Physics in National Development

8/10/2019 Physics in National Development

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Physics in National

Development


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What Is This Module About?

Have you been curious about the world around us? Have you observed the different events

occurring? Look at the world in which you live. What do you see? You can see the people

around, the animals, the vehicles, the rivers and the streams, the trees and the mountains. Have

you looked up to the sky? Why is it blue? Where are the planets found? How vast is the

universe? How old are the trees? How fast do vehicles and people move?

There are lots of questions to ask about the world we live in. Can the answers be found?

Science has developed through the ages in response to the numerous questions asked about

the physical world. It is science that is in search of simplicity, harmony and order in the different

phenomena that occur around us.

In this module you will learn about science. Specifically, it will discuss what physics is and

its role in the development of our nation. This module is divided into two lessons.

Lesson 1 Physics: The Basic Science

Lesson 2 Physics and Technology: Partners for Progress

What Will You Learn From This Module?

After studying the lessons in this module, you should be able to:

relate physics to other branches of science;

cite examples from your surroundings in which different concepts or principles ofphysics operate;

trace the development of physics and technology in the Philippines and relate it to

national development; and

state some worldwide developments in physics which affect society and change

peoples lifestyles and thinking about nature.

Lets See What You Already Know

Encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. This is the branch of science that deals with nonliving things.

a. physical science c. biology

b. life science d. zoology

2. Who among the following scientists believed that all matter on earth was a mixture of

earth, water, fire and air?

a. Aristotle c. Galileo Galilei

b. Albert Einstein d. Johannes Kepler


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3. Albert Einstein formulated the

a. laws of motion c. quantum theory

b. laws on falling bodies d. theory of relativity

4. This is a branch of science that deals with the study of matter and energy and theirinterrelationships.

a. botany c. physics

b. chemistry d. astronomy

5. Scientific _____________ is a method of answering questions about the physical

world by testing a hypothesis and making a generalization.

a. notation c. attitude

b. method d. calculator

6. This is a scientific guess.

a. theory c. principle

b. law d. hypothesis

7. He is a Filipino scientist who invented the fluorescent lamp.

a. Gregorio Zara c. Eduardo San Juan

b. Agapito Flores d. Ernesto P. Sonido

8. This is a branch of science that deals with the composition, structure and properties ofmatter and the changes it undergoes.

a. biology c. geology

b. chemistry d. meteorology

9. This is the branch of physics that deals with the structure of matter and energy in the

atomic nucleus.

a. mechanics c. electricity

b. electrodynamics d. nuclear physics

10. In which of the following activities do physics principles or ideas operate?

a. ironing clothes c. text messaging

b. construction of bridges d. all of the above

11. Which of the following are products of technology?

a. ultrasound and radiation in medicine

b. automobile, LRT, airplane

c. refrigerator, washing machine, microwave oven

d. all of the above


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12. Which of the following devices is nota technological application of electromagnetism?

a. colored TV c. electric fan

b. transistor radio d. magnifying lens

13. The invention of the steam enginea. ushered in the Industrial Revolution

b. marked the end of the use of large amounts of energy

c. slowed down the delivery of goods and services to people

d. closed down factories and industries

14. The invention of the transistor

a. led to the development of electronics

b. caused the replacement of the vacuum tube in radio and TV sets

c. made devices such as radios compact and portable

d. all of the above

15. Which is a harmful effect of technology?

a. pollution, especially in urban areas

b. mobilization of people

c. breakdown of communication

d. dull and boring lifestyles

Well, how was it? Do you think you fared well? Compare your answers with those in the

Answer Keyon page 23.

If all your answers are correct, very good! You may still study the module to review what

you already know. Who knows, you might learn a few more new things as well.

If you got a low score, dont feel bad. This only goes to show that this module is for you. It

will help you to understand some important concepts that you can apply in your daily life. If you

study this module carefully, you would learn the answers to all the items in the test and a lot more!

Are you ready?

You may go now to the next page to begin Lesson 1.


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LESSON1

Physics: The Basic Science

What is physics? Why do we study physics? What are the uses of physics? Physics plays

an important role in human life. This is specifically true in modern times. The lifestyles of people

have changed because of advancements in physics which have found their way into even very

modest homes. With widespread electrification, lighted homes and streets and countless electrical

devices are a common sight. Man-made satellites, land telephones and cellular phones make

communication fast and clear. Jets, fast cars and nuclear-powered ships make transportation

easy. Our stores are flooded with such gadgets as battery-operated watches, cameras,

calculators and computers. Great progress has been made in physics and technology for the

benefit of humankind.

This lesson will introduce you to the nature of physics and its relation to other branches of

science as well as its relevance to your life.

Lets Read

What Is Science? What Are the Branches of Science?

Scienceis an integral part of our lives. There have been many changes some beneficial,

others harmful that have taken place as a result of scientific developments. Our knowledge ofthe natural world dates back to the civilized people of ancient times, specifically those of early

Greece and Rome. Modern science would have no foundation on which to grow if not for the

early attempts to understand nature and interpret natural phenomena.

Scienceis a systematized body knowledge. Like a tree, it has many branches. Its two main

branches are life science and physical science. Life science is the study of living things while

physical science is the study of nonliving things. Life science branches into areas such as

biology,botanyand zoology.Physical science branches into areas such as physicsand

chemistry.

As time went on, more branches emerged like astronomy, geologyandmeteorology inphysical science and microbiologyin life science. Physical science and life science are branches

of a wider body of knowledge called natural science.


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The Branches of Science

Lets Try This

1. What are the two main branches of natural science? How do you differentiate them?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

2. What is science?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Compare your answers with those in theAnswer Keyon page 24.

Lets Learn

What Is the Nature and Scope of Physics?

Physics is at the base of every branch of science because it deals with both life and physical

sciences. It is the study of the basic nature of all matter and energy and the various ways in which

matter interacts with other matter.

The major domains or divisions of physics are the following:

1. Mechanics the study of the behavior of objects in response to various forces

2. Molecular physics examines the properties, behavior and structure of molecules

3. Thermodynamics the study of heat and other forms of energy, and the conversion

of energy from one form into another

4. Optics the study of the nature and behavior of light

Natural Science

Life Science

Biology

Botany

Zoology

Microbiology

Physics

Chemistry

Astronomy

Geology

Meteorology

Physical Science


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5. Electricity the study of static and current electricity

6. Electrodynamics analyzes the relationship between electrical and magnetic forces

7. Modern physics includes the following:a. Relativistic mechanics the study of the motion of bodies whose relative

velocities approach the speed of light

b. Atomic physics the study of the properties of matter on the atomic scale; as

well as the structure of the atom and the forces that act between the positive

nucleus and the negative electrons

c. Nuclear physics the study of the properties of the nucleus of an atom and the

forces responsible for its stability and disintegration

d. Quantum mechanics study based on the theory that material particles may bedescribed as waves, and waves may be described as particles

How Is Physics Related to Other Sciences?

You know that physics is the study of matter and energy. Physics is closely related to other

sciences. In fact, it encompasses them all. Chemistry,for instance, deals with the interaction of

atoms to form molecules. It is a science concerned with the properties, composition and

structure of substances and the changes they undergo. The world we live in is a planet full of

fascinating complexity. To understand this complexity, we must describe and explain the

materials, features and processes that can be observed in our surroundings. The landscape of the

earth, the nature and distribution of materials and conditions in the earths interior are the subjects

and principal interest in the science called physical geology or geophysics.On the other hand,

astronomyis a branch of science that studies the nature and motion of celestial bodies such as

planets and stars. Generally, physics is the study of matter and energy in the universe at large.

Biologyis concerned with the nature of living things and the vital processes affecting life

such as growth and reproduction. Living things are composed of matter wherein material and

energy conversions take place. Biology therefore must consider physics as an integral part.

Biophysicsis the application of various tools, methods and principles of physical science in the

study of biological problems. Health physicsis an interdisciplinary science and has its

application in the protection of humans and the environment from radiation.

We will not fully understand physics unless we compute problems related to it.Mathematicshas a big part in the practical applications of physics.

Astrophysicsis the application of the theories and methods of physics in the study of stellar

structure, stellar evolution and the origin of the solar system. Meteorologyis a branch of science

that deals with the nature and changes in the atmosphere of a planet, particularly that of the earth.

All these sciences are closely related to physics.


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Lets Review

A. Match the items in Column A with those in column B.

A B

1. It is the study of forces and motion. a. chemistry

2. It deals with the study of the atomic nucleus b. nuclear physics

and the forces responsible for its stability

and disintegration. c. physical science

3. It deals with the composition, d. mechanics

structure and properties of matter.

4. It deals with the study of living e. biology

things, both plants and animals.

5. It deals with the study of f. meteorologynonliving things.

B. Answer the following questions.

1. Why is physics the most basic science?

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

2. Which of the following is in the domain of physics?

a. biophysics c. geology

b. astronomy d. electromagnetism


Lets Read

History of Physics

When did the science of physics start? The beginning of physics is difficult to trace becausehuman interest in matter and energy is as old as human civilization itself. The oldest body of

systemized knowledge about the forms of matter dates back to ancient Greece. The following

scientists contributed much to the development of physics:

1. Aristotle (384322 B.C.). He believed that all things

are made up of four elements, namely, air, earth, fire and

water.

2. Galileo Galilei (15641642). He formulated the laws about

the behavior of falling objects.

3. Johannes Kepler (15711630). He formulated the lawsof planetary motion. These laws are used in calculating the

flight paths of todays space vehicles. Galileo Galilei


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4. Sir Isaac Newton (16421727). He formulated

the laws of motion and the law of universal

gravitation.

5. Count Rumford (17531814) and James P.

Joule (18181889). They made independentsignificant studies on heat energy.

6. Thomas Young (17731829). He was the first

to demonstrate light interference, thus proving

that light is made up of waves.

7. Michael Faraday (17911867). He discovered

the principle of the electronic motor and

formulated the law of electromagnetic induction.

8. James Maxwell (18311870). He worked on electromagnetism. He formulated

general equations on electromagnetic fields. He showed that light is a form ofelectromagnetic wave.

9. Wilhelm Roentgen (18311923) and

Henri Becquerel (18521908). Roentgen

discovered the X ray in 1895 while Becquerel

discovered radioactivity in 1896. Studies on

radioactivity led to the development of

nuclear physics.

10. Albert Einstein (18791955) and Max Planck

(18951947). Einstein formulated the theoryof relativity while Planck formulated the

theory of quantum mechanics.

Lets Review

Below is a list of some known scientists. Opposite their names, write their contributions to

the development of physics.


Isaac Newton

Albert Einstein

Scientist Contrib

1. Isaac Newton

2. Johannes Kepler

3. Henri Becquerel

4. Michael Faraday

5. Albert Einstein


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Lets Learn

The Scientific Method

How do physicists work? Like other scientists, they work using the scientific method.

The scientific methodis a series of steps that a scientist follows in order to arrive at a

scientific truth.

The Steps in the Scientific Method

How do you carry out the scientific method? First, you find a problem which needs an

explanation. How do you do this? Through observation, of course. Its actually just a matter of

asking questions like Why is the sky blue?

Second, you come up with a hypothesis. A hypothesisis a scientific guess. It attempts to

explain the occurrence of the problem. Then, you test the hypothesis by making observations,

conducting experiments and/or doing calculations. There must be several trials for each test in

order to show that the hypothesis holds true for all instances.

If the hypothesis is found to be correct, it then becomes a theory. Atheoryis a tested

hypothesis; it is not permanent. If even just one new experiment shows that the theory is not true,

the theory is already discarded.

If, on the other hand, a theory stands the test of time that is, it is proven over and over

and is already considered universal it becomes a principleor law. As you study physics more

extensively, you will encounter different theories as well as principles or laws.

Can You Become a Scientist?

Do you think you can become a scientist? Of course, you can, provided that you work,think and act like one. This means that you need to make the scientific method a part of your daily

life. If you employ the scientific method in solving problems, you become a more efficient and

productive person. Moreover, you should develop scientific attitudes such as inquisitiveness,

willingness to work, keenness and accuracy of observation, open-mindedness and patience in the

search for truth.

Recognize and state a problem.

Make a hypothesis.

Draw conclusion and formulate generalization.

Perform experiments to test hypothesis.


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The following are some distinguished Filipino physicists, inventors and technologists:

1. Gregorio Y. Zara, Ph. D. (19021978) became one of

the Most Outstanding National Scientists of the

Philippines. His contributions to physics and technology

are the video phone, solar oven, alcohol-fueled airplane engine,an electronic robot that can talk, walk and obey commands, and

a microscope made of Philippine wood.

2. Eduardo C. San Juan, Ph. D. (19281988) designed

the lunar rover, the first vehicle that traveled on the

surface of the moon.

3. Agapito G. Flores (18791943) invented the first

fluorescent lamp.

4. Henry J. Ramos, Ph. D. developed the first

plasma experimental device known as NIPPER I,which produces gases that can be manipulated for

energy generation and other industrial

applications.

5. Melecio S. Magno, Ph. D. became the chairman

of the National Science Development Board

(NSDB), now Department of Science and

Technology (DOST). He was a fellow in

Environmental Physics and Ozone Research in the

United States. He specialized in the fields of

meteorology and geophysics.

6. Ernesto P. Sonido, Ph. D. conducted

researches on the environmental impact of natural

hazards in the Philippines and on the applicability

of service reflection method for exploration of

layered chromite.

7. Arturo P. Alcaraz is known as the Father of

Philippine Geothermal Energy. He set up a

working model of a geothermal power station in

Cale, Tiwi, Albay.

Gregorio Y. ZaraNational Scientist

Melecio S. Magno, Ph.D.Atmospheric physicist

National Scientist

Arturo AlcarazFather of PhilippineGeothermal Energy


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Lets Review

Below is a list of some known Filipino physicists, scientists and inventors. Opposite their

names, write their contributions to the development of physics.

Compare your answers with those found in theAnswer Keyon page 24.

Lets Study and AnalyzeScience widens our view of our environment. It affects the way we see the world and the

decisions we make about our world.

One day for instance, while you and your friend are walking, you pass by piles of garbage

along the street. What real life problem can you identify in this situation? Using the scientific

method, suggest ways of solving the problem. Write these steps on the following lines:

State the problem:

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

Gather information:

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

Formulate hypothesis:

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

Conduct an investigation:_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

State conclusion:

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

Cite applications:

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

Compare your answers with those found in theAnswer Key on pages 24 and 25.

Scientist Contri

1. Arturo P. Alcaraz

2. Agapito G. Flores

3. Melecio S. Magno

4. Henry J. Ramos

5. Gregorio Y. Zara


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Lets Learn

Do you need physics in your life? Why?

Physics drives progress.The different modes of transportation air, water, land

all work based on the principles of physics. Physics research has helped vehiclemanufacturers come up with faster, more energy-efficient vehicles. Ships, cars and

airplanes are more powerful and efficient as a result of physics research. Even space

flight would not have been possible without human knowledge of the principles of

physics.

Physics improves our way of living.The modern facilities and appliances in the

home, such as the refrigerator, microwave oven and washing machine, have made

housework easier and life more comfortable. Radios, television sets, videocassette

players and compact disc players have made life pleasurable and relaxing.

Physics improves health and saves lives.Over the years, physics research hasenabled the development of the instruments that help detect diseases faster. There are

also new ways of treating diseases such as cancer, thanks to the researches of

physicists.


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Physics connects the world.Satellites, cellular phones, fax machines and the Internet

all exist because of years of research of physicists.

Physics creates jobs.Knowledge of physics can help you in your career. Engineers,

doctors, science teachers, mechanics, architects and even artists all need to have some

knowledge of physics. Also, knowledge in the use of products of physics research,

such as computers, can help you land a high-paying job.

Lets Try This

Complete the table below by writing down different activities/devices found in various

places that are connected with physics.

Check your answers against theAnswer Keyon page 25.

Lets See What You Have Learned

A. Identify the field of science referred to in each of the following. Write your answer in

the space provided.

__________1. Science that deals with the study of the movement of planets, stars

and other heavenly bodies

__________2. Study of the earth, its nature and distribution of its materials as well

as its interior

__________3. Deals with the atmosphere of a planet, particularly that of the earth

__________4. Study of living things

Place Devices/Activities

At home

On the street

MarketPlayground

Church

Sea

School

Clinic


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__________5. Study of matter and energy and their interrelationships

__________6. Study of the structure of matter and energy in the atomic nucleus

B. Identify which physicist/scientist/inventor made each of the following contributions to

the advancement of physics.

__________1. The most outstanding natural scientist of the Philippines who

discovered the solar oven and video phone

__________2. Filipino scientist who designed the lunar rover, the first vehicle to

land on the moon

__________3. Studied the behavior of falling bodies

__________4. Formulated the theory of relativity

__________5. Formulated the laws of motion

__________6. A Filipino who invented the fluorescent lamp

Compare your answers with those in theAnswer Keyon pages 25 and 26.

Did you get everything right? If you did, thats very good! You learned a lot from this lesson.

You are now ready to move on to Lesson 2. If you missed some items, thats okay. Just go back

to the parts you did not understand well. Afterward, proceed to Lesson 2.

Lets Remember

Science is a body of knowledge and a way of thinking.

Natural science is divided into physical science and life science. Physical science is the

study of nonliving things while life science is the study of living things.

Physics is the most basic of all sciences. It encompasses all other sciences.

The scientific method is a scientists way of answering questions about the world by

testing hypotheses and formulating theories.

Physics is a science which we use every day. It has many uses and applications in our

daily life.


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LESSON2

Physics and Technology:Partners for Progress

How does physics differ from technology? Physics and technology are related, but they are

not the same. Physics attempts to understand nature and its laws. Such inquiry gives birth to

knowledge. Technology uses this knowledge to make life easier and more enjoyable.

Physics is the science that searches for relationships among elements of our physical

universe, while technology is the application of these relationships to meet ones needs and goals

in terms of products, processes and services that benefit humankind.

Physics provides explanations of the natural world, while technology yields inventions.

Technology is concerned with the practical applications of scientific laws and theories. The

electric motor, transistor radio, colored TV and computer are technological applications of the

laws of electromagnetism.

One example that will distinguish physics from technology is the theory of space travel. The

theory (physics) was developed during Newtons time, but not the technology. Landing on the

moon was just a dream before. But with the development of the technology of space exploration,

that dream became a reality.

In this lesson you will learn more about physics and technology. After studying the lesson,

you should be able to:

trace the development of physics and technology in the Philippines and relate it to

national development; and

enumerate some developments in physics and technology which affect society and

change peoples lifestyles and thinking about nature.

Science is a

way of

knowing.

Technology is a

way of doing.


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Lets Read

How Did Physics and Technology Develop in the Philippines?

The awareness of physics and technology in the Philippines may be traced back to the

pre-Spanish era.

The early settlers in the Philippines were the Aetas, the Indonesians and the Malays. These

early settlers already had knowledge in the field of navigation. Their way of life also showed

traces of scientific concepts. For example, people were engaged in fishing, farming and mining.

They were skilled artisans, jewelers and goldsmiths. They also knew metalwork as seen in the

manufacture of their tools and weapons. They wove cloth out of abaca, cotton, banana,

pineapple and from silk imported from China. They were also engaged in ship building.

In 1521, the Spanish colonizers brought Western culture, and along with it Western

technology, to the Philippines. We learned much of the sciences, arts and letters from the

Spaniards. Agricultural industries, such as the tobacco industry, advanced during the Spanish era.

Transfer and adaptation of American physics-related technology started during the

American era. Under the American regime, our means of transportation were vastly improved.

Our old industries were expanded with the use of modern machineries and advanced technical

know-how. New industries like pineapple canning, sugar refining, ropemaking and copra drying

bloomed.

Lets Think About This

1. Did the early settlers in the Philippines show knowledge of scientific concepts andprinciples? Cite activities or occupations they engaged in where scientific principles

were applied.

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

2. Do you think the Spanish and American eras significantly contributed to the

advancement of physics and technology in the Philippines? How?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________



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Lets Learn

What Is the Role of Physics and Technology in National Development?

The development of physics and technology was greatly influenced by the invention of the

steam engine in 1750 and the transistor in 1948.

The invention of the steam engine took place in the Industrial Revolution. It marked the

beginning of the use of a large supply of energy.

Many of our modern technologies are physics-based and need large amounts of energy.

The products of these technologies are in the form of goods and services utilized by people.

Some examples are the use of ultrasound and radiation in medicine for diagnosis and therapy;

development in transportation, such as the automobile and light railway transit (LRT); and

advancement in communication such as satellites and wireless communication.

On the other hand, the invention of the transistor started the revolution in the

telecommunications industry and information technology. The transistor replaced the vacuum

tube, which was the most important component of radio and TV sets during the 1950s.

Compared to the vacuum tube, the transistor is lighter, compact, portable and requires very little

electric power to operate. These characteristics make the transistor a very important element in

communication devices today, especially those used in space exploration.

The invention of the transistor led to the development of electronics. It is a technology that

depends on the behavior of electrons. Today, almost all electric appliances make use of

semiconductor devices. These devices are diodes, transistors and combinations of those and

other elements contained in a very small chip of silicon called integrated circuitor IC. ICs are

the major components of computers.

Through the use of transistors and ICs, electrical devices have been transistorized,

miniaturized (made smaller) and automated. Computers and robots are used not only in various

industries but in the home as well.

Developments in physics and technology have certainly contributed a lot to national

development. In the Philippines, the key to the much-needed economic development of the

country is a comprehensive, unified and responsive science and technology program.

Recognizing the importance of having a unified science and technology program, DOST

research and development (R and D) in priority areas such as construction and industry,

information technology, electronics, metals and engineering, agriculture and emerging technologieshas been intensified. Science and technology support structures that are crucial to industrial

development are being strengthened both by the public and private sectors.

Lets Review

1. Cite two major inventions that led to the development of physics and technology.

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________


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2. How does physics contribute to national development?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________


Lets Learn

Do you know of agencies or institutions in our country that are engaged in research and

development? Have you visited them? Some of these agencies are listed below.

1. Energy Research and Development Center (ERDC). It is involved in applied

research and development of alternative sources of energy, like solar and wind energy,

biomass and other nonconventional energy resources.

2. Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI). This is the seat of the firstPhilippine nuclear reactor developed for research purposes. It produces radioisotopes

such as cobalt 60, phosphorus 32 and strontium 90 for researches in medicine,

industry and agriculture. The institute promotes and regulates the use of radioactive

materials in the country to protect people and the environment from the harmful effects

of nuclear radiation.

3. National Institute of Physics(NIP). This is the seat of physics research and training

in the country. Basic studies and experiments in physics are done here. It includes

studies on plasma, lasers, solid-state physics and superconductivity.

4. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical ServicesAdministration (PAGASA).This agency provides information about the weather,

climate, astronomical and atmospheric phenomena and their causes and effects on

people and the environment.

5. Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS). This institute

is tasked to warn people of impending disasters arising from volcanic eruptions,

earthquakes, and geotectonic phenomena such as tsunamis, faults and landslides.

Lets Learn

What major developments in physics have implications on you and society? How have they

changed peoples thinking about nature?

Physics has brought about so many things that affect people and society. The following are

major developments in physics that have implications on society and have changed peoples

thinking about nature:

Change from Ptolemys idea that the earth was the center of the universe and of

planetary motion to Copernicus view that the sun is the center of the solar

system.


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Lets Try This

Below is a list of some products of technology. Identify the scientific ideas or concepts

behind each and its effect on you and society. Write your answer in the space provided for each.


Lets Think About This

You had just arrived home from the market. You were very tired. After putting all the items

you bought in their proper places, you tuned in to the radio to listen to good music and relax. But

the radio did not function.

1. What steps should you undertake to find out why the radio was not functioning?

__________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

2. What principles of physics are involved in the operation of a radio?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________


Lets See What You Have Learned

Fill up the table by citing at least two examples of advances in technology as a result ofphysics research in each area indicated. The first item has been done for you. Write your answers

in the space provided for each area.


Product ofTechnology

ScientificConcepts

Flatiron heat Makes work easier

Radio sound Makes life pleasurlead to noise pollut

Tricycle

TV

Computer

Cell phone

Area Exampl

Transportation LRT, jet planes

Communication

Medicine

Agriculture

Industry

Education


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Lets Remember

Physics and technology are related, but they are not the same. Physicshas to do with

discovering facts and relationships between observable phenomena. Technologyhas

to do with tools, teachings and procedures for putting scientific findings to use. The invention of the steam engine in 1750 ushered in the Industrial Revolution.

The invention of the transistor in 1948 started the revolution in the telecommunications

industry and information technology.

You have reached the end of the module. Congratulations! Did you enjoy studying this

module? Did you learn a lot from it? Read the following summary of its main points to help you

remember them better.

Lets Sum Up

Physics is the most basic of all sciences.

Physics is the science that explains the relationships among the elements of the physical

universe, while technology is the application of these relationships.

Awareness of physics and technology in the Philippines may be traced back to the pre-

Spanish era.

Many of our modern technologies are physics-based.

The invention of the steam engine in 1750 ushered in the Industrial Revolution, whilethe invention of the transistor in 1948 started the revolution in the telecommunications

industry and information technology.

Integrated circuits (ICs) consist of semiconductor devices such as diodes, transistors

and combinations of those contained in a very small chip of silicon.

The use of transistors and IC transistorized, miniaturized and automated electrical

devices.

Computers and robots find uses not only in industry but also in the home.

Advances in physics and technology changed peoples views of nature, and theirlifestyles and ways of thinking.


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What Have You Learned?

A. Match the items in Column A with those in Column B.

A B

Set A

a. study of composition and structure of matter

b. study of plants

c. study of living things

d. study of matter and energy

e. study of stars and galaxies

Set B

a. discovered X rays

b. invented the alcohol-fueled airplane engine

c. formulated the laws of motion

d. discovered radioactivity

e. proved that magnetism can produce electric

current

Set C

a. make traveling more convenient and faster

b. useful in medicine for diagnostic purposes

c. provides entertainment

d. make household chores easier and convenient

e. make communication fast and effective

Compare your answers with those found in theAnswer Keyon page 28. If you got a score

of:

03 You have to study the whole module again.

47 Review the parts of the module you did not understand.

811 Good! Just review the items which you did not get right.

1215 Very good! You learned a lot from this module.

1. Physics

2. Chemistry

3. Botany

4. Astronomy

5. Life science

1. Henri Becquerel

2. Michael Faraday

3. Isaac Newton

4. Wilhelm Roentgen

5. Gregorio Zara

1. radio, TV, cassette

2. refrigerator, washing

machine, electric stove

3. telephone, cell phone,

fax machine, telegraph

4. tricycle, bus,

train, LRT

5. ultrasound, X-ray

machines, stethoscope


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Answer Key

A. Lets See What You Already Know (pages 13)

1.a

Options b, c, d are incorrect because they all deal with living things.2. a Option b is incorrect because Einstein formulated the theory of relativity; c

is incorrect because Galileo studied falling bodies; d is incorrect because

Johannes Kepler formulated the laws of planetary motion.

3. d Option b is incorrect because Galileo formulated the laws on falling bodies;

c is incorrect because Max Planck formulated the quantum theory; a is

incorrect because Newton formulated the laws of motion.

4. c Option a is incorrect because botany is the study of plants; b is incorrect

because chemistry is the study of the composition of matter; d is incorrect

because astronomy deals with celestial bodies like planets, stars, andgalaxies.

5. b Options a, c and d are incorrect because they dont answer questions about

the physical world.

6. d Hypothesis is a scientific guess.

7. b Option a is incorrect because Gregorio Zara invented the video phone; c is

incorrect because Eduardo San Juan invented the lunar rover; d is incorrect

because Sonido is an environmental impact researcher.

8. b Option a is incorrect because biology deals with the study of plants andanimals; c is incorrect because geology deals with the study of the earths

interior; d is incorrect because meteorology deals with the study of the

atmosphere of the planet.

9. d Option a is incorrect because mechanics deals with forces and motion; b is

incorrect because it deals with electric and magnetic fields; c is incorrect

because electricity deals with static and current electricity.

10. d Options a, b and c are all correct because all principally involve physics.

11. d Options a, b and c are all correct because all are products of technology.

12. d Option d is correct because it operates on laws of refraction; a, b and c are

incorrect because all involve the laws of electromagnetism.

13. a Options b, c and d are incorrect because they are not the effects of the

invention of the steam engine.

14. d Options a, b and c are all correct because they are all the important and

good effects of the invention of the transistor.

15. a Option b is incorrect because it is a good effect of technology; options c

and d are incorrect because they are not effects of technology.


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B. Lesson 1

Lets Try This (page 5)

1. The two main branches of natural science are life science and physical

science. Life science is the study of living things while physical science is the study

of nonliving things.

2. Science is a systematized body of knowledge.

Lets Review (page 7)

A. 1. d

2. b

3. a

4. e

5. c

B. 1. Physics is the most basic science because the concepts and principles of

physics are fundamental to other sciences.

2. d (Electromagnetism is a domain of physics; a, b and c are areas or fields

of science.)



Lets Study and Analyze (page 11)

(The following are possible answers.)

Problems:

1. How does garbage affect the environment?

2. What are the proper ways to dispose of garbage?

Scientist Contrib

1. Isaac Newton Formulated the laws of motiogravitation

2. Johannes Kepler Formulated the laws of planet

3. Henri Becquerel Discovered radioactivity

4. Michael Faraday Formulated the law of electro

5. Albert Einstein Formulated the theory of relati

Scientist Contrib

1. Arturo P. Alcaraz Made a working model of a geo

2. Agapito G. Flores Invented the first fluorescent la

3. Melecio S. Magno Made contributions to meteorol4. Henry J. Ramos Developed the first plasma devi

5. Gregorio Y. Zara Invented the video phone and a


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Information gathered:

1. People lack discipline.

2. There is a lack of dumping sites.

3. People are not aware of municipal ordinances about segregation of garbage.4. There is lack of information on how to recycle things.

Hypothesis: Improper waste disposal may cause dirty surroundings, bad odor and

illness among the people in the community.

Investigation: Conduct a survey and compare the surroundings and health conditions

of people in areas where garbage is properly disposed of and those

where garbage is thrown anywhere.

Conclusion: To maintain clean surroundings and prevent the spread of diseases in

the community, people should:1. maintain discipline

2. practice proper ways of waste disposal

a. segregate biodegradable and nonbiodegradable wastes

b. recycle nonbiodegradable waste

c. make compost pits

Application: Use of shredders for composting


Lets See What You Have Learned (pages 1314)

A. 1. astronomy

2. geology

3. meteorology

4. biology

5. physics

6. nuclear physics

Place Devices/Acti

At home Flatiron, oven toaster, vacuum

In the street Calesa, tricycles, jeepneys, trai

Market Weighing scale, measuring tap

Playground See-saw, chinning bars, slide

Church Bell, microphone, overhead proj

Sea Boatship

School Computer, photocopier machine

Clinic Weighing scale, stethoscope, X-


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B. 1. Gregorio Zara

2. Eduardo San Juan

3. Galileo Galilei

4. Albert Einstein 5. Isaac Newton

6. Agapito Flores

C. Lesson 2

Lets Think About This (page 16)

1. Yes, the early settlers in the Philippines showed knowledge of scientific concepts

and principles. They applied this knowledge in fishing, farming, mining,

metalwork, ship building and navigation.

2. Filipinos learned much about science, arts and letters from the Spaniards.

Agricultural industries like the tobacco industry flourished during the Spanish rule.

On the other hand, physics-related technology started during the American

regime. The means of transportation were vastly improved. New industries like

pineapple canning, sugar refining, rope making and copra making were

introduced.

Lets Review (pages 1718)

1. The inventions of the steam engine and the transistor led to the development ofphysics and technology.

2. Physics and technology contribute to national development through:

progress in transportation, telecommunication and information

technology

progress in agriculture and industry

progress in medicine

electrical devices being transistorized, miniaturized and automated

extensive research and development in agriculture, industry and information

technology, which are crucial to national economic progress


1. (Choose only four from the following:)

The average human life span has increased.

Communication has become effective and fast.

People are mobilized.

Household chores are now easier and life has become more comfortable.

People have more time for pleasure because work is easier.


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People can relate and communicate with other people in other places.

Events are covered and viewed simultaneously in different parts of the

world.

Exploration of space is now possible.

Doing research is easier and more convenient through the Internet.

Teleconferencing is now possible.

Productivity and income have increased.

There are more job opportunities.

Simultaneous activities can be done.

Diseases are detected and diagnosed faster. There are also better methods

of treating certain diseases.

2. Harmful effects of technology

It causes widespread pollution.

Many workers are displaced.

Students spend more time on computer games, surfing and chatting on the

Internet, causing them to earn poor grades.

Interaction among people is lessened because they can now work right

inside their homes.

Natural resources are being used up at an alarming rate.

Weapons with potential to destroy civilization are created.

There are now plenty of congested roads with smoke-belching cars, trucks,buses and jeepneys.

Rivers, lake and oceans are contaminated with wastes.

Some species of plants and animals have become extinct.

Family ties have weakened due to lesser interaction among members of the

family.


Product ofTechnology

ScientificConcepts

Flatiron heat Makes work easier a

Radio Sound Makes life pleasurabcreate noise pollutio

Tricycle mechanics Mobilizes people

TV electricity, light,sound

Provides entertainmenjoyable and relaxi

Computer electronics Makes work faster ainformation; efficientcommunication

Cell phone radiation Communication bec


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Lets Think About This (page 20)

1. a. Check if other electrical appliances and devices are functioning. If they are,

you can rule out brownout as the reason for the radios failure to function.

b. Bring the radio to an electrician or someone who has knowledge in

electronics to fix it.

2. Principles of physics:

a. Electricity is due to the moving of electrons along a conductor. To have a

continuous flow of current, there must be a complete or closed circuit. If

there are broken or disconnected wires, the circuit is said to be open and

there will be no current flowing.

b. In a radio, there is transformation of electric energy to sound energy.

Lets See What You Have Learned (page 20)

D. What Have You Learned? (page 22)

Set A Set B Set C

1. d 1. d 1. c

2. a 2. e 2. d

3. b 3. c 3. e

4. e 4. a 4. a

5. c 5. b 5. b

Area Exampl

Transportation Development of jeepneys, cars, tfast craft, ships, jet planes and sp

Communication Global communication through sacable TV and cell phones, fiber o

Medicine Use of ultrasound, laser beams,imaging, X rays, radioisotopes, fi

Agriculture Application of genetic engineerintracers

Industry Electronic banking, robotics, fingoptics

Education Use of computer-aided instructionInternet, use of fax machines andmessages, information and knowl


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Glossary

Life science The branch of science that deals with the study of living things.

Physics The physical science that deals with the study of matter and energy and the

transformation of energy.

Physical science The branch of science that deals with the study of nonliving things.

Science A systematized body of knowledge based on observation and experimentation.

Scientific method An orderly method that is effective in gaining, organizing and applying

new knowledge.

Technology A method of solving practical problems by applying or implementing scientific

findings.

References

Capistrano, Phondora S., et al.New Physics: Science and Technology for Fourth Year.

Philippines: Philippine Book Company, Inc., 1990.

Department of Education, Culture and Sports. Science and Technology IV. SEDP series.

Philippines: Book Media Press, Inc., 1992.

Hewitt, Paul G. Conceptual Physics.7th ed. New York: Harper Collins College

Publishers, 1993.

Portugal, Hideliza L. and Emma F. Fondevilla. Science and Technology: PhysicsMetro

Manila: Vibal Publishing Books, Inc., 1993.

Salmorin, Lolita M. Science and Technology Today: Physics. Metro Manila: Abiva

Publishing House, Inc., 1990.

Physics in National Development

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Transcript of Physics in National Development