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Physical Exams Symposium Measuring fitness. Measuring Fitness Mark D. Hopkins, M.D. Board-Certified...
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Transcript of Physical Exams Symposium Measuring fitness. Measuring Fitness Mark D. Hopkins, M.D. Board-Certified...
Physical Exams SymposiumMeasuring fitness
Measuring Fitness
• Mark D. Hopkins, M.D.
• Board-Certified Orthopedic Surgeon
Measuring fitness
• Sit ups• Push ups• Pull ups
Weight Measurement Versus Waist Measurement
• Which is better
• Or should we be doing it another way?
• Cost Effectiveness
• Time Effectiveness
SIT UPS
SIT UPS
SIT UPS
SIT UPS
SIT UPS
SIT UPS
SIT UPS
PUSH UPS
PUSH UPS
PUSH UPS
PULL UPS
MEASURING FITNESS
MEASURING FITNESS
MEASURING FITNESS
• In order to measure, we must define…
MEASURING FITNESS
• Encarta Definition: The ability of the human body to function with vigor and alertness, without undue fatigue, and with ample energy to engage in leisure activities, and to meet physical stresses.
MEASURING FITNESS
• CDC: Set of attributes a person has in regards to a person’s ability to perform physical activities that require aerobic fitness, endurance, strength, or flexibility and is determined by a combination of regular activity and genetically inherited ability.
MEASURING FITNESS
MEASURING FITNESS
• Fitness parameters
• Cardio-respiratory endurance
• Muscular Strength
• Muscular endurance
• Flexibility
• Body Composition
MEASURING FITNESS
• Components of fitness: Limit Strength, Starting Strength, Explosive Strength, Agility, Flexibility, Static Balance, Dynamic Balance, Muscular Endurance, Speed Endurance, Cardio-respiratory endurance, Muscle Mass, Percent Body Fat, Freedom from Stress, Freedom from Disease or Injury, Preventive Lifestyle
MEASURING FITNESS
MEASURING FITNESS
• Benefits
• Decreased risk of hypertension, colon cancer and diabetes
• Increased well being
• Decreased risk of coronary artery disease
• Increased immunity
• Decreased incidence of depression
BODY COMPOSITION
• Weight – BMI – Body Mass Index
Wt in lbsHt” X Ht”
X 703 = BMI 220 lbs75” X 75” X 703 = 27.5
Wt in kgHt M X Ht M = BMI
99.79 kg1.905M X 1.905M
= 27.5
BODY COMPOSITION
BODY COMPOSITION
• CDC Definitions
• Underweight – less than 18.5
• Recommended – 18.6 – 24.9
• Overweight – 25.0 – 29.9
• Obese – 30 or greater
• 64.5% of adults in U.S. are overweight
BODY COMPOSITION
• Advantages
• Easy and inexpensive
• Increased BMI correlates with increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, some cancers and osteoarthritis
BODY COMPOSITION
• Disadvantages• BMI does not
distinguish fat from muscle
BODY COMPOSITION
BODY COMPOSITION
BODY COMPOSITION
BODY COMPOSITION
• Waist measurements
• Fat around waist – more likely to develop health problems than if around hips and thighs. This is true even if BMI is normal.
• Women with waist more than 35 inches
• Men with waist more than 40 inches
BODY COMPOSITION
• Body fat percentage• May be a better measure of risk
American Council of Exercise Guidelines
women menEssential fat 10-12% 2-4%Athletes 14-20% 6-13%Fitness 21-24% 14-17%Acceptable 25-31% 18-25% Obese 32% 26%
BODY COMPOSITION
BODY COMPOSITION
• Measuring body fat
Skin fold: accuracy varies greatly based on user’s abilitiesBIA: Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis accuracy 8% plus or minusCadaver analysis: The only direct method, but impracticalHW: Hydrostatic Weighing: gold standard, not easy, expensiveDXA: Dual energy xray absorpiometry, low dose radiation exposure, trained tech, expensive equipmentBODPOD: new, expensive technology
BODY COMPOSITION• Do you feel lost?
CARTILAGE REGENERATION
• Reversing the aging process…
• HTO, microfracture, OATS, carticel, chondroitin, glucosamine, hyaluronase, gene therapy
CARTILAGE REGENERATION
• Divided into relieving load bearing, with secondary repair, metabolic engineering, direct and indirect repair, transplantation and direct chondrocyte cell DNA modification
CARTILAGE REGENERATION
HTO, High Tibial Osteotomy
CARTILAGE REGENERATION
• Microfracture
CRATILAGE REGENERATION
• OATS – Osteochondral autograft resurfacing mosaicplasty
CARTILAGE REGENERATION
• OATS
CARTILAGE REGENERATION
• Carticel
CARTILAGE REGENERATION• Chondroitin
Analysis of Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate Content in MarketedProducts and the Caco-2 Permeability ofChondroitin Sulfate Raw MaterialsAbimbola O. Adebowale, PhD, Donna S. Cox, MS, Zhongming Liang, MS, Natalie D. Eddington, PhD,* Pharmacokinetics-Biopharmaceutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
CARTILAGE REGENERATION
• Glucosamine
CARTILAGE REGENERATION
• Hyaluronase
CARTILAGE REGENERATION• Gene therapy
QUESTIONS?