Faculty Level Ph.D.Faculty Level Ph.D.’’s: (66) s: (66)

••

T/TT Faculty: (17)T/TT Faculty: (17)

••

Research Faculty: (10)Research Faculty: (10)

••

Adjunct Professors: (2)Adjunct Professors: (2)

•• Emeritus Faculty: (10)Emeritus Faculty: (10)

••

Other Ph.D. Staff: (27) Other Ph.D. Staff: (27)

Support staff: (8) Support staff: (8)

Annual Expenditures: Annual Expenditures:

•• $$1.9 M Instructional Budget (FY12)

•• Spectrum Lab ($Spectrum Lab ($1.26 M); MSGC ($0.85 M)

Physics Department PersonnelPhysics Department Personnel

AY 07 - 08

AY 08 - 09

AY 09 - 10

AY 10 -11

UGs 97 96 86 99

Grads 58 59 61 52

B.S. 19 13 17 17

MS / PhD 9 / 5 6 / 7 8 / 5 8 / 10

Res. $$ $6.3 M $6.0 M $6.7 M $7.04M

Some Events of Past Year 2011Some Events of Past Year 2011Hiscock Radiation Belt Explorer – NASA ride share, SSEL and 125+ students

Visiting Professor – Dr. Yongchen Sun; with Cone group (Dean, VPR, Provost)

Arrival of Asst. Professor Nico Yunes; Tenure + promotion for Jiong Qiu

PECASE for Jonathan Cirtain – student of Piet Martens

Charles Kankelborg to Kavli Symposium this week:

Bennett Link – Faculty Development Award travel to Australia

Babbitt – Sabbatical Award; currently in Austrailia and other places

Optics program – impact in Galatin Valley (Bridger, MM article)

Publications: Nature-Martens; Nature-Rebane; PRLs (Neumeier)

Neil Cornish – “Through the Wormhole” Morgan Freeman – size of universe

Number of Degrees

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

BS DegPh.D. Deg

Number of Students Fall Semester

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

MajorsGraduateTT Faculty

$0

$100,000

$200,000

$300,000

$400,000

$500,000

$600,000

$700,000

$800,000

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33

External Research Funding per TT Faculty

Average for 34 Departments MSU Physics

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33

$0

$50,000

$100,000

$150,000

$200,000

$250,000

$300,000

$350,000

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33

Undergraduate Majors per TT Faculty

Instructional Budget per TT Faculty Graduate Students per TT Faculty

Some Outcomes of External ReviewSome Outcomes of External Review

Need to add faculty if we want to grow the program (teaching and research)

Restore classified position for purpose of travel/recruiting/retention/assessment

Define more permanent positions for adjuncts to provide stability in our teaching

program and to create opportunities for individual professional growth

Conduct space utilization analysis of buildings near to EPS to identify underutilized

space that might be reassigned to Physics

Curriculum suggestions; apply for more grad student national fellowships

Do away with non-resident tuition for graduate students to improve recruiting

Leadership must specify vision for MSU so departments can see their role in it

Physics Instruction and Physics Education Research

Greg FrancisGreg FrancisShannon WilloughbyShannon Willoughby

Studying Misconceptions in Physics TeachingStudying Misconceptions in Physics TeachingTeaching by InquiryTeaching by Inquiry

2 Graduate Students currently working in2 Graduate Students currently working inPhysics Education ResearchPhysics Education Research

Force Concept Inventory (Hestenes, et al)

v

steel cable

An elevator is being lifted up an elevator shaft by a steel cable. When the elevator is moving up the shaft at a constant velocity:

A) the upward force on the elevator by the cable is greater than the downward force of gravity.

B) the amount of upward force on the elevator by the cable is equal to the downward force of gravity.

C) other distractors...

Typical FCI question:Typical FCI question:

Using Instruction Informed by PER Using Instruction Informed by PER --

Does it improve learning?Does it improve learning?

Does it last?Does it last?

20%

40%

60%

80%

FCI Scor es

Pre- Test

Post- Test

Normalized Gain: <g>

Fall 94 N = 254

Fall 95 N = 269

Fall 96 N = 149

Spring 97 N = 191

Fall 98 N = 240

Summer 99 N = 28

Summer 99 N = 7 H.S. Teacher

39% 35% 31% 34% 31% 28%

65% 68% 67% 65% 61%

67%

90%

.43 .51 .52 .50 .46 .70

Pre- Test

Post- Test

Fall 94 N = 27

Fall 95 N = 47

39% 34%

FCI Scores80%

60%

40%

20%

Fall 96 N = 48

31%

62% 69% 72%

Follow-up Test

60% 57% 64%

Δt = 3+ yrs 2+ yrs 1+ yrs

Phys 201: Physics by Inquiry

• Pre-service elementary education majors.• Completely lab-based (no lectures).• 20 students, 2-3 instructors• Focus on deep conceptual understanding

of limited number of topics.

Masters in Science and Science Education (MSSE)

• Physics department offers three research- based inquiry courses each summer.

• Supports both practicing physics teachers as well as teachers with other backgrounds that are being asked to move into the physics classroom.

• Models inquiry teaching while deepening content understanding.

Astrophysics and

Gravitational Wave Astronomy Bennett Link

Produced in supernova explosions.

Strongest magnets in the Universe.

Produce enormous explosions.

Neutron stars contain the densest known matter in the Universe.

MSU is using neutron stars as astrophysical laboratories to advance the understanding of elementary particle physics.

People: Sachiko Tsuruta, Bennett Link, graduate and undergraduate students.

MSU Astrophysics: Study of Neutron Stars

NS diameter

Neutron star

MSU Tsuruta Group: Relativistic and High Energy AstrophysicsºFaculty: Sachiko Tsuruta (Over years, the group produced many MSU PhD, MS and BS graduates)º2010: Group produced two PhDs and one MSºIn year 2010, Group had 9 Graduate Students and 2 UndergraduatesºCollaborations: including groups in Cambridge Univ.(UK), Tokyo Univ.,Kyoto Univ., Iwate Univ. and Nagoya Univ. (Japan), Penn State and Lick Observatory (USA).Goals: to answer such Research Questions as:1.What are supermassive black holes in Central Engine of Quasars (and

other Active Galactic Nuclei), among the most energetic phenomena in the Universe? What is energizing their enormous energy output? How can observations by space missions, such as XMM-Newton and Suzaku, and ground-based observatories, together with theories, answer these questions?

2.What are the evolution, composition, structure and magnetic fields ofultra-dense neutron stars, as magnetars and pulsars?

3. How are first stars and black holes formed and evolved in the early Universe? How are supermassive black holes in quasars formed?

Active Galactic NucleiCentral engine of Quasar

Suzaku

XMM-Newton

Montana Gravitational Wave Astronomy Group

Asst. Prof. Nico Yunes Res. Prof. Ron HellingsProf. Neil Cornish

Opening a new window on the Universe

Gravitational Wave Astronomy

The collision of two black holes will, for a brief time, outshine all the stars in all galaxies in the Universe.

It is a little embarrassing that we have yet to observe themost energetic events in the cosmos!

The detection of gravitational waves will allow us to probe matter and gravitational fields in their most extreme forms, and to test Einstein’s theory of gravity.

MSU is a member institution of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration, and we participate in the analysis of the data.

MSU is one of 11 US institutions represented on the LISA International Science Team.

MSU graduate and undergraduate students participate in the research and outreach activities. Our Space Public Outreach Team presentation on GWs that was seen by over 5,000 Montana school students.

Solar Physics

Dana Longcope

GRAs: Ernest Amouzou, Shane Atwood, Sean Brannon, Hans Courrier, J. Lewis Fox, Silvina Guidoni, Adam Kobelski, Wenjuan Liu, Chris Lowder, Jake Plovanic, Tom Rust, Jason Scott, Lucas Tarr2010 PhDs: Maria Kazachenko, Anna Malanu- shenko, Andrés Muñoz-Jaramillo, Sabrina Savage

Research Scientists: Christina Dunn, Anna Malanushenko, Larry Springer, Aki Takeda, Keiji YoshimuraFaculty: Loren Acton, Richard Canfield, Angela DesJardins, Bob Leamon, Charles Kankelborg, Isaac Klapper (Math), David Klumpar, David McKenzie, Dana Longcope, Piet Martens, Jiong Qiu

Solar Physics at MSU Unlocking secrets of our star

Research questions:

1.How is a magnetic field generated inside the Sun? How does it emerge to the surface?2.How does the magnetic field structure and heat the Sun’s outer atmosphere to one million degrees?3.How is magnetic energy stored and suddenly released in solar flares and eruptions?

Research Tools:•Measurements from Space

Savage, McKenzieet al. ApJ 2010

1st direct evidence of reconnection after flare

Qiu, Hu et al. ApJ 2007

Ejected magnetic flux ropes created during flare

Why did the Sun sleep so long this time?

Nandi, Muñoz & Martens,

Nature (in press)

Malanushenko, Longcope & McKenzie ApJ 2009

Novel method for measuring electric currents in corona

• Novel EUV Imaging Spectrograph−

Study 80,000K chromosphere−

Instrument (payload) built by MSU students−

MSU direct costs > $2M to date• Launch from White Sands, NM (5 min. flight)

– First: Feb. 2006 (successful!)– Next: 2011

• Education and Public Outreach (with MSGC)– “SMARTS”: solar telescope for public

(SMAS) and high school use– “Rocket Scientists”: movie

about MSU student research sent to every high school in Montana

MOSES Rocket (Charles Kankelborg)

Grad: J. Lewis Fox, Hans Courrier, Jacob Plovanic, Shane Atwood, Pat Lokken (MSEE) Undergrad: Jaron Hartman, Pat O’Hara

Fox, Kankelborg & Thomas ApJ 2010

Orbiting spacecraft

Hinode (McKenzie,Co-I)

Yohkoh (Acton, PI) Commanded by students (& faculty) from MSU

(264 EPS)

RHESSI (Canfield, Co-I)

SDO (Martens & McKenzie: Co-Is, Martens: feature-finding PI)

TRACE, Acton Co-I)

IRIS (Kankelborg,Co-I)

1991-2001

2006-

1998-2010

2010-

2002-

2012(?)

Space Science & Engineering Laboratory (SSEL) “Today’s Students – Tomorrow’s Engineers and Scientists”

• Direct, experiential, hands-on reinforcement, application, and extension of academic classroom knowledge

• Interdisciplinary (all STEM fields, and others)

• at any one time: 20-50 undergraduate & graduate students. 10-years: ~400 students

• Student retention - A reason for being at MSU; attachment to and self-identification with a profession. Professional and social belonging.

• Funding support:– External: ~$1M/yr– MSU/State of Montana: $0

Physics Faculty: David Klumpar, Charles Kankelborg. Staff: 4 F.T. professionals

Condensed Matter Physics

John Neumeier

Condensed Matter Physics The study of the physical properties of condensed phases of matter.

The largest subfield of physics.

A synthesis of three cornerstones of physics: quantum mechanics, statistical physics, and electromagnetism.

Is conducted by small groups (typically less than 10 researchers).

Consists of “table-top experiments” that provide a powerful arena for the testingof new theories and mathematical methods with broad, multidisciplinary application.

Condensed matter physics has been awarded 21 Nobel Prizes since 1960.

Research in this area has led to numerous technological advances: transistor, integrated circuits, magnetic and ferroelectric storage media, optical fiber, liquid crystal displays, sonar, ultrasonic imaging, the photocopier, solid-state LASERs,MRI . . . .

Anton Vorontsov - Quantum Fluids (Theory)

Combination of analytical and computational methods

Properties of unconventional superconductorsNew materials & old puzzles

New condensed states in quantum fluids under extreme conditionsThin filmsHigh magnetic fields

Surface states in superconductorsAndreev bound states in electronic devices

Magnetism and SuperconductivityInterplay of magnetic and superconducting states

General theme: collective quantum behavior of interacting electrons on macroscopic scales

Recep Avci – Imaging and Chemical Analysis Laboratory

ICAL – a user facility that maintains a host of instruments dedicated to the characterization of materials through high-resolution imaging and spectroscopy. It provides access to state-of-the-art equipment and expert staff for research and education in all science and engineering disciplines.

Service: Assisting over 20 departments/centers at MSU, 24 Montana high-tech companies, 16 non-MSU academic and government labs, and commercial companies.Teaching: Interacting with over 200 students a year through short courses and classroom and laboratory demonstrations/tours.In-house research: Engaging in continued federal grant activity exceeding five million dollars in the last eight years. This includes a recent five-year MURI grant.

In-House Research: • Immunoimmobilization of living bacteria on material surfaces• Biocorrosion and biodeterioration of materials and biofuels• Nanoscale imaging and force spectroscopy of biological materials • Microbial adhesion and nano-elasticity of bacterial cell surfaces

A defect

p n p

Transistor

SiB P

Energy converters

FeTiEr

Active optical elements

Students together with researchers identify atomic/nanoscale defects in advanced materials using multi-frequency electron / nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

O

Li

Nb

Yb3+LiVLi

Atomic size defects can be harmful (like defects created by aging or radiation) or useful (like special dopants Boron and Phosphorus in Si)

SenderReceiver

Fiberλ1 λ1

λ2λ2

λ3 λ3

Optical telecommunication

LiNbOLiNbO33

Galina Malovichko – Defects in Solids

Yves Idzerda – Interface Phenomena

Spin-Transport Electronics – The evolution of electronics using the spin (magnetism) of the electron instead of its charge (electricity).

Fundamental Research on the physics of interfaces

How does the interface between two materials affect the transport of charges (electronics), ions (energy), and spins (spintronics)?

We use intense X-ray sources (synchrotrons) available at the Advanced Light Source and the National Synchrotron Light Source.

Average Student Participation –7 graduate students, 2 undergraduates

Hugo Schmidt – Electroactive Materials and Fuel Cells

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell/ElectrolyzerHigh wind: Excess windpower to electrolyzer to

make hydrogenLow wind: Hydrogen to fuel cell to provide power

for peak demandOur cells show good performance and life in both

modes

Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Crystals and CeramicsFerroelectrics are memory materialsPiezoelectrics convert pressure to voltage or vice versaApplications include speakers, sonar, and medical devices

Research TrainingTwo Ph.D.s completed in 2010One postdoc, one grad student, and three undergrads now in labHave mentored numerous REU and AIRO students

Richard Smith Richard Smith – Ion Beams GroupIon Beams Group Surface Surface and Interface Structure forand Interface Structure for Applications Applications

in in GMR (memory) and Catalysis (GMR (memory) and Catalysis (Hydrogen StorageHydrogen Storage))

Goals: Characterize and stabilize solid-solid interfaces; quantify hydrogen absorption in materials for energy applications.

Fe

Ti

Al

Fe

Ion Beam Techniques: He+ ion channeling; ion backscattering; nuclear reaction analysis; forward scattering of hydrogen (ERD)

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell materials problems: Thermal stability of components at 800oC; absorption and diffusion of O and H ions; volatility of elements at high temperatures; poisoning mechanisms

Three graduate students in the group

Neumeier Group – Novel Materials

Sample Growth using a variety of techniques

Quasi-One-Dimensional SolidsDimensional crossover phenomenaNovel pairing of electrons – Boson formation w/o superconductivityPossible applications as solar cell materialsConnection to high-temperature superconductivity

Phase Transitions in SolidsFundamental investigations of critical phenomena in magnetic andsuperconducting materials.

Thermal Expansion of Solids w/ Resolution of 0.1 ÅFurther development and application of this technique

Training and Mentoring of Young ScientistsDirected Condensed Matter and LASER Physics REU for seven yearsHosting of Brazilian students and scholars: 4 postdocs, 4 studentsAverage Student Participation: 2-3 Graduate Students and 2 Undergrads

Optical Physics

Randy Babbitt

OpticsOptics Faculty in Physics

Randy Babbitt, John Carlsten, Rufus Cone, and Aleks Rebane

Optics-Related Faculty in PhysicsCharles Kankelborg, Galina Malovichko, and Jiong Qiu

Optics Research Faculty in PhysicsAlan Craig, Misha Drobijev, and Paul Nachman

Lasers and LIDAR GroupCollaboration between ECE and Physics

Prof. Kevin RepaskyECE Dept

(PhD, MSU Physics)

Prof. Joe ShawECE Dept and

Physics Affiliate Professor

Prof. John CarlstenPhysics Dept

LIDAR Projects:Aerosol LIDARBee LIDARWater Vapor LIDARCO2 Detection

Laser Projects:Diode LasersDiode Pumped LasersRaman Lasers

“From 20 Hz to 200 eV” – a span of 15 orders of magnitude• Narrowest optical lines observed in any solid

– 75 Hz for Er3+:Y2 SiO5 and 122 Hz for Eu3+:Y2 SiO5• Laser frequencies stabilized to spectral holes to 20 Hz – “a hair’s breadth out of

the earth moon distance” – leading to applications • The source for rare earth hole burning materials (dozens) • Materials for quantum information systems• New insights from relation of band structure and ionic 4fN levels impact lasers,

phosphors, scintillators, and hole burning materials• Conference organizer: HBSM 2003, France, Taiwan, Jackson Hole, Snowbird

B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. graduates placed in • Local optics industries – Scientific Materials, Big Sky Lasers, Wavelength

Electronics, ILX, Lattice Materials, Resonon, Altos, New Wave, ….• University of San Francisco, U. of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, USD, and MIT • Corning, Hewlett Packard, 3M Research, Rockwell, Ball Research, and Tektronix• National laboratory – Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory

Collaborations•John Carlsten, Randy Babbitt, Spectrum Lab, Aleks Rebane, Kris Merkel •Scientific Materials collaboration has been highlighted nationally and in MT

•S2 Corporation, Bozeman – 3 licensed Cone patents enable devices•University of Calgary – Quantum information• IBM Research

Cone-Thiel Group Highlights Prof. Rufus Cone, Fellow of American Physical Society, & Dr. Charles Thiel

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

LuGd

CB

4fN

4fN-15d

VB

Ce LuGdCe LuGdCe

Bin

ding

Ene

rgy

(eV

)

YIGYGGYAG

Nonlinear Spectroscopy and BiophotonicsAleks Rebane & Misha Drobizhev

Main achievements:• National- and international leader in two-photon absorption (2PA) spectroscopy

US: AFOSR core research program; Europe: EU Science Framework Program on 2PA biomedical applications;• Spearhead MSU-wide collaborative interdisciplinary research encompassing physics, chemistry and biology (Thom Hughes/Cell Biology and Neuroscience; Jean Starkey/ Microbiology; Charley Spangler, Pat Callis and Bern Kohler/Chemistry)• Main funding sources: AFOSR, NIH, NSF (~400k/yr)

International Awards• International Commission for Optics Prize 1993• Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Leopold Ruzicka Prize 1996 • Russian Academy of Sciences Yuri N. Denisyuk Medal 2010

Future plans:• New NIH project with Hughes/Callis (240k/yr pending approval)• Spearhead novel optical methods to study complex biological systems• Interdisciplinary projects in biology, chemistry, and engineering• Compete for national interdisciplinary research center funding• Technology transfer to local industry• Support native American students

In NIH-funded research project Rebane and Hughes groups study novel fluorescent proteins for biophotonic applications

Interdisciplinary MSU Research Center• Jointly under Colleges of Engineering and Letters and Science• Directors: A. Craig (‘99-’02), R. Babbitt (‘02-’10), Zeb Barber (‘10- )

Mission Statement• Develop Montana grown photonic technologies• Tech Transfer to Montana companies • Unique experience and employment for students

Core Technologies• Stabilized lasers for high precision ladar and imaging• Mid-IR remote chemical sensing and meth lab detection• Microwave photonics processing with spectral holography

Highlights• Inter-College and Inter-Industry Collaborations

• UGrads and Grads in Physics, EE, MechE, and ChemE• Working with 5 companies. 12 licensed patents

• Two spin-off companies: S2 Corp and Bridger Photonics• Each >>$1M in annual revenue.

• Annual G&C income: $1.5M.

Lincoln Penny

Optical Technology Center (Optical Technology Center (OpTeCOpTeC))

ECEDickensheetsNakagawaRepaskyShawWolff HimmerKaiserPust

Director: Dr. Joseph Shaw

PhysicsBabbittCarlstenConeKankelborgMalovichkoRebaneQiuCraigDrobijevDunnNachman

ChemistryDratzKohlerSingelC. SpanglerL. Spangler Walker

MathVogelYang

Spectrum LabBarber ReibelRupavatharamThiel

Industry30 optics companies and counting!

• Founded in 1992 by Carlsten, Cone Spangler, and Cady• Recruited faculty – Singel, Dickensheets, Rebane, Babbitt, Shaw• Annual Optical Technology Conference & Seminar Series• Coordinating plans for Master Degree in Optics

Bozeman Optics Companies

New Gate Technologies (2007)

Resonon (2002)

Chronochrome (2000)

Rasiris (2003)

Orio

nics

(198

0-19

85)

Big

Sky

Las

er /

Qua

ntel

(198

1)

TMA

Tec

hnol

ogie

s (1

984

-199

5)

ILX

Lig

htw

ave

(198

6)

Sci

entif

ic M

ater

ials

/FLI

R (1

989)

Latti

ce M

ater

ials

(198

9)

Wav

elen

gth

Ele

ctro

nics

(199

2)AdvR (1998)

Quantum Composers (1993)

New Wave Research (1998)

Altos Photonics (1995)

MPA Technologies (2001)

S2 Corporation (2005)

Litron Lasers of N. Am. (2007)

Sensopath (2003)Zdye(2004)

Bridger Photonics (2006)

PDI Bozeman (2002-2007)

Imag

e La

bs In

t’l (1

993)

NWB Sensors (2008)

Montana Instruments (2009)Pinyon Photonics (2009)

Fluorescence Innovations (2006)

Nu-Trek, Inc. (2008)

Phenix FO (2005)

Photon Machines (2008)

Scatterworks (1996)

Optics-related companiesper 10,000 population: - Bozeman, MT ~ 6- Tucson, AZ ~ 3

Electronic Realizations(2007)

(1999)

(1992)

MSU Optics Faculty and Bozeman Optics Companies

1980 1990 2000 2010Year

0

10

20

30

Num

ber o

f Opt

ics

Com

pani

es

1980 1990 2000 2010Year

0

10

20

30

Num

ber o

f Opt

ics

Facu

lty

MSU Optics Faculty1978-2010

Bozeman Optics Companies1978-2010

Five PhDs supervised by MSU Physics optics faculty now head Bozeman companies.

All five companies have annual revenues of $1M and up! The majority of their employees are MSU grads!

Thank you

Questions?