PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OFPLANT EXTRACTSArizaldo E. CastroLecturer I, S!O"#ecti$es%Orie&t o&esel' (it) t)e co&ce*t o' *la&t e+tract *re*aratio&.%Carr, out *),toc)e-ical scree&i&. o' *la&t e+tracts 'or co-*ou&ds suc) as as/%Al0aloids%Cardiac .l,cosides%Sa*o&i&sI&troductio&%P),toc)e-ical a&al,sis i& Et)&o"ota&, is a rele$a&t e+ercise to "e co-*leted. %Medici&al *la&ts )a$e "ee& used ", rural d(ellers (orld(ide si&ce a&ti1uit,.%T)era*eutic *ote&tials o' -edici&al *la&ts2 !i$ersit, o' Seco&dar, -eta"olites t)e, *roduce.%Medici&al a&d t)era*eutic a**licatio&s o' *la&ts i&clude t)e 'ollo(i&. %A&tio+ida&ts%A&ti"acterial%A&ti$iral%A&ti*arasitic%A&ti3i&'la--ator,%A&ti&eo*lastic.P l a & t M a t e r i a lI d e & t i t , o ' * l a & t - u s t " e e s t a " l i s ) e d a & d " e , o & d1 u e s t i o &4 o u c ) e r s * e c i - e & - u s t " e 0 e * tP l a & t E + t r a c tS o l $ e & t E + t r a c t i o & , S u * e r ' i c i a l F l u i d E + t r a c t i o & ,M i c r o ( a $ e 3 A s s i s t e d E + t r a c t i o & , S o l i d P ) a s eE + t r a c t i o &P ) , t o c ) e - i c a lS r e e & i & .T e s t s ' o r t ) e * r e s e & c e o ' / a l 0 a l o i d s , s t e r o i d s ,t e r * e & o i d s , a & t ) r a 1 u i & o & e s , ' l a $ o & o i d s , s a * o & i & s ,t a & & i & s , * o l , * ) e & o l s5o $s. 6o Pla&t Meta"olites7)ic) is *roduced i& "ul0, *ri-ar, or seco&dar, -eta"olites8Pri-ar, Meta"olites i&clude Car"o),drates, Protei&s, a&d Li*idsSeco&dar, Meta"olites i&clude Al0aloids, Steroids, a&d Fla$o&oidsPHYTOCHEMICALS%Alkaloids%Glycosides%Saponins%Fla$o&oids%Ta&&i&s%Ter*e&es%A&t)ra1ui&o&esAl0aloids%Lar.est .rou* o' 6o -eta"olites%C)e-icall, -ade u* o' a--o&ia co-*ou&ds 9&itro.e& "ases: (it) $arious radicals re*laci&. o&e or -ore o' t)e ),dro.e& ato-s i& t)e *e*tide ri&., -ost co&tai&i&. o+,.e&.PROPERTIES OF AL;ALOI!S%Al0ali&e i& reactio& 9tur&s red lit-us *a*er to "lue, ca& "e attri"uted &itro.e& ato-s:%Reacts (it) acids to 'or- cr,stal salt (it)out t)e *roductio& o' (ater%Most e+ist as solids%So-e e+ist as li1uids%Readil, solu"le i& alco)ol%itter taste%et 5 -l o' e+tract, add 6 to ? dro*s o' Ma,erFs rea.e&t. Record ,our o"ser$atio&s.9G: = Sli.)t Tur"idit,9GG: = !e'i&ite Tur"idit,9GGG: = Hea$, Preci*itatio&%B.2 Analysis for Cardiac glycoside contents%Ta0e a& e1ui$ale&t o' 5@ . *la&t -aterial 'ro- t)e stoc0 solutio& *re*ared i& Procedure A. %E$a*orate sa-*le to i&ci*ie&t dr,&ess o$er a (ater "at). Cool to roo- te-*erature.%!e'at ", ta0i&. u* t)e residue (it) H -l o' )e+a&e a&d (ater, 6/5 $A$.%Partitio& ", .e&tl, s)a0i&. t)e -i+ture i& a test tu"e.%Pi*ette out t)e u**er )e+a&e la,er.%Re*eat t)e treat-e&t (it) )e+a&e u&til -ost o' t)e colored *i.-e&ts )a$e "ee& re-o$ed. !iscard all t)e )e+a&e e+tracts *ro*erl,.%Heat t)e de'atted a1ueous la,er o$er a (ater "at) to re-o$e t)e residual )e+a&e. Cool to roo- te-*erature.%B.2.1 Keller-Kiliani Test%Add ? -l 'erric c)loride to o&e o' t)e *ortio&s o"tai&ed i& *rocedure .6. Stir.%7it) t)e test tu"e i& a& i&cli&ed *ositio&, add 5 -l o' co&ce&trated sul'uric acid allo(i&. it to tric0le o& t)e i&sides o' t)e test tu"e.%Allo( t)e -i+ture to sta&d u*ri.)t a&d o"ser$e 'or a&, coloratio& at t)e i&ter'ace o' t)e acid a&d t)e a1ueous la,ers.%B.3 Analysis for Saonin Contents%Load a ca*illar, tu"e 95E -- + 5 --: (it) t)e *la&t e+tract o"tai&ed 'ro- *rocedure A. O"tai& *la&t e+tract (it) a )ei.)t o' 5@ --.% Load a&ot)er ca*illar, tu"e (it) sa-e $olu-e o' distilled (ater.%Li't t)e ca*illar, tu"es a&d 0ee* "ot) i& a $ertical *ositio& to allo( t)e li1uid i&side to 'lo( out 'reel,.%Co-*are t)e )ei.)t o' t)e li1uids i& t)e t(o tu"es.T)a&0 You