Physiology in the 17th and 18th Centuries

Robert Brown; Discovered the nucleus in 1833

Traveled to Australia to carry out a natural research. He studied 1700 plant species.

Took over the Banksian Botanical Collection in the British Museum

While observing collected plant cells, he discovered an opaque spot in the middle of the cell, and named it the nucleus

Findings were published in the Linnean Society paper in 1833

He discovered that its structure was directly related to the cellular tissue

http://www.xtimeline.com/__UserPic_Large/108208/evt111002215900491.jpg

http://www.brianjford.com/porchida.jpg

http://ajweinmann.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/nucleus.jpg

John Hunter:1728-1793, The founder of Modern Surgery

Furthered relationship between physiological and anatomical studies

Proposed that animal functions, along with organs, allowed life

Developed the anatomical series: simple to “perfect”

Organization of Organs: “The more complicated a machine is, the more nice its operations are...therefore there is a more intimate connection through the whole.”

http://www.healio.com/endocrinology/news/print/endocrine-today/%7B42e69885-5267-4cf0-8a9d-2184664d3b20%7D/john-hunter-founder-of-scientific-surgery

Observations on certain parts of the animal oeconomy http://special.lib.gla.ac.uk/exhibns/scottish/sci-med.html

Antony van Leewenhoek: an unlikely scientist

DiscoveriesBacteriaFree-living and parasitic

microscopic protistsSperm cellsBlood cells Nematodes and RotifersObserved green charophyte alga in lake waterMade descriptions of protists including Vorticella

Also made many different types of microscopes1698 demonstrated circulation in the capillaries of an eel

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/leeuwenhoek.html

http://creationrevolution.com/2013/01/red-blood-cells-are-frisbees-tanks-and-wheels/

https://dspace.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/6386

Marcello Malpighi

Discoveries Capillaries Renal Glomeruli Urinary Tubules Dermal Papillae Taste Buds Glandular components of the liver

http://www.vhlab.umn.edu/atlas/physiology-tutorial/graphics/fig2.gif

http://www.interactive-biology.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/RedBloodCells3.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/MarcelloMalphigiMiall.jpg

Facts Used the microscope to express the

major types of plant and animal structures

Identified and described the pulmonary and capillary network connecting small arteries with small veins

First to see the red blood cells and attribute the color of blood to them in 1666

Concluded that most living material are glandular in organization

Saw an analogy between plant and animal organization

Robert Hooke

Discoveries/InventionsCreated “Hookes

Law”Invented Universal

JointsAnchor EscapementBalance SpringCoined the term

“Cell”Wrote the book

Micrographia

Disproved Aristotle’s theory of fossiles

Assisted Leeuwenhoek with the discovery of “little animals”

Scources

Robert Brown: Ricky. "Who Discovered the Cell Nucleus?" Web log post. Bright Hub. Bright Hub Inc, 27 Jan. 2009. Web. 12 Sept. 2013. <http://www.brighthub.com/science/genetics/articles/23805.aspx>.\

Robert Brown 2: Williams. "Anatomy and Physiology in the Nineteenth Century: Robert Brown and the Cell Nucleus." Imagado Mundi. Imagado Mundi, 2006. Web. 10 Sept. 2013. <http://www.cosmovisions.com/Williams040504.htm>.

Gascoigne, Bamber. “History of Marcello Malpihhi” HistoryWorld. From 2001, ongoing. [http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=46]

"Antony Van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)." Antony Van Leeuwenhoek. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Sept. 2013. <http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/leeuwenhoek.html>.

Hooke, Robert. Micrographia. Illustration. UCMP Berkley. July 5, 1995. Accessed September 12, 2013. http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/hooke.html.

Waggoner, Ben. "Robert Hooke 1635-1703." In UCMP Berkley.

 "John Hunter | Anatomy in the Age of Enlightenment." Umich.edu. The regents f

the University of Michigan, n.d. Web. 12 Sept. 2013. <http://www.umich.edu/~ece/student_projects/anatomy/people_pages/

hunterjohn.html>.