PHYLUM CHORDATA SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATA A SURVEY OF DIVERSITY BIO 122: Zoology Part 3 Mammals.
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Transcript of PHYLUM CHORDATA SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATA A SURVEY OF DIVERSITY BIO 122: Zoology Part 3 Mammals.
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PHYLUM CHORDATASUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATAA SURVEY OF DIVERSITY
BIO 122: ZoologyPart 3
Mammals
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CLASS MAMMALIA
Mammals Dermal covering of hair on most internal fertilization & development 4-chambered heart
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CLASS MAMMALIA
Additional characteristics: integument with sweat, scent & mammary
glands diphyodont teeth (milk & permanent) movable eyelids & fleshy ears endothermic (heat from own metabolism) homeothermic
(maintain body temperature = warm blooded)
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CLASS MAMMALIA
Dermal coverings (all have a hair or it's derivative):
Pelage (fur)a) dense & short hair - for insulation (can be shed)b) coarse longer hair - for protection & coloration
Vibrissae (whiskers) - sensory hairs Nails, claws & hooves - very dense on
appendage tips
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CLASS MAMMALIA
Variation of appendages: tetrapods terrestrial - 4 legs aquatic with modified to fins bats with webbings on front appendages –
wings 2 legs & 2 arms - can walk erect
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CLASS MAMMALIA
Reproductive patterns: 3 Infraclasses Monotremes
duck-billed platypus & echidnaegg-laying, hatch early & feed off mothers milk
Marsupials kangaroo, opossumshort development in uterus, birth, long lactation
Placentals cat, dog, humanlong development in uterus, birth, short lactation
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INFRACLASS ORNITHODELPHIA
Monotremes – egg-laying mammals embryos develop for 10-12 day in uterus leathery shell is secretes around embryo eggs hatch in 10-14 days young obtain milk from mother, but no
nipples are presentInclude:
duck-billed platypus, echidnas (spiny anteater)
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INFRACLASS ORNITHODELPHIA
Duck-billed platypus (l), Echidna (r)
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INFRACLASS METATHERIAINFRACLASS METATHERIA
Marsupials – pouched mammals the developing embryos do not implant in
the uterus cause development of shallow depressions
in uterine wall absorb nutrients through a vascularized
yolk sac gestation (time in uterus) is short followed by a prolonged
development in a sac where they lactate for a long time
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INFRACLASS METATHERIAINFRACLASS METATHERIA
Marsupials: Numerous animals in this group, including four orders.
opossums (80+ species) – Americas marsupial mice – Australia & Tasmania bandicoots – Australia & Tasmania koalas, wallabies, kangaroos –
Australia to East Indies
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Tasmanian devil (l) & numbat (r)
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Bandicoot …
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Koala …
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Sugar glider …
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Wallaby (l) & Kangaroo (r)
Wallaby is smaller
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Red Kangaroo …
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INFRACLASS EUTHERIA
Placentals - viviparous mammals embryos do implant in uterus for a
prolonged period a placenta develops for embryo
attachment in the uterus gestation time varies (from 21 days in
rabbits to 22 months in elephants)
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INFRACLASS EUTHERIA
The Placentals have been divided into a number of Orders based on:
1. Skull and snout shape2. Dental formula
(incisors, canines, premolars and molars)3. Limbs (size & shape)4. Number digits on appendages5. Claws, nails on appendages
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ORDERS OF PLACENTALS
Shrews and moles small body elongate snout limbs pentadactyl teeth primitive (not very complex)
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Shrews and moles …
Shrews – long tail, visible ears, small feet Moles – short tail, obscure ears, large front
feet
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ORDERS OF PLACENTALS
Bats Wings with limb bones greatly elongated claws on only first two digits of front limbs hind legs pentadactyl use of echolocation
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Bats …
Evening bat
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Bats …
Rafinesque’s Bat (l) Eastern Red Bat (r)
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ORDERS OF PLACENTALS
Primates (lemurs, monkeys & humans) enlarged cerebral hemispheres limbs with ball & socket articulation pentadactyl digits
(opposable thumb)
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Primates …
Spider monkey
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ORDERS OF PLACENTALS
Edentates (anteaters, armadillos & sloths) At least some front claws enlarged
(for digging or hanging) teeth reduced (peg-like)
or absent
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Nine-banded armadillo
Yes, road kill
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Three-toed sloth …
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ORDERS OF PLACENTALS
Rabbits & hares tail short or vestigial ears medium to large 4 upper incisors
(front teeth for biting)
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Rabbits …
Cottontail (l) & swamp rabbit (r) - notice ear size
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ORDERS OF PLACENTALS
Rodents (mice, rats, beavers, squirrels) 2 upper incisors which permanently grow canine teeth missing
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Mice and rats …
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Beaver …
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Squirrels …
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ORDERS OF PLACENTALS
Carnivores (dogs, wolves, fox, bears, raccoons)
at least four clawed toes on each foot incisors small, canines large
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Gray wolf …
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Red fox …
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Brown bear …
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Cheetah …
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Tigers …
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Raccoon …
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ORDERS OF PLACENTALS
Elephants long trunk (proboscis) ears very large long incisors (tusks)
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ORDERS OF PLACENTALS
Perissodactyls (horses, zebras, rhinoceros) foot ending on third digit (hooves) odd-toed mammals head elongate ears moderate & tubular
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Horses …
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Burchell’s (Plains) Zebra …
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Rhinoceros …
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ORDERS OF PLACENTALS
Artiodacytls (cows, goats, deer, hippos) Hooves (commonly 2) even-toed mammals upper incisors reduced
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Cows & goats …
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Whitetail deer …
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Hippopotamus …
26-JUN-2005
Joey Cha
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ORDERS OF PLACENTALS
Dolphins, porpoises & whales aquatic with fins (hind appendages
lacking) skin essentially lacking hair external ears lacking blowhole
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Dolphin …
Porpoises lack distinct beak
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Humpback whale …
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