Physical Disabilities and Other Health Impairments (OHI)
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Transcript of Physical Disabilities and Other Health Impairments (OHI)
Physical Disabilities and
Other Health Impairments
(OHI)
Amy Swederski
What do you already know?
1. Are physical disabilities genetic?
2. What are the causes and can they be prevented?
3. Is there a correlation with academic achievement?
4. Can individuals with physical disabilities lead a “normal” life?
5. What are some stigmas associated with physical disabilities?
1. Most are not. Muscular Dystrophy is hereditary.
2. Depends on the disability. Many can be prevented.
3. Not necessarily.
4. Many can!!
Physical Disabilities Defined:
“Children with physical disabilities or other health impairments are those whose physical limitations or health problems interfere with school attendance or leaning to such an extent that special services, training, equipment, materials, or facilities are needed.” (Hallahan and Kauffman, 2009, Pg 495)
Prevalence• 0.9% of the school population• 0.14% : orthopedic• 0.76% : OHI
(That is the amount receiving services, not the amount in need of services)
• Developmental delay, TBI, Multiple Disabilities.
• 1990’s-2004 increase• Reduce risk factors/Prevention
CharacteristicsAcademic Characteristics• For some, there aren’t any!• Use of alternative instructional
methods• Attendance issuesPersonality• Influenced by the public• Positive home relationship• Acceptance• Adolescence/Puberty
Etiology and How it affects
the individu
al?It depends!• Type of
disability• Severity• Affected
areas
Causes
Intellectual
Coordination/
Mobility
Communication/ Speech
TBITrauma
tic Brain Injury
TRAUMA!!! to the brain after birth
•Memory •Reasoning
Slowed or delayed speech development.
CPCerebral Palsy
Damage to a brain before maturity.
Dependent upon severity.Some average and above.Most below average
•Atonic•Spasticity•Para/Quad •Choreoathetoid
Spina Bifida
Spinal cord did not fuse properly during fetal development
•Paralysis•Anal/Bladder•Braces/wheelchairs
Speech may be affected/delayed due to the region on the spine that is affected.
Muscular
Dystrophy
Intellectual abilities are not affected!
Little to no mobility due to the deterioration of muscles.
Speech may be lost as muscles continue to weaken.
Epilepsy/
Seizures
Areas of the brain that have been damaged
Majority have no intellectual implications.
??????Spina Bifida Video
Things to consider• Educational considerations
– Attendance– How to accommodate– Power of knowledge!– Focus on strengths– Placement (LRE)
• Health – Treatments– Therapy
• What can you do to help?
Transition• Assess needs of the
individual– Take into account the
student’s desires– Accommodations/
Modifications needed– Strengths/Weaknesses
• Training• Living Arrangements• Services
Video of Tim from Maine. Tim - Independent Living
Assessment• Attached to the wiki is the unfinished
table. Your assignment is to complete the table using your preferred, reliable source of reference. Please be brief (bullets) and cite the source you used.
• For the Epilepsy row (two boxes), fill in the dimensions that educators should use when observing a seizure. You may use both boxes.
ReferencesFlynn, James (Producer), O’Donnell, Damien
(Director). (2005). Rory O’Shea Was Here [Motion Picture]. United States:Focus Features
Gupta, Nalin MD, PhD. (2009 February 06). What is Spina Bifida? [Video File]. Video posted to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pE22cZ-ZlCg
Hallahan, D.P., Kauffman, J.M. & Pullen, P.C., (2009). Exceptional Learners: Introduction to Special Education (11th Ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon
Tim, 2006 June, 11. Independent-living for physical disabilities in the community. Retrieved from http://vids.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=vids.individual&videoid=1350572