8/9/2019 Physio Report Shela

1/20

Respiratory Control System

Sensors Efect

Central Controller

Input

Brainstem: Pons, Medulla and other partso the brain

RespiraMusc

Chemoreceptors,un!s and other

receptors

8/9/2019 Physio Report Shela

2/20

8/9/2019 Physio Report Shela

3/20

Re!ulation o Breathin! in the

VOLUNTARY SYSTEM/CONTROL AUTOMATIC SYSTEM/CO

ocated in the cerebral corte#

Sends impulses to the respiratory motorneurons $ia the cortico spinal tracts

ocated in the pons and med

Motor out%o& rom this systerespiratory motor neurons lolateral and $entral portions ocord

8/9/2019 Physio Report Shela

4/20

CE"'R( CO"'ROERAUTOMATIC CONTROL VOLUNTARY

ME)*(R+ RESPIR('OR+CE"'ER

ocated in the Reticularormation o the Medulla

PO"'I"E RESPIR('OR+ CE"'ER CEREBR(

)orsalRespiratory.roup /)R.0

1entralRespiratory.roup /1R.0

8/9/2019 Physio Report Shela

5/20

)orsal Respiratory .roup /)R.02Inspiratory Cen .roup o Cells located in the )orsal re!ion o Medulla,primarily responsible or inspiration and !enerates thebasic rhythm or breathin!3

Input to the dorsal respiratory !roup comes rom the$a!us and !lossopharyn!eal ner$es3 'he $a!us ner$erelays inormation rom peripheral chemoreceptorsand mechanoreceptors in the lun!3 'he!lossopharyn!eal ner$e relays inormation romperipheral chemoreceptors3

Output rom the dorsal respiratory !roup tra$els, $iathe phrenic ner$e, to the diaphra!m3

Contains Inspiratory neurons that inner$ates the)iaphra!m and E#ternal Intercostals $ia the phrenicner$e3 'hese neurons are dischar!ed durin!inspiration and stop dischar!in! durin! e#piration/Respiratory Rhythm !enerator0

.enerates Inspiratory Ramp Si!nal

8/9/2019 Physio Report Shela

6/20

Inspiratory Ramp Si!nal

( si!nal !enerated by the )R.

'ransmitted to the inspiratory muscles

/diaphra!m0 It initiates inspiration &ith a &ea4 burst o

action potentials that !radually increase inamplitude, then ceases or the ne#t 5 secondsuntil a ne& cycle be!ins

6ramp si!nal7 8 causes a steady increase inthe $olume o the lun!s durin! inspiration,

rather than inspiratory !asps

Controls:

90 'he rate o increase o the ramp si!nal

0 'he limitin! point at &hich the rampsuddenly ceases

8/9/2019 Physio Report Shela

7/20

1entral Respiratory .roup /1R.0

(nterolateral to )R.

)o not appear to participate in the basicrhythmical oscillation

Increased respiratory dri$e

Both inspiration and e#piration /abdominalmuscles0

Inacti$e durin! normal ;uiet respiration

(cti$ated durin! hea$y breathin!< e3!3 e#ercise

)urin! such conditions, the increased acti$ityo inspiratory neurons acti$ates the 1R.

In turn, the acti$ated 1R. dischar!e:

=inhibitsinspiratory !roup

= stimulatesthe muscles o e#piration< internalintercostals /'>=50, abdominal recti /'?=50

8/9/2019 Physio Report Shela

8/20

8/9/2019 Physio Report Shela

9/20

(pneustic Center

8/9/2019 Physio Report Shela

10/20

Pneumota#ic Center

8/9/2019 Physio Report Shela

11/20

CE"'R( CO"'ROERAUTOMATIC CONTROL VOLUNTARY

ME)*(R+ RESPIR('OR+CE"'ER

ocated in the Reticularormation o the Medulla

PO"'I"E RESPIR('OR+ CE"'ER CEREBR(

)orsalRespiratory.roup /)R.0

1entralRespiratory.roup /1R.0

(pneustic Center ocated in

o&er Pons

Pneumota#icCenter ocated in

*pper Pons

Can o$erride thBrainstem &ithhypo$entilationhyper$entilatio

8/9/2019 Physio Report Shela

12/20

EEC'ORS

M*SCE ORESPIR('IO":

o)iaphra!m

oIntercostal Muscles

o

(bdominal Muscleso(ccessory Muscles

/e3!3Sternocleidomastoids0

8/9/2019 Physio Report Shela

13/20

8/9/2019 Physio Report Shela

14/20

SE"SORSCENTRAL

CHEMORECEPTORS

PERIPHERAL

CHEMORECEPTORS

LUNG AND

RECEPT

ocated near the 1entralsurace o the Medulla /inthe $icinity o the e#it oAthand 9thner$es0

Responds to chan!es inp o the EC2CS &henCO difuses out ocerebral capillaries

un! Receptors Pulmonary St

Receptors Irritant Recep @3 ReceptorsOthers /Outside "ose and *pp

Receptors

@oint and MusReceptors .amma Syste (rterial Baror Pain and 'em

8/9/2019 Physio Report Shela

15/20

Central Chemoreceptors

8/9/2019 Physio Report Shela

16/20

SE"SORSCENTRAL

CHEMORECEPTORS

PERIPHERAL

CHEMORECEPTORS

LUNG AND

RECEPT

ocated near the 1entralsurace o the Medulla /inthe $icinity o the e#it oAthand 9thner$es0

Responds to chan!es inp o the EC2CS &henCO difuses out ocerebral capillaries

ocated in the Carotidand (ortic bodies Responds to decreased

arterial PO, IncreasedPCO and D

Responds rapidly

un! Receptors Pulmonary St

Receptors Irritant Recep @3 ReceptorsOthers /Outside "ose and *pp

Receptors

@oint and MusReceptors .amma Syste (rterial Baror Pain and 'em

8/9/2019 Physio Report Shela

17/20

8/9/2019 Physio Report Shela

18/20

8/9/2019 Physio Report Shela

19/20

Pertinent abs:

ABG CBC

p 35 !b

pO ct

pCO FF GBC

CO5 A3 Se!

BE 53? ymph

O sat AH PC

8/9/2019 Physio Report Shela

20/20

Central Chemoreceptors

Peripheral Chemoreceptors