Phylum Phylum ChordataChordata

Chapter 14 - 3Chapter 14 - 3Reptiles & AmphibiansReptiles & Amphibians

AmphibiansAmphibians Frogs, toads, newts and salamandersFrogs, toads, newts and salamanders Both aquatic & terrestrial – Both aquatic & terrestrial – Gills & lungs Gills & lungs used for respirationused for respiration

Gas exchange also through the skinGas exchange also through the skin Eggs are soft, jelly-like Eggs are soft, jelly-like most must return to water to breedmost must return to water to breed Cold-bloodedCold-blooded Keystone species – populations are dropping drastically due to Keystone species – populations are dropping drastically due to

environmental pollutantsenvironmental pollutants Some w/ unique ability among vertebrates to regenerate limbsSome w/ unique ability among vertebrates to regenerate limbs Order Order Anura Anura (“ (“anan” without, “” without, “ouraoura” tail (greek) )– ” tail (greek) )– Frogs & ToadsFrogs & Toads Order Order CaudataCaudata – (“tail” latin) – (“tail” latin) Newts & SalamandersNewts & Salamanders

Order Order AnuraAnura ““AnAn” without, “” without, “ouraoura” tail (greek) ” tail (greek) Frogs & ToadsFrogs & Toads No true scientific distinction between frogs & toads; however,No true scientific distinction between frogs & toads; however,

ToadsToads are generally considered are generally considered more terrestrial more terrestrial w/ w/ rough warty skinrough warty skin FrogsFrogs generally are generally are more aquatic more aquatic w/ w/ smooth thin skin smooth thin skin that is highly that is highly

vascular (lots of blood vessels) used to assist in respiratory gas vascular (lots of blood vessels) used to assist in respiratory gas exchangeexchange

Lack tailsLack tails as adults but during juvenile “tadpole” stage tails are as adults but during juvenile “tadpole” stage tails are presentpresent

Adults are predatory, juveniles are vegetariansAdults are predatory, juveniles are vegetarians External fertilizationExternal fertilization

Frog Anatomy - SkeletalFrog Anatomy - Skeletal

Frog Anatomy - Internal Frog Anatomy - Internal

Frog Anatomy - Internal Frog Anatomy - Internal Circulatory & Excretory SystemsCirculatory & Excretory Systems

Frog Anatomy - Nervous Frog Anatomy - Nervous

Order Order CaudataCaudata Newts & SalamandersNewts & Salamanders Most have Most have tailstails Most are 8 to 20 cm, Giant Japanese Salamander 5 feet Most are 8 to 20 cm, Giant Japanese Salamander 5 feet

long!long! Predatory and feed on bugs, worms and small fishPredatory and feed on bugs, worms and small fish No real scientific distinction between newts & No real scientific distinction between newts &

salamanders (same order) ; however, salamanders (same order) ; however, SalamandersSalamanders are generally are generally smooth skinned smooth skinned and can be and can be more more

terrestrialterrestrial Newts Newts are generally warty rough skin, smaller and more “are generally warty rough skin, smaller and more “full-time” full-time”

aquaticaquatic

ReptilesReptiles Crocodiles, Alligators, Turtles, Tortoises, lizards and snakesCrocodiles, Alligators, Turtles, Tortoises, lizards and snakes Well adapted to life on landWell adapted to life on land Don’t need to return to water to breedDon’t need to return to water to breed Leathery shelled eggs or live birthLeathery shelled eggs or live birth Internal fertilizationInternal fertilization Well developed lungs with a protective rib cageWell developed lungs with a protective rib cage No metamorphosis of juveniles to adults like amphibiansNo metamorphosis of juveniles to adults like amphibians Order Squamates Order Squamates – Snakes & Lizards– Snakes & Lizards

( Latin ( Latin squama squama for scalefor scale ) ) Order Order CrocodyliaCrocodylia - Crocodilians, - Crocodilians, Order Order Chelonia Chelonia - - Turtles &TortoisesTurtles &Tortoises

Order Order SquamatesSquamates Snakes & LizardsSnakes & Lizards Lizards with movable eyelids snakes withoutLizards with movable eyelids snakes without Shed skin for growthShed skin for growth Thick protective overlapping scalesThick protective overlapping scales Legless lizards and snakes with legs are present! Legless lizards and snakes with legs are present! Largest lizard: Largest lizard: Komodo DragonKomodo Dragon Largest Heaviest snake: Largest Heaviest snake: AnacondaAnaconda Lizards generally are not poisonous except: Lizards generally are not poisonous except:

Gila Monster & Beaded LizardGila Monster & Beaded Lizard

2500 species of snakes only 200 are poisonous2500 species of snakes only 200 are poisonous

Order Order CrocodyliaCrocodylia The Crocodilians: Alligators & Crocodiles, Gharials & CaimanThe Crocodilians: Alligators & Crocodiles, Gharials & Caiman Largest living reptiles > 7 metersLargest living reptiles > 7 meters Alligators w/ broad wide rounded snout, and lower teeth are generally Alligators w/ broad wide rounded snout, and lower teeth are generally

hidden when mouth is closedhidden when mouth is closed Crocodiles have pointed snout & both lower & upper teeth exposed when Crocodiles have pointed snout & both lower & upper teeth exposed when

jaw is shut.jaw is shut. Female protective of the nest & offspring Female protective of the nest & offspring Cold blooded Cold blooded

Gharial CaimanCrocodileAlligator

Order Order Chelonia Chelonia Turtles, Tortoises & TerrapinsTurtles, Tortoises & Terrapins Shells are boney developments from ribs with bone plates called Shells are boney developments from ribs with bone plates called

scutesscutes Top shell – Top shell – carapacecarapace Bottom shell - Bottom shell - plastronplastron

No real scientific distinction between turtles & tortoises; No real scientific distinction between turtles & tortoises; however, generally speaking:however, generally speaking: TurtlesTurtles are more aquatic, usually have webbed feet, live in or near the water, are more aquatic, usually have webbed feet, live in or near the water,

often predator often predator TortoisesTortoises are usually more terrestrial, feet adapted (round & stumpy) for are usually more terrestrial, feet adapted (round & stumpy) for

walking on land, found in warm even arid (deserts) dig burrows to escape walking on land, found in warm even arid (deserts) dig burrows to escape heat, usually strict vegetariansheat, usually strict vegetarians

TerrapinTerrapin are kind of “mixture” of turtles & tortoises live on both land & are kind of “mixture” of turtles & tortoises live on both land & comfortable in the watercomfortable in the water

Terrapin

Crikey, mate…. I think Crikey, mate…. I think we’re all done withwe’re all done with

reptiles & amphibians reptiles & amphibians