PHYSICAL EXAM and PHYSICAL EXAM and LAB EQUIPMENTLAB EQUIPMENT

Heather Wipijewski CVT ALATHeather Wipijewski CVT ALAT

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TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH PETERMS ASSOCIATED WITH PE

Assessment – Describe the evaluation of a Assessment – Describe the evaluation of a condition.condition.

Signalment – Description of the animal Signalment – Description of the animal and includes species, breed, age and sex.and includes species, breed, age and sex.

Vital Signs – Parameters taken from Vital Signs – Parameters taken from animal to assess its’ health.animal to assess its’ health.

Temperature, Pulse and Respiration (TPR)Temperature, Pulse and Respiration (TPR)• Febrile – feverFebrile – fever• Afebrile - without feverAfebrile - without fever• Pyrexia – fever (pyr/o means fire)Pyrexia – fever (pyr/o means fire)

PulsePulse Tells us the number of times a heart beats per Tells us the number of times a heart beats per

minute (bpm)minute (bpm) Taken by palpation of an artery. Taken by palpation of an artery. Not the same as heart rateNot the same as heart rate Heart rate (HR) and pulse rate may be different Heart rate (HR) and pulse rate may be different

(shouldn’t be) – and this is termed a (shouldn’t be) – and this is termed a pulse pulse deficitdeficit..

RespirationRespiration Number of breaths per minute (bpm)Number of breaths per minute (bpm) Includes one inhale AND exhaleIncludes one inhale AND exhale

PHYSICAL EXAM CONT.PHYSICAL EXAM CONT.

Blood PressureBlood Pressure Sphygmomanometer (sfigh-mo-mah-nohm-Sphygmomanometer (sfigh-mo-mah-nohm-

eh-ter) is the instrument used to measure eh-ter) is the instrument used to measure blood pressure.blood pressure.

Doppler is used to listen to blood sounds Doppler is used to listen to blood sounds during the measurement of blood pressure.during the measurement of blood pressure.

Doppler

Sphygmomanometer

PE cont.PE cont.

ListeningListening – – AuscultationAuscultation is listening to body is listening to body sounds, which usually involves the use of a sounds, which usually involves the use of a stethescope.stethescope.

TouchingTouching – – PalpationPalpation is examination by feeling. is examination by feeling. One can feel texture, size, consistency and One can feel texture, size, consistency and location of body parts or masses. location of body parts or masses. PercussionPercussion is is examination by tapping the surface to determine examination by tapping the surface to determine density of a body area. Can be done with a density of a body area. Can be done with a finger or instrument.finger or instrument.

percussion

PE Cont.PE Cont.

LookingLooking – – SpeculumSpeculum is an instrument is an instrument used to enlarge the opening of a canal or used to enlarge the opening of a canal or cavity. It is attached to an cavity. It is attached to an otoscopeotoscope (or (or other scope) to provide a better view. other scope) to provide a better view. Mouth speculum can be used to view oral Mouth speculum can be used to view oral cavity.cavity.

Equine with mouth speculum

Otoscope

NORMAL VITAL SIGNSNORMAL VITAL SIGNSHeart RateHeart Rate

BpmBpm

Respiratory RateRespiratory Rate

BpmBpm

Rectal Rectal temperaturetemperature

°C°C

Rectal Rectal temperaturetemperature

°F°F

DogsDogs 70-16070-160 8-208-20 38-3938-39 100.5-102.5100.5-102.5

CatCat 150-210150-210 8-308-30 38-3938-39 100.5-102.5100.5-102.5

HamsterHamster 250-500250-500 35-13535-135 37-3837-38 99-100.599-100.5

Guinea PigsGuinea Pigs 230-280230-280 42-10442-104 37-39.537-39.5 99-10399-103

RabbitsRabbits 130-325130-325 30-6030-60 38.5-4038.5-40 101.5-104101.5-104

HorsesHorses 28-5028-50 8-168-16 37.5-38.537.5-38.5 99.5-101.599.5-101.5

CattleCattle 40-8040-80 12-3612-36 38-3938-39 100.5-102.5100.5-102.5

SheepSheep 60-12060-120 12-5012-50 39-4039-40 102.5-104102.5-104

GoatsGoats 70-13570-135 12-5012-50 38.5-40.538.5-40.5 101.5-105101.5-105

PigsPigs 58-10058-100 8-188-18 39-4039-40 102.5-104102.5-104

LlamaLlama 60-9060-90 10-3010-30 37-3937-39 99-102.599-102.5

FerretFerret 230-250230-250 33-3633-36 38-4038-40 100.5-104100.5-104

LAB TERMINOLOGYLAB TERMINOLOGY VenipunctureVenipuncture – Drawing – Drawing

blood from vein with blood from vein with needleneedle

RefractometerRefractometer – – Instrument used to Instrument used to determine the deviation of determine the deviation of light through objects. light through objects. Used to measure solute Used to measure solute (particle) concentration of (particle) concentration of serum, urine and other serum, urine and other body fluids.body fluids.

LAB TERMINOLOGYLAB TERMINOLOGY

CentrifugeCentrifuge- Machine that spins samples - Machine that spins samples very rapidly to separate elements based very rapidly to separate elements based on weight. Separates the formed on weight. Separates the formed elements of blood from the liquid portion of elements of blood from the liquid portion of blood. Also separates the liquid portion of blood. Also separates the liquid portion of urine from heavier solids.urine from heavier solids.

centrifuge

Centrifuged urine Centrifuged blood sample

serum

WBC/platelet

RBC

URINE AND BLOODURINE AND BLOOD

Sperm

Epithelial Cell

URINE SAMPLE

URINE SAMPLES

Unstained white blood cells

Red blood cells

Canine blood sample

Platelets

Red Blood Cells

(2) Platelets from a healthy dog