Phylum protozoa - Freemicrobiology.free.fr/Presentations/L.pdf · Phylum protozoa General ......
Transcript of Phylum protozoa - Freemicrobiology.free.fr/Presentations/L.pdf · Phylum protozoa General ......
Phylum protozoaPhylum protozoa
•General characteristics:
►unicellular.
►higher protests.
►Eukaryote.
►Binary fission replication.
►Cyst formation.
►motile.
II-- Class Flagellata (mastigophora)Class Flagellata (mastigophora)
► Shape: Oval, Circle or Long
► Motion: by Flagella
► Blood flagelles of this class:
► Lieshmania, Trypanosome.
► Intestinal flagelles:
► Giardia, trichomonas intestinalis,chilomastix
► Vaginal flagelles:
► T. vaginalis
IIII-- Class Sarcodina (Rhizopoda)Class Sarcodina (Rhizopoda)
• Shape: Pleomorphic
• Movement : by pseudopodes.
• Replication: binary fission.
• Kyst formation.
• Pathogen parasite: Entamoeba histolytica.
IIIIII-- Class SporozoaClass Sporozoa
♣ Movement: unknown.
♣ Live in cell and tissue.
♣ Replication: sexual and asexual.
♣ Important genus: plasmodium, toxoplasma
isospora, cryptosporidium.
IVIV-- Class Ciliata Class Ciliata
�� Movement:Movement: by cilia.by cilia.
�� Replication:Replication: binary fission.binary fission.
�� Kyst formationKyst formation..
�� Human pathogenHuman pathogen: Balantidium coli : Balantidium coli
Class flagellata Class flagellata
�� General characteristic:General characteristic:
-- One or more flagella.One or more flagella.
-- Periplast membrane.Periplast membrane.
-- Double nucleus.Double nucleus.
-- Replication: longitudinal fission. Replication: longitudinal fission.
Classification of Flagellates by habitatClassification of Flagellates by habitat
• Blood flagellates.
• Intestinal flagellates.
• Genital flagellates.
• Tissue flagellates.
Second classificationSecond classification
�� Genus leishmania.Genus leishmania.
�� Genus trypanosoma.Genus trypanosoma.
�� Genus giardia.Genus giardia.
�� Genus chilomastix. Genus chilomastix.
�� Genus trichomonas. Genus trichomonas.
Genus - leishmania
Species - tropica
• Cutaneous leishmaniasisCutaneous leishmaniasisCutaneous leishmaniasisCutaneous leishmaniasis ....
• Forms:Forms:Forms:Forms:
• Moist form:Moist form:Moist form:Moist form: L . Tropica var major.
• Dry form :Dry form :Dry form :Dry form : L . Tropica var minor.
MORPHOLOGYMORPHOLOGY
Intracellular parasites.Intracellular parasites.
Shape:Shape: oval.oval.
Length:Length: 22--66µµ, , widewide 11--33µµ..
Amastigote and promastigote formsAmastigote and promastigote forms
Staining methodStaining method:: Giemza Giemza
Culture:Culture: growth on agar media with rabbit growth on agar media with rabbit
serum. serum.
Sensitive animalSensitive animal
�� DogDog, , ratrat, , catcat, , rabbit rabbit and and guinea pigguinea pig..
�� Source of infection:Source of infection: human and above human and above
animals.animals.
�� Transmission:Transmission: direct and indirect.direct and indirect.
�� Direct transmissionDirect transmission:: from ulcer and from ulcer and
blood transfusionblood transfusion
Geographic distributionGeographic distribution
�� Mediterranean, Africa, Italia, central Asia Mediterranean, Africa, Italia, central Asia
and medal east (Afghanistan, Pakistan, and medal east (Afghanistan, Pakistan,
Iran, ArabicaIran, Arabica……....
PATHOGENICITYPATHOGENICITY
►►Incubation periodIncubation period: 2: 2--5 months.5 months.
►►In moist formIn moist form 22--7 months.7 months.
►►Primary furunclePrimary furuncle (hand, foot, face, neck)(hand, foot, face, neck)
►►ProgressProgress to ulceration or health.to ulceration or health.
►►Duration:Duration: 6 6 –– 24 months.24 months.
►►Complications:Complications: with other microbes with other microbes
produce permanence mark ( one or more ) produce permanence mark ( one or more )
DIAGNOSISDIAGNOSIS
�� Direct diagnosis:Direct diagnosis: Giemza Giemza or or leishmanleishman
stain of stain of biopsybiopsy or fluid (amastigat form).or fluid (amastigat form).
�� CultureCulture of pus or blood.of pus or blood.
�� Montenegro testMontenegro test
�� ELISA methodELISA method
IMMUNITY
• Long term cell mediated Long term cell mediated Long term cell mediated Long term cell mediated
immunity.immunity.immunity.immunity.
Systemic and Typical treatmentSystemic and Typical treatment
�� Glucantime:Glucantime:10mg/kg w.b for 1010mg/kg w.b for 10--15 days15 days
�� Or typicallyOr typically 0.10.1--1ml tow days in a week 1ml tow days in a week
�� Pentostam:Pentostam: 20mg/kgw.b for 1020mg/kgw.b for 10--15 days 15 days
�� Typical antiseptics.Typical antiseptics.
�� mixture: mixture: Antibiotics Antibiotics
LEISHMANIA BRAZILIENSISLEISHMANIA BRAZILIENSIS
►►Morphology:Morphology:
♦♦ Amastigote and promastigote formsAmastigote and promastigote forms
♦♦ Shape:Shape: OvalOval
♦♦ Vector:Vector: mosquito (genus lutzomyia).mosquito (genus lutzomyia).
♦♦ Animal source:Animal source: small rodent animals.small rodent animals.
PathogenesisPathogenesis
�� Cases Cases Muco Cutaneous LeishmaniasisMuco Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
or or EspundiaEspundia..
♦♦ Unknown incubation period. Unknown incubation period.
♦♦ Cases Cases skin ulcerskin ulcer and than and than mouth, nosemouth, nose
and and lipslips
♦♦ Duration: Duration: 22--3 years. 3 years.
DIAGNOSISDIAGNOSIS�� Direct diagnosis:Direct diagnosis: Giemza Giemza or or leishmanleishman
stain of stain of biopsybiopsy or fluid (amastigate form).or fluid (amastigate form).
�� CultureCulture of pus or blood.of pus or blood.
�� Subcutaneous leishman testSubcutaneous leishman test with killed with killed
parasites.parasites.
TreatmentTreatment
• Similar to L. Tropica but use it for longer
time for example.
• Pentostam: 20mg/kgw.b for 30 days.
•
Leishmania donovaniLeishmania donovani
�� Morphology:Morphology: Similar to L. Tropica.Similar to L. Tropica.
Geographical distributionGeographical distribution
�� Europe , Mediterranean , central America Europe , Mediterranean , central America
Africa , Asia ( India , China , Turkmenistan ) Africa , Asia ( India , China , Turkmenistan )
SOURCE OF INFECTIONSOURCE OF INFECTION
•• Mammal animals Mammal animals
•• HumansHumans
•• Vector:Vector: mosquito (genus Phlebotomus) mosquito (genus Phlebotomus)
but in America genus lutzomyiabut in America genus lutzomyia
•• Habitat: Habitat: after skin infection enter to after skin infection enter to
blood circulation and infect RES.blood circulation and infect RES.
PATHOGENESIS
• Incubation period is 3-6 month.
• Infect RES.
• Symptoms: headache , fever , loss of Weight , Cough , anorexia anemia
Splenomegaly , Hepatomegaly ,
diarrhea , lymphodenopathy , pain in
L.H
DIAGNOSISDIAGNOSIS
�� Direct diagnosis:Direct diagnosis:
�� GiemzaGiemza or or leishmanleishman stain of stain of RES biopsyRES biopsy ( (
amastigate form )amastigate form )..
�� Thick smearThick smear of blood sample.of blood sample.
�� Indirect diagnosis:Indirect diagnosis:
�� CultureCulture in rabbit blood agar media.in rabbit blood agar media.
�� AgglutinationAgglutination of patient serum and mediaof patient serum and media