Physics 223 27. Current and Resistance 27.1 Electric Current 27.2 Resistance 27.3 A Model for...
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Transcript of Physics 223 27. Current and Resistance 27.1 Electric Current 27.2 Resistance 27.3 A Model for...
Physics 223
27. Current and Resistance
27.1 Electric Current
27.2 Resistance
27.3 A Model for Electrical Conduction
27.4 Resistance and Temperature
27.5 Superconductors
27.6 Electrical Power
27.1 Electric Current
current = charge / time
I = Q / t
I = dQ/dt
amps = coulombs/s
1A = 1 C/s
Electric Current
I = n q vd A
Current Density
J = I / A
J = n q vd
Ohm’s Law
Current Density depends on the electric field and the conductivity
J = E
Ohm’s Law … continued!
J = E
J = V/L
I = A V/ L
V = I (L/ A)
V = I R
Resistance
R = L/ A
Resistivity
The resistance of a wire depends on three factors
R = L / A
Resistance = Resistivity x Length / area
Example 27.1 . . . Hair dryer
A sticker on a hair dryer reads 120 V 10 A. The resistance of the heating element is most nearly
A. 0.12 B. 1.02 C. 12 D. 1200
Solution 27.1 . . . Hair dryer
Ohm’s Law says: volts = amps x ohmsV = I R120 = 10 x RR = 12 (say 12 ohms)
C. 12
Problem 27.2 . . . who's counting the electrons?
The number of electrons flowing per second through the heating element of the hair dryer is
A. 1.2 x 102
B. 1.6 x 10-19
C. 6.2 x 1027
D. 6.2 x 1019
Solution 27.2 . . . who's counting the electrons?
I = Q /tQ = 10 x 1Q = 10 CoulombsCharge of an electron is 1.6 x 10-19 Celectrons = 10 / 1.6 x 10-19
electrons = 6.2 x 1019
D. 6.2 x 1019
Problem 27.3 . . . All about
Two wires are made of the same material. Wire 1 is twice as long as wire 2 but is thinner and has half the radius of wire 2.
A. R1 = R2 and 1 = 2
B. R1 = 2R2 and 1 = 2
C. R1 = 4R2 and 1 = 2 2
D. R1 = 8R2 and 1 = 2
Solution 27.3 . . . All about
The cross-sectional area varies as the square of the radius. So the cross-sectional area of wire 1 is a quarter of the cross-sectional area of wire 2. This factor by itself would make the resistance of wire 1 four times that of wire 2. In addition, wire 1 is twice as long which would make its resistance twice as much. All told R1 = 8R2. Note that the wires are made of the same material so 1 = 2. The correct choice is D.
27.4 Resistance and Temperature
= 0 [ 1+ ( T – T0 )]
R = R0 [ 1+ ( T – T0 )]
is coefficient of resistivity
27.5 Superconductors
Below a critical temperature resistance decreases to ZERO!
27.6 Electrical Power
W = Q V
P = W / t
P = V Q /t
P = V I
Example 27.4 . . . Hair dryer
A sticker on a hair dryer reads 120 V 10 A. The power rating is
A. 12 WB. 120 WC. 1200 WD. 12000 W
Solution 27.4 . . . Hair dryer
C. 1200 W
That’s all folks!