Physical Activity & Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes

• Type 1 Diabetes – Autoimmune illness where the body cannot produce insulin.– Insulin dependent, insulin is not present genetic,

(formerly called Childhood Onset Diabetes, and Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)

• Type 2 Diabetes – Non-insulin dependent, Insulin is present but not used properly, (formerly called Adult-Onset Diabetes, and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)

Risk Factors• Obesity• Physical Inactivity• Diet high in fat• Saturated fat• Family history• Ethnicity/Culture – African Americans, Native

Americans/American Indians (Pima Indians), and Hispanic/Latinos have higher rates of diabetes than Caucasians– Nature or Nurture?

Health Consequences• Blindness

– Damages the blood vessels in the retina– Cataracts – clouds the eye’s lens– Glaucoma – increases optic pressure – leads to nerve damage

and loss of vision – Diabetics are twice as likely to suffer from Glaucoma that adults w/o diabetes

• Kidney disease – Diabetes is the most common cause of kidney failure

• Nerve damage - unsure of the exact cause, but usually a combo of issues including:– High glucose levels, high levels of fat, smoking, alcohol use,

autoimmune issues• Cardiovascular disease - often suffer from a cluste of

hypokinetic diseases and/or poor habits (obesity, hypertension, smoking, high LDL, inactive)

Prevention and Treatment

• Type 1 – Insulin• Type 2– Physical Activity– Diet– Maintaining a healthy body weight– Medication– Insulin