10urnal of Scientitic & Industrial Research

Vol. 62, December 2003 , pp 111 9- 11 30

Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Adiantum Species

G Brahmachari *, S M ondal, 0 C hatte rj ee and A K Brahmachari

Natura l Products Laboratory, Department o f Chemistry, Vi sva-B harati University , Santiniketan 73 1 235, West Bengal

The present rev iew deals with traditional uses of Adianlw n species in the treatment o f va ri ous ailments along with the stud ies of biological activity and phytochemistry o f the plant species reporting up to 2002. Till date, no t much of work has been done on these plant species. Hence the review anticipates to provoke keen interest o f various o f workers to undertake works on genu s Adiallfum the major portion of which remains unex pl ored.

K eywords: Adianlwn species, Traditi onal uses, Biological acti vity, Phytochemical constituents

Introduction

Adiantum species are well -known for their significant medic inal effi cac ies and are being traditi onally used in the treatment of various ailments for a long period l .2 • Adiantum is a large and di verse genus of fe rns of about 150 species' . It is evidentl y an old and morpho logically isolated genus with re lati ons to the Pteridaceae, but without clear a lli ance to any parti cul ar group within it. Much di scussion regarding its taxonomical c lass ificati on is available, previously the genu s was regarded as under the family PoLypodiaceae4 ; latte r it was c lass ified as under the fa mil y Adiantaceai·5. But T ryon et aC have taxonomica ll y subdi vided the famil y Preridaceae into many subfam ilies, where .the s ing le genus Adiantum constitutes the subfamil y Adiantoideae. The genus ex hibits both aneupl o id and po lyplo id se ri es as observed from many chromosome coun ts (e.g. n = 29, 30, 57, 58, 60, 90, 11 4 , I 16, J 22, 150 and c. 180)'. It is pantropi ca l with ex tensions northward to Newfoundland, A laska and northeas tern As ia and south ward to southern South America, southern Africa and New Zealand . In Indi a about nine spec ies are genera ll y found, mos t of which a re being used in the indi genous system of medic ine2.4 . It is evident from I ite rature survey that out of about 150 spec ies, onl y few of them have been cons idered so far for study ing thei r bio logica l activ ity and phytochemical in vestigati on. Most of them are lying unex pl ored . T he a im of the present review is to focus on the che mjcal stud ies of the Adiantum spec ies reported so fa r a long

* Au thor for correspondence e-mail: brahmg2001 @yahoo.co .in

with detailed reporting on the bio logical actIVIt ies shown by the Adiantum spec ies as studied . Many inte resting findin gs regarding the ir bio logical activity and structural variety of the isolated chem ical components have appeared ; the chemi cal components at hand may be much informati ve to the chemotaxonomists to solve the age-o ld confusion regarding exact taxonomical class ificati on of thi s genu s. Besides the rev iew antic ipates to draw keen attention of vari ous workers to undertake furt her research works on the pl ant species of thi s genus, major portion of which remains unex pl ored.

Plant Species Used As Traditional Medicine

Traditional uses of Adian/lInl spec ies 111 indigenous system of medic ine in the treatment of numerous a ilme nts are noteworthy.

(i) Adiantum Lun.uLatum Burm. Syn.. A. phiLippense Linn.

In Indi a the pl ant is traditi onall y used in the treatment o f vari ous diseases among the loca l and tribal people, mainl y in b lood diseases, ep il eptic fi ts, e rys ipe las , fever, dysentery, ulcers, fe brile affect ions, atropy, emac iati on or cachexy, muscul ar pain and rabies2.6. Rhi zomes prescribed fo r strangury and also in fe ver due to elephantias is2. Fronds are burnt in o il and applied to itches4 . Hosagoudar and Henr/ mentioned that the p lant species is used in b irth contro l among the triba l "So liga" o f B ili giri Rangana Betta in M ysore d istrict of Karnataka, Ind ia . The authors have reported that a handful of root paste of A. Lunulatum (locall y known as Seni ya or Sanya) mi xed with the water dripped from hair while bathi ng, is being admini ste red to women ora ll y once d uring

11 20 J SCI IND RES VOL 62 DECEMB ER 2003

menstrual pe ri od for pe rmanent ste rility. To get fruitful result , these women are not supposed to mix with men for a period of two months.

(ii) A. caLldarum Linn. syn. A . incisum Fo rsk

Frond s of thi s plant are used in the treatment of sk in d iseases, hemicrani a, di abetes, cough and feverH , and in othe r loca l uses8 The pl ant is a lso used as spas mo lyti c and anti-bio ti c6.

(iii) A. capillus-veneris Linn.

T he fe rn is used as a pectoral demulcent , expectorant , e mmenagogue, di ureti c and tonic2. It is used in co ld imposthumes o f uretLl s, hard swe llings and in cases of ha rd tumours of spleen, li ver, and other visceri ·u . F ronds wi th honey are a lso used in cata rrh affec ti ons6.

(i v) A . .f/a/)eLl ula /UlI1 Linn .

The pl ant rhi zomes are used as anthe lmi ntic; a lso used aga inst gripe. T he herb IS a lso used as med ic ine for cough.J.

(v) A. pedatum Linn.

T he pl an t is empl oyed in France and North Amer ica as a pec toral in chronic cata rrh.J. The herb is a lso used as stimul ant , expec torant , demulcent, tonic,

. d ' 4 astri ngent, an e mmenagogue-·.

(v i ) A. vel/ us /um C. D Oll

P lant fronds a re used as to nic, ex pectora t, d iureti c . emme nagogue, astringent, e mati c, and a lso used in scoop ionstin g.J. The fe rn appea rs to consti tu te muc h o f the drug Hansra/ in Punjab, India which is lIsed as an anodyne in bronchiti s; the he rb is a lso used to treat bili ousness affecti ons, inflammatory di sease of chest, ophtha lmia, hydrophobia, co ld , and headacheh.

t

)

(vii ) A. ae/hiopicuJn Linn. Syll. A. ell1arginatum Bedd.

Leaves of the pl ant are used as emo lument in coughs and di seases of chest.J.

( I' iii ) A. leneru lJ1 Sw.

T he plant is used as sudori fic , expectorant and demu lcent4

Biological Activity

Adiantum spec ies possess immense traditi ona l app li ca ti ons, as di scussed earli e r. So fa r, onl y a ve ry few spec ies have been sc reened for the ir bi o logical act ivity and the experimenta l results show a wide spec trum of such effect. Hence, adiantum spec ies

demand an extensive study on the ir bi o logical ac irivity .

Hypoglycaemic Activity

Neef et al. 10 have shown that A. capillus-veneris could play a vital role in regul ating blood g lucose leve ls of diabeti c patients . The authors ex hausti ve ly stud ied the effec t of wate r and a lcoho lic ex tracts of the p lant species using Oral G lucose To le rance Test (OGTT), a well accepted and frequentl y used model to sc reen hypoglycaemic acti vity. It was observed that onl y the wate r ex trac t of A. capillus-vell eris shows hypoglycaemic effec t, whil e the a lcoho li c ex trac t inc reases the bl ood g lucose levels in ex perimenta l mode ls (mice). Though ultimate e ffec t of the water ex tract becomes hypoglycaemic, it was fo und that it provokes an initi a l ri se in g lucose levels .

A. capillus-veneris when ad ministered 60 min pri or to dex trose load, it induced an initi a l ri se of the glucose levels at to (p < 0.00 I , P = s ignifi cance of diffe rence be tween contro ls and treated groups evalu ated using M ann-Whitney tes t ' '), but at / + 60 and +90 min , respec ti ve ly , 20 per cent and 16 per cent decrease of the glycaemi a were observed . Hydrosoluble che mica l components of the wate r ex tract are probabl y respons ible for the hypoglycaemic e ffect ; ce ll cultures, intes tin a l fragments and commerc ia l enzymes m ight be useful to contro l a large quantity of prepared fract ions. Ethano l ic (50 per cent) ex tract of another plant species A. incisum was a lso fOlln d to ex hi bit hypoglycaemic e ffec t '2.

Ant(fill1gaL Ac/ivity

S igni ficant antifunga l acti vity shown by the species A. lunulatum again st M icrosporum nanum , was reported by Rai ". In. vitro study o f the aqueous leaf-ex trac t of the pl ant spec ies was found to suppress the growth of M. nanum in I min afte r the applica ti on of the ex tract, while no growth was observed afte r 30 min .

Cardiovascula r Activity

The Iraqi workers'4 have reported that Iraq i spec ies of genus Adiantum possess cardi ovascul ar ac ti vity . They used a lcoho li c ex tracts of leaves and roots in evaluating such acti vity of the p lant mate ri a ls. These ex tracts in concentra tions of 1- J 0 mg/kg were found tD produce dose-dependent vasodepressor

BRAHMCHARI el al.: PHYTOCHEMICAL & BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF ADIANTUM SP 1121

effects in experimental rats. Hypotensive ac tion of another plant species A. capillus-veneris was also reported by T waij et al.'5 in experimental models.

Diuretic Activity

Diuretic act ivity of the species A. capillus-veneris was also observed IS. It was found that total aqueous and/or alcoholic extract of the plant when admini stered ora lly or intraperitoneally to the test animals (rats, mice and guinea pigs), satisfactory results were obtained. The same activity ex hibited by alcoholic ex trac t of some Iraqi species under genus Adiantum was also reported ' 4.

Anti-microbial Activity

M ahmoud et al. ' 6 have reported that the methanoli c ex tract of A. capillus- veneris (aerial parts) shows hi gh degree of antimicrobia l potency agai nst Gram (+), Gram (-) bacteria and Candida spec ies. The representative microbes screened were Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylocoous aureus, Pseudomonas aerugl11osa, Candida lbicaus, and Candida pseutropicalis. Concentrations between 2 - 0.1 mg/mL of the ex tract were tested aga inst a ll the microbes, as mentioned above, and the ir anti-microbial act ivity was recorded. T he ex tract of 2 mg/mL concentration exhibited a very promi sing result. The minimum inhibitory concentrati ons for E. coli and S. aureus as a representati ve Gram (-) and Gram (+) bacteria were determined, respective ly, as 250 ~g/mL and 300 ~g/mL. The authors further reported that the fl avonoid constituents of the methanolic extract are responsible for the effective anti-microbial activity .

An.ti viral Activity

C rude ex tract of some Adiantum plants were also found to show anti viral act ivities. Significant ant iviral ac tivity of A. capillus- veneris was observed bio logica ll y on cellul ar cultures '7. Leaf and fro nds extract o f another spec ies A. venustum inhibit the formati on of loca l les ions effec tive ly on Chenopodillm amaranticolor by cucumber mosa ic virus, as reported by Pandey and Bhargava ' 7.

Reports of Chemical Constituents

The chemical constituents iso lated so far from Adiantum spec ies, a long with their avai lab le physical data and vari ous spectra used for the ir characterizat ion are enli sted in Table I . The ir structures (1-34) are a lso given in Figure l.

Acknowledgement

The authors are thankful to NISCAlR, CSlR, New Delhi for document supply and also to Dr K N Bhattacharya, Botany Department, Visva-Bharati University for useful discuss ion .

References I Husson G P, Vilagines R & Delaveau P, Research in to

antiviral properties of a new natural extract, Ann Pharlll Fr, 44 ( 1986) 41.

2 The Usefu l plan Is of India, by S P Ambasta (Ed itor-in-Chief) (CSIR, PID, New Delhi) 1986, 15.

3 Tryon R M, Tryon A F & Kramer K U, cited in Thefalllilies and genera of vascular planls, edited by K Kubitzki (Narosa Publication House, India and Springer- Verlag, ew York) Vol 1, 1990, 248.

4 Chopra R N, Nayar S L & Chopra I C, Glossarv of Indian medicinal planls (PID, CS IR, New Delhi) 1956, 7.

5 Rashid A, An inlroduclion to pteridophYla , 2"'1 ed (Vikas Publi shing House Pvt Ltd , New Delhi ) 1999 , 103.

6 Asolkar L V, Kakkar K K & Chakre 0 J, Second .wpplelll eni 10 glossary of In dian medicinal planls wilh aClive principles (P ID, CS IR, New Delhi) Part 1, 1992,24.

7 Hosagoudar V B & Henry A N, Plants used in birth control and reproducti ve ailment s by Soligans Biligiri Rangana Betta in Mysore District of Karnataka, El/lI1 obol. 5 ( 1993 ) 11 7.

8 Sachilralll Ayurveda, 33 ( 1980-8 1) 494.

9 The weallh of India, raw lIl ateria ls (PID, New Delhi) Vol. lA , 1985 , 81.

10 Neef H, Declercq P & Laekeman G, Hypogycaemic ac tivity of selected Eoropean pl ants, Phylother Res, 9 ( 1995 ) 45 .

II Tall arida R J & Murray R B, Manua l of' pharmacolog ic calculalions wilh compuler prograllls, 2"t! eel (Springer -Verlag, New York) 1987, 149.

12 Rastogi R P & Mehrotra B N, CO IIII!emlilllll of Indian medicinal pial/IS (CDRI , Lucknow & PID, New Delhi ) Vol.l , 1991 , 10.

13 Rai M K, In Vitro sensitivity of Microsporum nallLl m of some plant extracts, Indian Drugs , 25 ( 1989) 521 .

14 AI - Jeboory A A & Hassan A M, Cardiovascul ar effects of Saliva, Adianlum and Cleolll e (Indigenous Iraq i Plants) , Indial/ J Phar/nacol, 16 ( 1984) 117 .

15 Twaij H A A, Elisha E E & AI-Jeboory A A, Screeni ng of Iraqi medicinal plants for diureti c ac ti vit y, In dial/ J Phanlla· col, 17 ( 1985) 73.

16 Mahmoud M J, Jawad A M, Hussai n A M, AI-Omary M & AI- aib A, In vit ro antimicrobial ac ti vil y of Salso la rosmarinus and Adiantu/n capillus-veneris , In l .I Crude Dl'IIg Res, 27 ( 1989) 14.

17 Pandey A K & Bhargava K S, Antiviral acti vi ty of crude extracts of some Pteridophytes, Indian .I For, 3 ( 1980) 132.

18 Hayat S, Atta-ur-Rahman, Choudh ary, M I, Khan , K M, Latif, H & Bayer E, Two new triterpenes from fern Adial/IUIII incisLl Ill , Z Na/i./Ifo rsch, 578 (2002) 233 .

19 Chopra N, Alam M S & Ali M, Isolati on and characterization of two novel tr~terpenes from AdianlulII venSIll/lln, II/dian .I Chelll, 408 (200 I) 350.

1122

Compound, molecular formul a, I1lp ('IC) , [alD

Adininaneone (2 1 ~ -hyd roxy- I S-oxo-hop-16-ene) C~IIH 4X02 223" I aJ D2S" - 40.2'1 (C HCI,)

Adi nin aonol (20~-hydroxy- 1 9-oxolean)

C2,)H4X0 2227" I alI)2S" - 29.4" (CHCI ~)

Adiantlltirucali ene B l t i ruca ll -8 ,22-cyclo-24(2S)-ene i, C.'IIH511 183"- 84" [aJ I)2S" - 47" (C HCI )

Adiantlilanostene [1 3, 14-seco-8 ,22-cyclo lanost -S (6), 24(2S)-diene], C 11IH511 148"-SO'' [a ID2S" - 46" (CHCI))

29-Norhopan-22-01 , C2y H1IIO, 242" - 4S" lall) +3 .04" (CHCl)

J SCI IND RES VOL 62 DECEMBER 2003

Table I - Phytochemical constituents of Adiantum species

Spectra recorded

2

UV /vis , IR, 'H- & uC_ NMR,2D-NMR (HM IBC, HMQC) , ElMS, HRMS

UV/vis, IR, IH_ & I3C_ NMR,2D-NMR (HM I3C, HMQC), ElMS, HRMS

IR, IH _ & uC_ NM R, IH_I H & ' H_ 13C COSY, ElMS , HRMS

IR, IH_ & uC_ NM R, IH_I H & IH_uC COS Y, ElMS, HRMS

IR, IH & 13C-NM R, ElMS

Structure

3

OH

1

3

4

Source

4

A. ill c isum (Methanolic extract, ethyl acetate fraction )

A. inciswn (Methanolic extract, ethyl acetate fraction)

A. inciicllm Ghatak (a member of A . cCiudmwl! comp lex ) petrol extract of ae ri al parts

A. vell/./s{W/1 (ethyl acetate fraction of ethanoli c extract of aeri al part s and roots)

A. ind iclIIJI Ghatak (a member ofA . cCiudalum complex) petrol extrac t of aeri al pans

Reference

S

I ~

18

19

19

20

BRAHMCHARI e/ al.: PHYTOCHEMICAL & BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF ADIANTUM SP 1123

Table I - Phytochemi cal constituents of Adiantum species - (Contd)

Compound , mo lecul ar Spectra recorded Structure Source Reference formula, mp ('C), [aJo

2 3 4 S

P-Sitostero l IR , 'H & I3C-N MR , A. illdicum Ghatak 20 C2y H,oO , 139

0 ElMS (a member of A.

[a Jo -360 (CHC I, ) cauda/um complex) petro l extract o f

HO aeri al parts A. /halic/roides 21

6 (chloroform extrac t)

P-Sitosterol glucoside, IR, 'H & 13CNMR , A. illdicum Ghatak (a 20

C" Hr" Or" 2830

- 860 ElMS member of A.

cauda/um complex) ethanolic extrac t o f

Glu-O aerial parts

7

Met h yl-p-cou marate, UV, IR , ' H-NMR ~COOM' A. thalictroides 21 CIOH 100" 1360 - 38

0

I ~ (petrol extract)

HO # 8

Filicene IR, ' H-NMR , ElMS H A. illdicum Ghatak 20 C,oH,o, 22So (a member o f A.

caudatum complex) pet rol extract of aerial parts

Me A. venus/um 22 9 (petrol extract)

A. peda /wn 23 (hexane extract of leaves)

Adi antoxide ElMS H A. capillus-veneris 24 , 25 (3a,4 a -epoxy li li cane) C,oH,oO 229(1- 3 10

f aJ o30o + 46.80

Me 10

Fil icenal \JV , IR , NMR , ElMS H A. peda/um 23 C,oH4XO (hexane extract of 27i' dried leaves) falo25°+ 74" (CHC I,)

CHO 11

-Contd

1124

Compound, molecular formula , mp (oC), [ajo

6a-Acetoxy- 1 6~,22-

dihydroxy-3-ketoiso-hopane C , 2HS20 \ 26 1°- 62°

Psoralene C"H(,O, 161 °_63°

3 ~-Acetoxy-21 a-H-hop-22(29)ene C,2H520 2 283°- 84°

Adiantone (22-oxo-2 1 ~-H-hopane) C29H4XO 222'1- 24° [aJo200+ 80°

21-H ydrox y-adiantone C29 H4X0 2 281°- 84° [ajo + 18° (dioxane) + 50o(py))

J SCI IND RES VOL 62 DECEMBER 2003

Tab le I - Phytochemical constituents of Adiantum species - (Contd)

Spectra recorded

2

IR, IH & uC-NMR, ElMS

UV, IR, IH-NMR, ElMS

IR , IH & uC-NMR, ElMS

IR, lH-NMR, ElMS

IR , IIH-NMR, ElMS

\ .A

Structure

3

12

oCCl 10 # 0 0 13

CCMe)=CH2

14

H

15

OH

16

Source

4

A. lunulatum (petrol extract of whole plants)

A. thalictroides (petrol extract)

A. lunulatum (petrol extract of whole plants)

A. indicum Ghatak (a member of A. caudatum complex) petrol extract of aeri al parts A. capillus-veneris (petrol extract)

A. thalictroides (petrol extract)

A. pedatum (hexane extract of leaves) A. venustW/l (petrol extract) A. incisum

A. venustum (petrol extract) A. capillus-veneris

Reference

5

26

21

27

20, 28

29

21

23

22

18

22

-Contd

BRAHMCHARI et al.: PHYTOCHEMICAL & BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF ADIANTUM SP

Compound, molecular formu la, mp ( IC), [a]D

Isoadiantone C2~H4RO , 230°_ 3il [a]D2011 + 411 (CHCI3)

Table I - Phytochemical constituents of Adiantum species - (Contd)

Spectra recorded Structure

2 3

IR , 'H-NMR, ElM S

\ A 17

Source

4

COMe A. capillus- velleris (petrol extract)

A. caudatl.1I1l (petrol extract)

A . tha lictroides (petrol extrac t)

1125

Reference

5

29

28

21

A. illcisulll 18

Kaempferol-3-glucoside (Astragalin) CZIH211011

Kaempferol-3-sulphate [C I 5 H ~09Sr

Kaempfero l-3- rhamno-glucos ide ( icotiilorin )

Electrophoresis & UV(with and without va ri ous shift reagents) [contirmrd

HO

HO

HO

OR

OH 0

18. R : glucosyl

OH 0

19

OR

OH 0

20. R : rhamnog lucosy l

(methanol-extract , elhylacetate fracti on)

OH A. aethiopicll/II

OH A. capillus- veneris (ethanolic extrac t of fresh frond s)

OH A. capilllls-vell eris

6

30

6

-Corltd

11 26

Compound, molecular formula, mp (IIC), I a lo

Quercet i n-3 -O-glucoside C21 H2I10 12 23611- 3811

Qucrcitu rone C2I H I~O U 182" la ]1) -23"

Rutin

C 2"; H 'IIO I(' 19 111

[a lo -3611 (py)

Acl ipedataol

C2"H.1X0 2 185 11- i)i)" I aJo + XSIl (CHCI,)

An ester C2~ H5 .j02 185 11- 9011

A ketone C2, H.j1l0 or C2(,H.120 22i'- 24" I a l\l23" + XO. 06" (CHCI.,)

J SCI IND RES VOL 62 DECEMBER 2003

Table I - Phytochemical constituenls of Adiantum species - (Contd)

Spectra recorded Structure

2 3

UV , 1R, IH & I.1C_ OH NM R, El MS

HO

OR

OH 0

21 . R : glucosyl

O H

HO

O R

OH 0

22. R : glucuronosyl

OH

HO

OR

OH 0

23. R : ruti nosyl

UV , IR, NMR, El M S

OH

OH

OH

Source

4

A. indiculIl Gltarak (a member o f A. caudallllll cOI11/J/ex) ethylacetale extract A. velluslUiIl

A. capillus- velleris

A. capillus-veneris

A. peda lum (hexane extract of leaves)

A. capillus- veneris (petro l eXl ract)

A. capillus- veneris (petro l extract)

Reference

5

20

6

6

6

23

3 1

31

-Contd.

BRAHMC HARI el al.: PHYTOCHEMI CAL & BIOLOGICAL ACTI VITIES OF ADIANTUM SP

Compound, molecul ar formula, mp (0C) , [alo

Ferene C1I1H,II. 17 1 °_72°

8-fernene C,oH,II. 19 111-920

[alo+ 1811 (CHCI,)

7-fernene C10H,02 11 °- 13° [~l o~ '180 (CHCI)

23-hydroxyfernene C'OH500. 1

11 28

Compound, molecul ar formul a, Illp tiC), [a]D

Lellcopclargonidin C"H,40(" 220° [alD +9°

Prllnin C21H220111. 225° falD - 42()

Hcntri acontane C1i H ,,~. 68°

16-hent ri acontanone (Palillitone) Cl1 H('20 82°

A diol C,OH520 2. 243°_44°

' [alD200+ 14 .84° (CHCI,)

3 ~-acetoxy-6a- hydroxy-hop-

15 ,17(2 1 )-di cne C,2 H500 l, 233°-35°

J SCII ND RES VOL 62 DECEMBER 2003

Table I - Phytochemical constituents of Adialltum species - (Contd)

Spectra recorded

2

UV , IR , 'H & uC_ NMR, ElMS

HO

Glu-O

Structure

3

OH OH

30

OH 0

31

OH

"

BRAHMCHARI el al.: PHYTOCHEMICAL & BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF ADIANTUM SP

H

4

~COOMe

I """ HO ""'" 8

_ ri?H w:~' Y

RO

R

H, RI : C( Me) = C H2 : COMe, R1 : H COMe, R1 : OH H, R1 : COMe

(fem ane)

25. R : Me, 9( II )-ene (femelle) 26. R : Me, 8(9)-enc 27. R : Me, 7(8)-ene 28. R: -C H20H , 9( 11 )-ene

""" OH

""'"

31. R : gl ucosyl

9. R : Me 10. R : Me ; 3.4-eP(lxy II . R ; CHO

R,

"'" OH

HO ""'"

OR

OH 0

18. R : glucosyl, R I : H 19. R :[ s03f , RI : H 20. R : rhamnoglucosyl, RI : H 21. R : glucosyl, R I : OH 22. R : glucurollosyl , R I : OH 23. R : rutinosyl, RI : OH

,r

I 29

Me(CH2) 14CO(CH2) 14Me

33

12

RO

3

6. R : H 7 . R : gluc(lsyl

~ o 0 0 13

,~ ..... .,""'/ O~/OH

R i O

\ H " 24

""" OH

HO ~

OH OH OH

30

Figure 1- Structures of the phytochemicals iso lated from AdianlUin species

I 129

1130 J SCI IND RES VOL 62 DECEMBER 2003

20 Gupta M, Bagchi A, Roy S K & Ray A B, Chemical constituents of member of Adiantum caudaturn compl x, lllldian Chem Soc, 67 (1990) 86 .

2 1 Erazo S , Garci a R, Mendez F, Latorre I & Negrete R, Second ary metabolites of Adiantum thalictroides Wild. Ex Schl echt var. hirsutum (Hook. Et Grev) de la Sota, Rev LarilloCllller Quil1l, 22 ( 1991) 5.

22 Zaman A, Prakash A, Berti G , Bottari F, Macchi a B, Marsili A & Morelli I, A new nor-triterpenoid keto l from two AdiaalllUm species, Tetrahedron Lell, No. 33 (1966) 3943 .

23 Ageta H & Iwata K, Fern constituents: Adipedatol, Filicenal and other triterpenoids isolated from Adiantwll pedatwn, Tetrahedron Lell, No. 48 ( 1966) 6069.

24 Berti G , Bottari F, Macchi a B & Marsili A, The structure of Adiantox ide, A triterpenoid epoxide with a new type of carbon skeleton, Tetrahedron Lell , No.1 ( 1964) I.

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