Physical Fitness and Activity Assessment in Youth
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Transcript of Physical Fitness and Activity Assessment in Youth
Physical Fitness and Activity Assessment in Youth
HPER 3150Dr. Ayers
Physical Activity and Learning
Thomas Jefferson
“Exercise and recreation . . . are as necessary as reading. I will rather say
more necessary, because health is worth more than learning.”
Children are not “little adults”
Child’s score on aerobic fitness test does not predict endurance activity performance
Relationship BetweenPhysical Activity and Fitness
Skill-Related Fitness
Health-Related
Fitness
Agility
Coordination
Reaction time
Balance
Speed
Power
Aerobic fitness
Muscular strength/endurance
Flexibility
Body composition
National Fitness Studies
• Dr. Hans Kraus study (1954):• 42% of American children passed the assessment, while
• 92% of European school children passed the assessment
• President Eisenhower was shocked and established the President’s Council on Youth Fitness (1956)
• NCYFS I (1985)
• NCYFS II (1987)
Are American Children and Youth Fit?
Passing Rates on Youth Fitness Tests
Corbin & Pangrazi (RQES, 1992)
Strong et al. (2005)
AMA quotes
• “Inadequate physical education programs must be strengthened . . . .”
• “There is need . . . . to widen physical education offerings . . . . which contribute to . . . . well-being”
• “Every pupil should . . . . [be exposed] to physical education which promotes understanding of the significance of physical education in maintaining health.”
1967
Secretary of Health and Human Services
“Schools and universities need to reintroduce daily, quality physical activity as a key component of a
comprehensive education.”
1996
1996
Publication of
Physical Activity HealthA Report of the Surgeon General
Full Report - 278 PagesExecutive Summary
% Young People Reporting NO Vigorous or Moderate Activity During Any of the Past 7 Days
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
MalesFemales
AgeU.S. Surgeon General’s Report, 1996
%
Healthy People 2010
Shape of the Nation 2006
F as in Fat Report 2007
Other Prominent National Reports
63
25
52 56
28
010
2030
405060
7080
90100
Vigorous Moderate Strength Enrolled inPE
Daily PE
Perc
en
tFigure 12.2
Physical activity in grades 9 through 12in the United States
Grunbaum et al., MMWR, May 21, 2003
Why PA Decreases Over Time
Lack of time
Too competitive
Not fun anymore
Percent Overweight or ObeseGirls
05
101520253035404550
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
America
Sweden
Australia
Vincent, Pangrazi et al., MSSE, 2003
Percent Overweight or ObeseBoys
05
101520253035404550
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
America
Sweden
Australia
Vincent, Pangrazi et al., MSSE, 2003
Norm- Versus Criterion-Referenced Standards
• Norm-Referenced Standards (original PPFT)
Compare students to their peers
• Criterion-Referenced Standards (Fitnessgram)
Compare students to a health criterion
Review: Youth Fitness I• Relationship of fitness/activity to life
• Two types of fitness• Health-related Skill-related
• Relationship between age and physical activity
• Reasons for decreasing PA with age
• Norm- & Criterion-referenced standards
Youth Fitness Testing Batteries
FITNESSGRAM: http://www.fitnessgram.net/home/
The President's Challenge: www.fitness.gov
Eurofit
FITNESSGRAM
PACER
Skinfolds*
Curl-Up
Trunk Lift
Push-Ups
Printed with permission from the Cooper Institute, Dallas, Texas.
President’s Challenge
Physical Fitness Test Itemscurl-ups or partial curl-upsshuttle runendurance run/walkpull-ups or flexed arm hangV-sit
Health Fitness Testpartial curl-upsone-mile run/walkv-sit (or sit and reach)right angle push-ups (or pull-ups)Body Mass Index
Physical activity is a __________PROCESS
PHYSICAL FITNESS
Fill in the Blank
that leads to the product,
_______________________
Enhancing Reliable and Valid Fitness Test Results with Children
• Attain adequate knowledge of test descriptions
• Give proper demonstrations and instructions
• Develop good student and teacher preparation through adequate practice trials
• Conduct reliability studies
Special Children
Brockport Physical Fitness Test Items
See Table 12-12
Measuring Physical Activity in Youth
• Physical activity improves the overall health of children
• Physically inactive children tend to become inactive adults with higher risks for chronic diseases
• Physically active children tend to become active adults with lower risks for chronic diseases
Accelerometers
Pedometers
ACTIVITYGRAM Physical Activity Questions Based on the CDC’s Youth Risk Factor Behavior Survey
Aerobic Activity Question:On how many of the past 7 days did you participate in physical activityfor a total of 30-60 minutes, or more, over the course of a day?This includes moderate activities (walking, slow bicycling, or outdoor play)as well as vigorous activities (jogging, active games or active sports such asbasketball, tennis or soccer) (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 days) Strength Activity Question:On how many of the past 7 days did you do exercises to strengthenor tone your muscles? This includes exercises such as push-ups, sit-upsor weight lifting. (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 days)
Flexibility Activity Question:On how many of the past 7 days did you do stretching exercises toloosen up or relax your muscles? This includes exercises such astoe touches, knee bending, or leg stretching. (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 days)
Figure 12.10ACTIVITYGRAM logging chart
Printed with permission from the Cooper Institute, Dallas, Texas.
Printed with permission from the Cooper Institute, Dallas, Texas.
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