinale

(Testing only required if soil exceeds 1%)

China (Excl. Barley) Barley stripe mosaic virus Lolium temulentum

Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides Sorghum almum

Tilletia controversa Sorghum halepense Cuscuta spp. Orobanche spp. Ghana Contact APHA for further details Japan Cassytha sp. Cuscuta sp. Loranthaceae Orobanche spp. Pedicularis sp. Rafflesia sp. Contact APHA for further details

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Country of destination Prohibited Pests and Diseases Prohibited Weeds and Parasitic Plants Mauritania Aphelenchoides besseyi Arceuthobium Cochliobolus carbonum Eichhorinia crassipes Pantoea stewartii Pistia spp. Puccinia arachidi Salvinia molesta Typha australis Morocco Acer rufinerve Eichhornia crassipes Miscanthus sinensis

Alternanthera philoxeroides Galenia pubescens

Myriophyllum heterophyllum

Amaranthus palmeri Gymnocoronis spilanthoides

Parthenium hysterophorus

Arceuthobium spp. Heracleum persicum Pistia spp.

Baccharis halimifolia Heracleum sosnowskyi

Polygonum perfoliatum

Baccharis spicata Hydrocotyle ranunculoides Pueraria montana

Bidens subalternans Impatiens edgeworthii Salvinia molesta

Cardiospermum grandiflorum Ludwigia grandiflora Typha australis

Cenchrus longispinus Ludwigia peploides

Crassula helmsii Microstegium vimineum

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Country of destination Prohibited Pests and Diseases Prohibited Weeds and Parasitic Plants Russia Callosobruhus spp. Acroptilon repens Helianthus cilliaris Caulophilus latinasus Ambrosia artemisiifolia Ipomoea hederacea Trogoderma granarium Ambrosia psilostachya Ipomoea lacunosa Ambrosia trifida Iva axillaris Bidens pilosa Sicyos angulatus

Bidens bipinnata Solanum carolinense

Cenchrus longispinus Solanum elaeagnifolium

Cuscuta spp. Solanum rostratum Euphorbia dentata Solanum triflorum Helianthus californicus Striga spp. Syria Alternaria triticina Pyrenophora graminea Bellardia spp

Claviceps purpurea Pyrenophora teres ( Helminthosporium teres ) Coronopus didymus

Cochliobolus sativus Sphacelotheca sorghi Solanum carolinense Fusarium roseum Tilletia laevis Solanum heterodoxum

Gibberella fujikuroi ( Fusarium moniliform ) Tilletia tritici Solanum rostratum

Phaeosphaeria nodorum Striga spp. Taiwan Aeginetia indica Cuscuta indicora Arceuthobium spp. Cuscuta planiflora

Arceuthobium americanum Cuscuta campestris

Arceuthobium pusillum Orobanche spp.

Conopholis spp. Phoradendron spp. Cuscuta major Striga spp. Cuscuta japonica

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Country of destination Prohibited Pests and Diseases Prohibited Weeds and Parasitic Plants

Contact APHA for further details

Thailand Ambrosia artemisiifolia Heliotropium europaeum Rumex obtusifolius

Amaranthus albus Hibiscus trionum Salvinia molesta Amaranthusblitoides Lolium temulentum Sencio vulgatis

Alopecurus myosuroides

Orobanche aegyptiaca Setaria faberi

Asphodelus tenuifolius Orobanche cernua Solanum carolinense

Avena fatua Orobanche crenata Solanum elaeagnifolium

Capsella bursa-pastoris Orobanche ramosa Spergula arvensis

Chenopodium album Parthenium hysterophorus Stellaria media

Conyza canadensis Phalaris minor Striga angustifolia

Cirsium arvense Polygonum aviculare Striga densiflora

Cirsium vulgare Polygonum convolvulus Striga hermonthica

Cuscuta campestris Raphanus raphanistrum Thlaspia arvense

Galium aparine Rumex acetosella Vicia sativa Tunisia Arceuthobium spp. Cuscuta spp. Orobanche spp. Turkey Aphelenchoides besseyi Arceuthobium spp. Eichhornia crassipes

USA

Contact APHA for further details

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Annex IV – Disinfestation by chemical: residual insecticide treatment and fumigation This Annex describes the processes which if applied rigorously by professional treatment companies, would be expected to achieve effective disinfestation of grain for export.

For the purposes of this protocol a professional treatment company is a company that is in the business of disinfecting grain by application of residual insecticide and/or by fumigation and who are certified under a recognised Trade Assurance Scheme (for example The Gafta Trade Assurance Scheme or equivalent) and/or hold current membership of the British Pest Control Association or equivalent Association specifically relevant for these activities.

Subject to the continued approval of the substances in question for the purposes described, APHA PHSI will as a general rule accept certificates of treatment completed by professional treatment companies as evidence that such treatments have been undertaken and are expected to be effective under the particular circumstances.

It remains the responsibility of treatment companies to ensure that the substances they use continue to be permitted for the purposes under the Control of Pesticides legislation and that all other relevant legislation, including health and safety measures, are observed. The pesticide product label must be consulted and all applications must be made in accordance with the statutory conditions of approval of the pesticide. It remains the responsibility of the grain export trade to ensure that any treatments meet the requirements of importing countries.

Residual insecticide treatment The temperature of the grain during loading and length of time between loading and discharge will have an effect on the efficacy of the treatment applied. Correct application of a UK approved pesticide undertaken by professional treatment companies within the conditions of approval and taking into account the following temperature and time provisions will normally be accepted for the purposes of phytosanitary certification of the grain:

Grain temperature Length of time between treatment of infested grain and discharge

10°C and above 5 days or more

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Grain temperature Length of time between treatment of infested grain and discharge

7.5°C to less than 10°C 8 days or more

5°C to less than 7.5°C 10 days or more

At less than 5°C treatment will be effective in certain specific situations. For guidance refer to the Fera Laboratory.

Fumigation Fumigation with phosphine in ships’ holds undertaken rigorously by professional treatment companies within the conditions of approval and taking into account, as appropriate, the following data, will normally be accepted for the purposes of phytosanitary certification of the grain. For fumigation other than in ships’ holds advice should be sought from the Fera Laboratory.

• Probe system: aluminium phosphide probed into the cargo to a minimum depth of 1.5 metres, either by means of tablet/pellet directly into the cargo; or with the aluminium phosphide contained within retrievable sleeves, packages or sachets.

• Re-circulation system: powered fan linked to fumigation ducts at the bottom of each hold. Re-circulation of the fumigant, which may be placed on or near the surface or probed into the cargo, is then carried out continuously.

• Fumigant: aluminium phosphide (AlP) or Magnesium phosphide (MgP), based on products currently approved for use in the UK.

Note: When using the Probe system as above, it is not acceptable to bury the aluminium phosphide on or near the surface of the cargo; it must be probed in as set out above.

Temperature Time (days)1 Fumigant Rate2

10 °C and above 12 or more3 AIP 1.75g

15 °C and above 10 or more AIP 1.75g

Probe system 20 °C and above 7 or more AIP 1.75g

20 °C and above 5 or 6 AIP 1.75g

Less than 10 °C Ineffective

Temperature Time (days)1 Fumigant Rate2

5 °C and above 12 or more4 MgP 1.5g

GSOP 1 (Rev. 12/2020) 21

10 °C and above 10 or more MgP/AIP 1.25g

Re-circulation system

15 °C and above 8 or more MgP/AIP 1.25g

20 °C and above 5 or more MgP/AIP 1.25g

Less than 5 °C Refer to Fera

Note: the probe and re-circulation methods shown above are the only methods acceptable for the purposes of phytosanitary certification. Other methods are not acceptable as they will not achieve effective disinfestation.

1 Time is the length of time between treatment of infested grain and discharge.

2 Amount of phosphine required per m3 of hold volume. NB: Phosphine generating formulations release 1g of PH3 per 3g of formulated product.

3 16 days or more if Sitophilus species present.

4 21 days or more if Sitophilus species present.

Review of procedures, substances etc. The guidelines above will be reviewed periodically. It is important to emphasise, however, the information contained in this Annex must not be taken as a definitive statement of Pesticides legislation. It is for those companies which undertake chemical treatments or fumigation to ensure that they comply fully with all relevant pesticide legislation, including the Food and Environment Protection Act 1985, the Control of Pesticides Regulations 1986 as amended by the Control of Pesticides (Amendment) Regulations 1997, the Plant Protection Products Regulations 1995 as amended and the Plant Protection Products (Basic Conditions) Regulations 1997. There may also be Health and Safety requirements including, where appropriate, the requirements of the UK Merchant Shipping (Carriage and Cargoes) Regulations 1997 as they relate to the use of pesticides in ships.

Companies should also note that pesticide approvals, once granted, are themselves subject to review and change.

If in doubt companies should seek guidance from:

The Health and Safety Executive – Chemicals Regulation Directorate – Pesticides, Mallard House, Kings Pool, 3 Peasholme Green, York YO1 7PX.

Telephone Information Services on – (01904) 455775

E-mail – pesticides@hse.gov.uk for plant protection products (generally agricultural pesticides)

GSOP 1 (Rev. 12/2020) 22

or

The Health and Safety Executive, Biocides and Pesticides Assessment Unit, Magdelene House, Stanley Precinct, Bootle, Merseyside L20 2QZ. Telephone – (01519) 513219

E-mail – biocides@hse.gsi.gov.uk for biocidal products (generally non-agricultural pesticides).

GSOP 1 (Rev. 12/2020) 23

Annex V – Grain Exports from Scotland For grain exports from Scotland contact your local RPID Agricultural Officer.

General Information The procedures detailed in this protocol also apply for grain exports from Scotland.

Application procedures The application procedures detailed on page 3 also apply for grain exports from Scotland, with the exception that applications should be made to the Scottish Government Rural Payments and Inspections Directorate and not APHA PHSI. For addresses of RPID offices see the Scottish Government website at:

https://www.ruralpayments.org/publicsite/futures/topics/contact-us/

Charging Fees will be charged for the certification of consignments and a separate fee maybe charged for any sampling or testing carried out by OSTS.

Sampling and inspection procedures The sampling and inspection procedures detailed on pages 4 & 5 also apply for grain exports from Scotland with the exception that:

In Scotland all samples should be submitted to:

Official Seed Testing Station (OSTS) Science and Advice for Scottish Agriculture (SASA) Roddinglaw Road Edinburgh EH12 9FJ Tel: (0131) 2448900 Fax: (0131) 2448971 Email: osts@sasa.gov.uk

For grain consignments being loaded in Scotland disinfestation advice should be sought from SASA (above address)