Physics Name_______________________

Study Guide – 2nd

Semester Final Exam

For questions 1-3, consider the diagram representing a portion of an amusement park ride. A 100 kg car has

30,000 J of Potential Energy at point A. It moves down a frictionless track and comes to a stop as it compresses a

huge spring at point D. 1. On the axes above, sketch the energy bar graphs when the car is at the indicated points.

2. How much kinetic energy does the car have at point B? Explain or calculate.

3. How fast is the car moving at point C? Show work.

Height (meters)

A

30,000 J

20,000 J

10,000 J

B

C

D

Eg E

k E

s E

g E

k E

s

Eg E

k E

s E

g E

k E

s

Consider the case of two bowling balls of different masses that are traveling toward each other on a frictionless

surface. They collide elastically. Answer the questions below. 4. Determine the speed and velocity of bowling ball B in the After situation.

5. Which bowling ball changed its momentum the most from Before to After (A or B)?

6. In the After situation, compare the momentums of the bowling balls (A > B, B >A, A= B?).

7. How has the total momentum for the two bowling ball system changed from Before to After (After > Before,

Before > After, Before = After)?

8. A 25g* (momentum units are *Kg.

m/s) badminton birdie is batted toward your opponent’s racket with a speed of

20 m/s. Your opponent hits the birdie directly back to you with a speed of 30 m/s.

a. What is the impulse (change in momentum) of the birdie?

b. If your opponent’s racket is in contact with the ball for 6.0 x 10-3

seconds, what is the average force exerted on

the birdie during the collision?

c. How does the force of the racket on the birdie compare to the force the birdie exerts on the racket?

Mass = 16 kg Speed = 4 m/s

Mass = 8 kg Speed = 6 m/s

Mass = 16 kg Speed = 0.5m/s

Mass = 8 kg Speed = ? m/s

Before After

A A B B

9. Suppose two clowns on skateboards are on a smooth, frictionless surface . Clown A is moving with a velocity

of 2 m/s and Clown B is motionless. Then Clown B tosses a 5.0 kg medicine ball to Clown A. The medicine

ball is traveling with a speed of 10 m/s (hint – speed is not velocity) and Clown A catches it .

a. What is the resulting velocity of Clown B after throwing the ball (Clown B in After picture)?

b. What is the resulting velocity of clown A after catching the ball (Clown A in After picture)?

10. A group of adventurous students decided to see

if it is possible to light two bulbs at once without

any sockets and using only one battery. Figure 1

shows a set of connections they discovered in

which both bulbs lit.

a. Draw a line which shows the

continuous conducting path. Use

arrows to indicate the direction of the

charge flow.

Figure 1

2 m/s 0m/s

Before

Clown A 75 Kg

Clown B 50 Kg

2 m/s ? m/s

During

10 m/s

Clown A 75 Kg

Clown B 50 Kg

? m/s ? m/s

After

Clown A 75 Kg

Clown B 50 Kg

b. Figures 2 and 3 show some other possible connections. Decide which, if any, bulbs will light and

draw a line showing the continuous conducting path.

Figure 2 Figure 3

Bulb 1: Bulb 1:

Bulb 2: Bulb 2:

11. Study the two circuits below in which a paper clip has been inserted between wires in a circuit.

Circuit A Circuit B

Which of the following statements are true? _____________

(A) The bulb will light more brightly in Circuit A .

(B) The bulb will light more brightly in Circuit B

(C) The bulb will be the same brightness in either case.

(D) The bulb will not light.

1 2

1

2

12. Explain why you believe your answer to Question #3 is correct. Use the words “insulator” and

“conductor” correctly as part of your explanation.

13. Draw a schematic of a testing loop which could be used to determine whether or not and object is a

conductor. Explain how to use it to identify conductors.

14. Examine the diagram of a circuit below and redraw it as a schematic diagram using appropriate

symbols for each part of the circuit.

15. Bulbs A and B light temporarily when the circuit in Figure 1 below is connected. They will also light

temporarily if they are connected as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 1 Figure 2

a. Draw arrows on both diagrams to show the movement of charge during charging, while the bulbs

are lit.

b. Explain where the charge comes from the moves through the bulbs in Figure 2.

c. In previous circuit, what causes the charge to move through the bulbs? Your explanation should

include the term “energy”.

16. Below are sketches of possible patterns of charge flow during the interval when the capacitor is

charging, and when it is discharging. For each sketch, state whether or not the charge flow arrows

shown are correct. Support your answer with observations made in the laboratory.

Figure A – Charging Figure B – Discharging

Figure C – Charging Figure D - Discharging

Figure A –

Figure B –

Figure C –

Figure D –

17. In the circuit shown in Figure 1a, bulb A and bulb B are identical and have high resistance.

a. Draw arrowtails and starbursts on the bulbs in Figure 1a.

Figure 1a Figure 1b

b. A third identical bulb C is added to the circuit as shown in Figure 1b. Draw arrowtails and

starbursts on Figure 1b, and fill in the blanks below:

c. Bulb A will ____ (1) become brighter (2) become dimmer (3) stay the same.

d. Bulb B will ____ (1) become brighter (2) become dimmer (3) stay the same.

18. Label or color the terminals, plates and wires in each circuit to show the correct color code

(R/O/Y/G/B) for the electric pressures in the following situations. Also, draw starbursts around each

bulb to indicate its brightness if it is lit.

Capacitor Uncharged Capacitor Partially Capacitor Fully

(Moment of Connection) Charged Charged

19. In what direction is the conventional flow of charge considered to be? ______

a. From low pressure to high pressure

b. From negative to positive

c. From high pressure to low pressure.

20. Use color-coding to determine the order of brightness of the bulbs in the circuits below. Rank the

three bulbs — “A”, “B”, and “C” — from brightest to dimmest. All seven bulbs are identical.

BRIGHTEST _________ _________ __________ DIMMEST

21. The 10 bulbs, —O— , in each of the following diagrams are all identical. Predict the relative

brightness of each of the bulbs according to the pressure differences indicated by the colors.

Indicate brightness as one of the following: Very Bright, Bright, Moderate, Dim, Not Lit

Color Difference Brightness Direction

a. red ———O——— green (Example: Bright) Right

_____________________________________________________________________________________

b. yellow ———O——— blue

_____________________________________________________________________________________

c. red ———O——— yellow

_____________________________________________________________________________________

d. blue ———O——— orange

_____________________________________________________________________________________

e. orange ———O——— green

_____________________________________________________________________________________

f. orange ———O——— red

_____________________________________________________________________________________

g. green ———O——— blue

_____________________________________________________________________________________

h. red ———O——— blue

_____________________________________________________________________________________

i. orange ———O——— yellow

_____________________________________________________________________________________

j. green ———O——— yellow ______________________________________________________________________________________

22. For the following questions, consider these circuit diagrams:

a) How do the flow rates at A, B, and C compare to each other? Explain.

b) How do the electric pressures at points A and C compare to each other? Explain.

c) How do the flow rates at X, Y, and Z compare to each other? Explain.

d) How do the electric pressures at X, Y, and Z compare to each other? Explain.

23. The wires that an electric company connects to your house can be pictured as being attached to a

very big battery having an electric pressure difference of 120 volts (instead of the 4.5 volts provided

by your battery pack). The electric lights and appliances in your house are designed to operate

properly only when there is a 120 volt pressure difference across them and they are all connected in

parallel. What is the advantage of parallel wiring, rather than series?

24. A battery is connected to three long bulbs in series. After a steady

state condition is reached, a fourth identical bulb is connected in

parallel to bulb B. What effect does adding the bulb have on:

(increase, decrease or no change)

a) the pressure difference across bulb B?

b) the flow rate through bulb B?

c) the pressure difference across bulb A?

d) the total or net resistance of the circuit?

25. a) Color code the circuit diagrams below.

A. BEFORE ADDING WIRE B. AFTER ADDING WIRE

b) Which way will conventional charge flow in the added wire at the moment the wire is connected

– to the right or to the left? Explain why.

c) Which way will charge flow in the added wire when a final steady state condition is reached – to

the right or to the left? Explain why.

d) Describe the changes in bulb brightness that occur when the wire is added in (b). Explain the

change in brightness in terms of the change in pressure difference across each bulb.

26. Consider the circuit at the right.

a. How does the voltage (potential) drop from b to c

compare to that from d to e?

b. Determine the current through points a, b, c and d.

27. What is the voltage across resistor B when the switch is closed in the circuit at right? _____ (both resistors

have the same resistance) a. Quadruples (4 times)

b. Doubles

c. Stays the same

d. Reduces by half

e. Reduces by one quarter (1/4)

28. Arrange the circuit schematic diagrams below in order of increasing total resistance in the circuit (all resistors

are the same resistance). Least _____ _____ _____ Most _____

15 V10 Ω

20 Ωa

b

c