Phylum Porifera- Sponges. Among the most ancient animals Mostly marine but some fresh water ...

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Phylum Porifera- Sponges

Transcript of Phylum Porifera- Sponges. Among the most ancient animals Mostly marine but some fresh water ...

Page 1: Phylum Porifera- Sponges.  Among the most ancient animals  Mostly marine but some fresh water  Porifera- literally means “pore bearer”, which is appropriate.

Phylum Porifera- Sponges

Page 2: Phylum Porifera- Sponges.  Among the most ancient animals  Mostly marine but some fresh water  Porifera- literally means “pore bearer”, which is appropriate.

Among the most ancient animals

Mostly marine but some fresh water

Porifera- literally means “pore bearer”, which is appropriate because they have tiny openings all over their body

Once thought to be plants because they are sessile

Page 3: Phylum Porifera- Sponges.  Among the most ancient animals  Mostly marine but some fresh water  Porifera- literally means “pore bearer”, which is appropriate.

What are Sponges? Multicellular, heterotrophic animals They are very different from other

animals Scientist believe that the

evolutionary line that lead to sponges is a dead end and produced no other animals

Page 4: Phylum Porifera- Sponges.  Among the most ancient animals  Mostly marine but some fresh water  Porifera- literally means “pore bearer”, which is appropriate.

Phylum Porifera – Internal Structures

Porocytes = pore cellsChoanocyte = collar cellSpongocoel = central cavityMesohyl = jelly-like inner layer

Page 5: Phylum Porifera- Sponges.  Among the most ancient animals  Mostly marine but some fresh water  Porifera- literally means “pore bearer”, which is appropriate.

1. Body Symmetry

Asymetrical (no symmetry)

Page 6: Phylum Porifera- Sponges.  Among the most ancient animals  Mostly marine but some fresh water  Porifera- literally means “pore bearer”, which is appropriate.

2. Level of body organization

Cellular- assemblage of specialized cells

No tissues No organs

Page 7: Phylum Porifera- Sponges.  Among the most ancient animals  Mostly marine but some fresh water  Porifera- literally means “pore bearer”, which is appropriate.

3. Body Cavities/ Coeloms

Nothing that resembles a mouth or gut

Page 8: Phylum Porifera- Sponges.  Among the most ancient animals  Mostly marine but some fresh water  Porifera- literally means “pore bearer”, which is appropriate.

Feeding Filter feeders – microscopic particles

stick to collar cells and engulfed by endocytosis

Then passed on to amebocytes where it is digested and moved on to other parts of the cell

Page 9: Phylum Porifera- Sponges.  Among the most ancient animals  Mostly marine but some fresh water  Porifera- literally means “pore bearer”, which is appropriate.
Page 10: Phylum Porifera- Sponges.  Among the most ancient animals  Mostly marine but some fresh water  Porifera- literally means “pore bearer”, which is appropriate.

Respiration Water that flows through the sponge allows it to absorb oxygen and release CO2 into the water

Page 11: Phylum Porifera- Sponges.  Among the most ancient animals  Mostly marine but some fresh water  Porifera- literally means “pore bearer”, which is appropriate.

Internal Transport

Mostly done by the water that is filtered through sponges

Amebocytes

Page 12: Phylum Porifera- Sponges.  Among the most ancient animals  Mostly marine but some fresh water  Porifera- literally means “pore bearer”, which is appropriate.

Excretion

Metabolic waste is also carried away by the water that is moved through the sponge

Page 13: Phylum Porifera- Sponges.  Among the most ancient animals  Mostly marine but some fresh water  Porifera- literally means “pore bearer”, which is appropriate.

Response

No nerve system Do not respond to stimuli

Page 14: Phylum Porifera- Sponges.  Among the most ancient animals  Mostly marine but some fresh water  Porifera- literally means “pore bearer”, which is appropriate.

Movement

Sessile Attached to the

substrate

Page 15: Phylum Porifera- Sponges.  Among the most ancient animals  Mostly marine but some fresh water  Porifera- literally means “pore bearer”, which is appropriate.

Reproduction

Reproduce asexually and sexually Formation of gemmules

Page 16: Phylum Porifera- Sponges.  Among the most ancient animals  Mostly marine but some fresh water  Porifera- literally means “pore bearer”, which is appropriate.

Asexual Reproduce by budding (really it is

fragmentation) - part of the sponge simply falls off the parent and grows into a new sponge

Page 17: Phylum Porifera- Sponges.  Among the most ancient animals  Mostly marine but some fresh water  Porifera- literally means “pore bearer”, which is appropriate.

Gemmule Formation When faced with cold

winters gemmules are formed

Sphere shaped collections of amebocytes surrounded by a tough layer of spicules that can survive cold temperatures and drought

Reform into a sponge when conditions are favourable

Page 18: Phylum Porifera- Sponges.  Among the most ancient animals  Mostly marine but some fresh water  Porifera- literally means “pore bearer”, which is appropriate.

Sexual

Sperm are released into the water via the osculum

Amebocytes collect the incoming sperm and deliver it to the eggs in the body wall

Creates a zygote Develops into a larvae that swims

and is carried away by water Later settle down and create a new

sponge

Page 19: Phylum Porifera- Sponges.  Among the most ancient animals  Mostly marine but some fresh water  Porifera- literally means “pore bearer”, which is appropriate.

Boring Sponges

Clean up the ocean floor

Page 20: Phylum Porifera- Sponges.  Among the most ancient animals  Mostly marine but some fresh water  Porifera- literally means “pore bearer”, which is appropriate.

Symbiotic relationships

Blue-green algae

Plant like protists

Provide oxygen to the sponge and clean up waste

Page 21: Phylum Porifera- Sponges.  Among the most ancient animals  Mostly marine but some fresh water  Porifera- literally means “pore bearer”, which is appropriate.

Human Use Cleaned dried sponges

can be used for bathing A compound in a

Caribbean sponge may be useful against leukemia and the herpes virus

May be the answer to powerful antibiotics

Can possibly fight against certain forms of arthritis