PHYSICS PROSPECTS AT THE ESR AND HITRAP · of excited levels in He-like uranium Martino Trassinelli...

Accurate spectroscopy

of excited levels in He-like uranium

Martino Trassinelli

Institute of NanoSciences of Paris, France

PHYSICS PROSPECTS AT THE ESR AND HITRAP

June 27 - 30, 2010, Eisenach, Germany

Experiment made at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung as

Alexander Von Humboldt fellow

29 July 2010

Atomic structure of highly charged ions

H-like ions

Dirac theory 2p3/2

2p1/2

1s1/2

2s1/2

Self Energy

Nuclear

Size

Vacuum

Polarization

QED corrections

E Z4/n3

Z: nuclear charge

n: principal quantum number

Important for s-states

2s Lamb shift

1s Lamb shift

2 Martino Trassinelli

29 July 2010


He-like ions


Radiative

QED

Electron-electron

interaction

Non-radiative

QED

1s2s 1S0

1s2p 1P1

1s2s 3S1

1s2 1S0

1s2p 3P2

1s2p 3P01s2p 3P1

29 July 2010


He-like ions


Radiative

QED

Electron-electron

interaction

Non-radiative

QED

1s2s 1S0

1s2p 1P1

1s2s 3S1

1s2 1S0

1s2p 3P2

1s2p 3P01s2p 3P1

A. Gumberidze et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 203004-4 (2004).

29 July 2010


He-like ions


Radiative

QED

Electron-electron

interaction

Non-radiative

QED

1s2s 1S0

1s2p 1P1

1s2s 3S1

1s2 1S0

1s2p 3P2

1s2p 3P01s2p 3P1

29 July 2010


He-like ions

[1] A. Schäfer et al., Phys. Rev. A 40, 7362 (1989).

( )1 1 2 1 vE M E p+

( )1

01 ,2S s s ( )3

01 ,2P s p

( )3

11 ,2S s s

( )1

01 ,1S s s

2 1E

1010 s

1310 s


1s2s 1S0

1s2p 1P1

1s2s 3S1

1s2 1S0

1s2p 3P2

1s2p 3P01s2p 3P1

Parity violation in He-like ions

experiment

29 July 2010

Intra-shell transition:4.50 keV in Uranium

Intra-shell transition spectroscopy


E1

M12E1

M1E1

E1

M2

1s2s 1S0

1s2p 1P1

1s2s 3S1

1s2 1S0

1s2p 3P2

1s2p 3P0

1s2p 3P1

Heavy He-like ions

29 July 2010




E1

M12E1

M1E1

E1

M2

1s2s 1S0

1s2p 1P1

1s2s 3S1

1s2 1S0

1s2p 3P2

1s2p 3P0

1s2p 3P1


Heavy He-like ions Heavy Li-like ions

E11s22p 2P3/2

1s22s 2S1/2

1s22p 2P1/2

29 July 2010

Heavy He-like ions


Heavy Li-like ions


• Same nucleus

• Same 1 el. QED contribution

Reduction of the systematic uncertainties

in the theoretical predictions

E1

M12E1

M1E1

E1

M2

1s2s 1S0

1s2p 1P1

1s2s 3S1

1s2 1S0

1s2p 3P2

1s2p 3P0

1s2p 3P1

E11s22p 2P3/2

1s22s 2S1/2

1s22p 2P1/2

29 July 2010

Intra-shell transitions at Super-EBIT

The population of the 3P2 level by electron impact excitation was not sufficient for measuring the transition energy in U90+!!

Uranium Intra-shell transitions at the super-EBIT

U90+

?


29 July 2010

The population of the 3P2 level by electron impact excitation was not sufficient for measuring the transition energy in U90+!!

Uranium Intra-shell transitions at the super-EBIT

U90+

?

Electron capture at GSI!

Intra-shell transitions at Super-EBIT


Experiment at the ESR

(August 2007)

29 July 2010

U91+ or U90+

ion beam

Nitrogengas-jet target

~ 1012 part./cm3

Martino Trassinelli

Ekin(He)= 43.55 MeV/uEkin(Li)= 32.60 MeV/u

(He) = 0.2955(Li) = 0.2955


(August 2007)

29 July 2010

U91+ or U90+

ion beam


Low ion velocity (+ low-Z target)

~ 1012 part./cm3

Electron capture in n = 2-5 levels

Efficient population of the 1s2p state

Ion velocity modulation

U91+ + N2 U90+ + N+ + …



(He) = 0.2955(Li) = 0.2955


(August 2007)

29 July 2010

U91+ or U90+

ion beam


Low ion velocity (+ low-Z target)

~ 1012 part./cm3

Electron capture in n = 2-5 levels

Efficient population of the 1s2p state

Ion velocity modulation Ion charge selection

U91+ + N2 U90+ + N+ + …

Comparison between He- and

Li-like U ions using Doppler tuning

Drastic reduction of the systematic uncertainties


(He) = 0.2955(Li) = 0.2955


Detectors system

29 July 2010

90˚

35˚

Solid state detector• Intrinsic germanium detector• Efficiency: ~ 2 x 10-5 • Large observable energy range• Resolution: 250 eV at 5.9 keV

Bragg crystal spectrometer• Efficiency: ~ 5 x 10-7

• Small observable energy range• Resolution: few eV at 4-5 keV


Ge(i) detector

Bragg spectrometer

= 35˚

= 90˚

E(He) ~ 4510 eVE(Li) ~ 4460 eV

Bragg ~ 46°

X-ray CCDAndor DO4201024x256 pixelsPixel size 26x26 μm2

Ge (220) bent crystalRad. of curv.: 800 mmDim.: 25x50 mm2

U91+,U90+

ion beam


Detectors system and Doppler tuning

29 July 2010

90˚

35˚

Solid state detector• Intrinsic germanium detector• Efficiency: ~ 2 x 10-5 • Large observable energy range• Resolution: 250 eV at 5.9 keV

Bragg crystal spectrometer• Efficiency: ~ 5 x 10-7

• Small observable energy range• Resolution: few eV at 4-5 keV

Relativistic Doppler effect

Elab(He) = 5689 eV, Elab(Li) = 5462 eV


= 35˚

= 90˚

E(He) ~ 4510 eVE(Li) ~ 4460 eV

Elab(He) = Elab(Li) = 4308 eV


(He) = 0.2956(Li) = 0.2579

Ge(i) detector

Bragg spectrometer

U91+,U90+

ion beam

Bragg ~ 46°


Spectrum of the solid state detector

29 July 2010

Balmer transitions(to n=2)

Paschen transitions(to n=3)

Ge(i) detector



29 July 2010

4F 3D

6 4


Balmer transitions(to n=2)

He-like intra-shell transition identified!!

7 4 4D 3P

1s2p 3P2 1s2s 3S1



29 July 2010


4F 3D

6 4

1s2p 3P2 1s2s 3S1

4D 3P7 4


High resolution He-like U spectrum

29 July 2010

CCD 2D plot

Energy

~70 eV

Martino Trassinelli

Crystal spectrometer

High resolution He-like U spectrum

29 July 2010

CCD 2D plot

Energy

Projection

~5 eV due to the gas-jet size !!

~70 eV


Crystal spectrometer

29 July 2010 Energy

He-like uranium 1s2p 3P2 - 1s2s 3S1 • Counts: ~ 328• Acquisition time: 24.6 hours• Ion cin. energy: 43.55 Mev/u• : 1.046771 ± 0.000020• Transition energy: around 4510 eV

Li-like uranium 1s22p 2P3/2 - 1s22s 2S1/2 • Counts: ~167• Acquisition time: 4.6 hours• Ion energy: 32.60 Mev/u• : 1.035025 ± 0.000020• Transition energy (Ref.): 4459.37 ± 0.21 eV [1]

[1] P. Beiersdorfer et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 3939 (1993), P. Beiersdorfer, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 99, 114 (1995)


High resolution He- and Li-like U spectra

29 July 2010 Energy



[1] P. Beiersdorfer et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 3939 (1993), P. Beiersdorfer, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 99, 114 (1995)

Same transition energy in the laboratory frame

(E= 4308 eV)

Systematic errors

reduction!!




29 July 2010 Energy 24 Martino Trassinelli

x

D = 575 mm

EHe = ELiγHe

γLi

(1 +

Δx

tanΘB D

)



4508.5

4509.0

4509.5

4510.0

4510.5

4511.0

Tra

nsiti

on e

nerg

y (e

V)

29 July 2010

Comparison with theory He-like U

He-like uranium 1s2p 3P2 - 1s2s 3S1 transition energy

Kozhedub 2008 [5]

Drake 1988 [1]

Chen 1993 [2]

Plante 1994 [3]

Artemyev 2005[4]

Indelicato [6]

Our value [7]


[1] Drake, Can. J. Phys. 66, 586 (1988), [2] Chen et al., Phys. Rev. A 47, 3692 (1993), [3] Plante et al., Phys. Rev. A 49, 3519 (1994), [4] Artemyev et al., Phys. Rev. A 71, 062104 (2005), [5] Kozhedub and Shabaev, unpubblished (2008), [6] Indelicato, unpublished (2008),[7] Trassinelli et al., Eur. Phys. Lett. 87, 63001 (2009).

Our value: 4509.71 ± 0.99 eVTheory: 4509.86 ± 0.07 eV [5]

4510.03 eV [6]

29 July 2010

Comparison with theory He-like U

He-like uranium 1s2p 3P2 - 1s2s 3S1 transition energy

Two electron QED = 0.76 eV [4,5]

Two loop QED = 0.20 eV [4,5]



4510.03 eV [6]

4508.5

4509.0

4509.5

4510.0

4510.5

4511.0

Tra

nsiti

on e

nerg

y (e

V)

Kozhedub 2008 [5]

Drake 1988 [1]

Chen 1993 [2]

Plante 1994 [3]

Artemyev 2005[4]

Indelicato [6]

[1] Drake, Can. J. Phys. 66, 586 (1988), [2] Chen et al., Phys. Rev. A 47, 3692 (1993), [3] Plante et al., Phys. Rev. A 49, 3519 (1994), [4] Artemyev et al., Phys. Rev. A 71, 062104 (2005), [5] Kozhedub and Shabaev, unpubblished (2008), [6] Indelicato, unpublished (2008),[7] Trassinelli et al., Eur. Phys. Lett. 87, 63001 (2009).

Our value [7]

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

(Exp

. - T

heor

y) /

Z4 (

10-7

eV

)

Nuclear charge Z29 July 2010

Theory v.s. experiments in He-like ion

intra-shell transitions

Our result

Theory from Artemyev et al., Phys. Rev. A 71, 062104 (2005)


1s2p 3P2 - 1s2s 3S1 transition

49.0

49.5

50.0

50.5

51.0

51.5

52.0

Tra

nsiti

on e

nerg

y (e

V)

Comparison with theory He- and Li-like U

29 July 2010


49.96 eV [2]

EHe-like U(1s2p 3P2 - 1s2s 3S1) – ELi-like U(1s22p 2P3/2 - 1s22s 2S1/2) Kozhedub 2008 without 2e QED [1]

Kozhedub 2008 [1]

Indelicato 2008 [2]

Our value [3]

ExperimentNo uncertainty due to the

calibration line

TheoryNo uncertainty due to the

nuclear radius and 1e QED


[1] Kozhedub and Shabaev, unpublished (2008), [2] Indelicato, unpublished (2008),[3] Trassinelli et al., Eur. Phys. Lett. 87, 63001 (2009).

49.0

49.5

50.0

50.5

51.0

51.5

52.0

Tra

nsiti

on e

nerg

y (e

V)

29 July 2010

EHe-like U(1s2p 3P2 - 1s2s 3S1) – ELi-like U(1s22p 2P3/2 - 1s22s 2S1/2) Kozhedub 2008 without 2e QED [1]

Kozhedub 2008 [1]

Indelicato 2008 [2]

Two electron QED = -1.18 eV [1]

Starting to be sensitive to the 2e QED!!


[1] Kozhedub and Shabaev, unpublished (2008), [2] Indelicato, unpublished (2008),[3] Trassinelli et al., Eur. Phys. Lett. 87, 63001 (2009).

Our value [3]

Comparison with theory He- and Li-like U


49.96 eV [2]

29 July 2010

Conclusions

1s2p 3P2 - 1s2s 3S1

Ge(i) detector

• First clear identification of the 1s2p 3P2 - 1s2s 3S1 transition in He-like uranium


29 July 2010

Conclusions

1s2p 3P2 - 1s2s 3S1

Ge(i) detector


• Precise measurement of the transition using Doppler tuned Bragg spectroscopy: E/E = 10-4

1s2p 3P2 – 1s2s 3S1

Bragg spectrometer


29 July 2010

Conclusions


• Precise measurement of the transition using Doppler tuned Bragg spectroscopy: E/E = 10-4

• First test of two-electron QED in excited levels of heavy He-like ions:

1s2p 3P2 - 1s2s 3S1

1s2p 3P2 – 1s2s 3S1

Bragg spectrometer

Ge(i) detector

E = 1.0 eV, E2e QED ~ 0.8 eV (He-like U) E = 0.9 eV, E2e QED ~ -1.2 eV (He- and Li-like U)


29 July 2010

Outlooks

• Repeat the experiment for a better accuracy• More beam time (now only 3-4 days)!! • Larger dispersion for the crystal spectrometer• Better spectrometer crystal (Ge (220) with R=2000)• Twin pair of spectrometer at ± 90˚ for gas jet misalignment compensation


E =1 eV 0.1 eV

E2e QED ~ 0.8 eV in He-like uranium

29 July 2010

Outlooks



• Extension to other atomic systems• Intra-shell transitions in Li-, Be-, B-like, …. heavy ions

E =1 eV 0.1 eV

29 July 2010

Outlooks



• Extension to other atomic systems• Intra-shell transitions in Li-, Be-, B-like, …. heavy ions

• More upgrades• Smaller gas-jet target possible gain of a factor 5!!• Microcalorimeter detector

E =1 eV 0.1 eV

29 July 2010

Our team

M.T.1

A. Kumar2

H.F. Beyer3 P. Indelicato4 R. Märtin3,4

R. Reuschl1

Y.S. Kozhedub6

C. Brandau3 H. Bräuning3

S. Geyer3

A. Gumberidze7

S. Hess3

P. Jagodzinski8

C. Kozhuharov3

S. Trotsenko9 G. Weber3,5

D.F.A. Winters3,5

and Th. Stöhlker3,5,9


(1) Institut des NanoSciences de Pari, Paris, France (2) Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India (3) GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany (4) Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Paris, France(5) Physikalisches Institut, Univ. Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany(6) Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State Univ., St. Petersburg, Russia (7) ExtreMe Matter Institue, Darmstadt, Germany (8) Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski Univ., Kielce, Poland (9) Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Jena, Germany

THE END

29 July 2010

Thank you!


Other material

29 July 2010 39 Martino Trassinelli

Detailed values

29 July 2010 Martino Trassinelli 41

He-like U: 4509.71 ± 0.48stat ± 0.83asym ± 0.24syst eV

He- Li-like U difference: 54.34 ± 0.48stat ± 0.83asym ± 0.11syst eV

1s2p 3P2 – 1s2s 3S1

Crystal characterization

29 May 2009 Martino Trassinelli 42

Characterization made byO. Wehrhan, H. Marschner and E. Förster from Jena X-ray Optics group

Crystal characterization

29 May 2009 Martino Trassinelli 43

Energy

New proposal

29 July 2010 Martino Trassinelli 44

29 July 2010

Outlooks

• Repeat the experiment for a better accuracy• Statistics

• More beam time (now only 3-4 days)!! • Larger dispersion for the crystal spectrometer

• Smaller gas-jet target possible gain of a factor 5!!


• Systematic effects• Better crystal for the spectrometer

• Twin pair of spectrometer at 90˚ for gas jet misalignment compensation

Estat = 0.5 eV 0.1 eV

Epeak asym = 0.83 eV 0.0 eV

Ealign = 0.11 eV 0.03 eV (?)

29 July 2010

Outlooks


• More beam time (now only 3-4 days)!! • Larger dispersion for the crystal spectrometer

• Smaller gas-jet target possible gain of a factor 5!!


Estat = 0.5 eV 0.1 eV

Micro-droplet target(R. Grisenti)

0

5e-05

0.0001

0.00015

0.0002

0.00025

4290 4295 4300 4305 4310 4315 4320 4325

Inte

nsity

(ar

bit.

units

)

ELab (eV)

Target width = 5 mmTarget width = 5 μm

~ 5 eV

~ 0.8 eV

A crystal spectrometer for fast ions

29 July 2010

Ion beam

Gas jet

B ~ 46°

X-ray CCDAndor DO420

1024x256 pixelsPixel size 26x26 μm2

Rowland circle

• Cylindrically bent crystal x-ray foussing

• Reflection plane perpendicular to the ions

minimization of the Doppler effect

• Position of the reflected line measurement of the energy

transition

Bragg crystal spectrometer in Johann configuration

Bragg : Bragg angleh : Planck constantc : speed of lightd : crystal plane spacing

Ge crystalRadius of curvature: 800 mmDimensions: 25x50 mm2

Reflection from (220) plane


The crystal spectrometer at the ESR

29 July 2010

Ion beam

Gas jet

X-ray CCDRowland circle

Ge crystalReflection from (220) plane


Data acquisition of He-like U transitions

29 July 2010

U91+

beam


Ge(i) detector

Bragg spectrometer

= 35˚

= 90˚

Important data:

• Ion energy: 43.55 Mev/u• : 0.29558 ± 0.00019 • : 1.046771 ± 0.000020

• Gas-target density: 1012 part./cm3

• H-like stored ions: ~ 108

• Ion current in ESR: ~ 1.7 mA

• Acquisition time: 24.6 hours


Peak asymmetry

29 July 2010

Second peak?

He-like U1s2p 3P2 - 1s2s 3S1

In the laboratory frame

G. Bednarz et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 205, 573-576 (2003)

Transitions between 4300 and 4320 eV

Double capture at the ESR gas jet


29 July 2010

Outlooks


• More beam time (now 3-4 days)!! gain of a factor ~2 in the accuracy• Smaller gas-jet target possible gain of a factor 5!!

• Systematic effects• Better diagnostic on the gas-jet position

more accurate observation angle

Estat = 0.43 eV 0.04 eV

Xe53+

beam155 Me/u

Cold heliumcluster-jet target ~ 1013 part./cm3

CCD cameraMarch 2008experiment

See next talk from N. Petridis


New target and new diagnostic

29 July 2010

Xe53+

beam

Cold heliumcluster-jet target 155 Me/u

~ 1013 part./cm3

CCD camera

Micro-droplet target(R. Grisenti)

Droplet diameter: ~ 4 μm


CCD energy spectra for Zn K lines


No cluster analysis

threshold

bad pixel (only from last 30 files)

signal peaknoise rest

Cluster analysis ONsize: 1-4

CCD energy spectra for He-like U


PHYSICS PROSPECTS AT THE ESR AND HITRAP · of excited levels in He-like uranium Martino Trassinelli...

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Transcript of PHYSICS PROSPECTS AT THE ESR AND HITRAP · of excited levels in He-like uranium Martino Trassinelli...