Physical Properties
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Transcript of Physical Properties
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIESCan be observed using the 5 senses. Many can be measured.
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Examples of Physical Properties• Malleability- ability to be shaped by hammering or pressing• Solubility- ability to dissolve• Conductivity- ability to conduct thermal or electrical energy• Melting and Boiling Points- water- 0◦C/32◦F and
100◦C/212◦F• Volume- amount of space an object takes up- beaker- cm
cubed/mL• Mass- amount of matter in an object- scale- grams• Density- an objects ability to float- Mass per unit Volume
(g/mL)• Object floats- object is less dense than the liquid• Object sinks- object is more dense than the liquid
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PHYSICAL CHANGEChange in shape, size, or state.The type of matter doesn’t change.
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Examples of Physical Change• Change in shape or size (crushing up rocks)• Change in state (wax melting or hardening)• Solutions- dissolving a solid in a liquid• Mixtures- where a new substance is not formed
• Solids mixed with solids (adding salt to ice-lowers the melting point)
• Liquids mixed with solids (sand and water)• Liquids mixed with liquids (oil and water)
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CHEMICAL PROPERTIESCan only be seen when matter is changed into a new kind of matter.
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Examples of Chemical Properties• Ability of a match to light when struck• Wood burning to ash• Anything being cooked• Nail becoming rusted (iron changes to rust)• Milk spoils and curdles; food rotting• Car burning fuel• Body digesting food; digestion begins in the mouth with
saliva• Wick burning on a candle; smoke released during burning;
ash
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Clues that a Chemical Change is occurring
• Heat is released• Odor is released• Smoke is released• A new substance is made
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Mixtures and Solutions are Physical changes and can be separated
Mixture
• All parts of the mixture keep their physical properties
• Parts are not evenly combined (ex. You may get more pretzels than your neighbor in a snack mix)
Solution
• A mixture where all parts are equally combined
• A solid is dissolved into a liquid
• Solid dissolved faster if• The liquid is warm• The solid is broken into small
pieces• The solution is stirred or
shaken (rapid movement)
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Ways to separate a mixture or solution
• Sifting- colander- separate rice and flour• Magnetism- magnet- separate paperclips and sand• Filtration- filter- separate sand from water• Evaporation- separate a dissolved solid from liquid
• Liquid will evaporate more quickly if the heat is higher or if more of the surface area of the liquid is exposed
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Which 2 methods of separation would you use to separate a mixture of sand, salt, and water?• Sifting• Magnetism• Filtration• Evaporation
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ELEMENTSMade up of only one kind of matter
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Periodic Table of Elements
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What do all those numbers mean?• The atomic number tells how many protons the element
has. Hydrogen has 1.
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Compound• Water or H₂O
• Hydrogen Peroxide or H₂O₂
Substance made up of 2 or more elements.