PhrasesPhrases

A quick review… if you really don’t A quick review… if you really don’t remember any of this, please see remember any of this, please see me for individual help. me for individual help.

PHRASES

Prepositional

Verbal

ADJADV

Appositives

Gerunds

Participial

Infinitive

Past Present

Prepositional PhrasesPrepositional Phrases

Consists of a preposition, its object and any words that Consists of a preposition, its object and any words that modify the objectmodify the object Prepositions = anywhere a mouse can go or an eagle can flyPrepositions = anywhere a mouse can go or an eagle can fly

AboutAbout beforebefore duringduring offoff towardtoward AboveAbove behindbehind exceptexcept onon underunder AcrossAcross belowbelow forfor outout underneathunderneath AfterAfter beneathbeneath fromfrom outsideoutside untiluntil AgainstAgainst besidebeside inin overover untounto AlongAlong betweenbetween insideinside pastpast upup AtAt ofof toto with (within, without)with (within, without) AroundAround butbut likelike intointo uponupon AsAs byby nearnear throughoutthroughout

The object of a preposition is always a The object of a preposition is always a nounnoun Ex: Basketball was first played Ex: Basketball was first played withwith real real

baskets.baskets. Preposition: withPreposition: with Object: basketsObject: baskets Phrase: with real basketsPhrase: with real baskets

Prep phrases can be used as either Prep phrases can be used as either adjectives or adverbs.adjectives or adverbs. Adjectives modify nouns or pronounsAdjectives modify nouns or pronouns Adjectives tell you what kind, how many, Adjectives tell you what kind, how many,

which one, or how muchwhich one, or how much Ex: The original rules of the game were written in Ex: The original rules of the game were written in

19821982

Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbsadverbs

Adverbs (party invitations) tell you why, how, Adverbs (party invitations) tell you why, how, where, when, or to what extent. where, when, or to what extent. Early hoops were constructed of peach basketsEarly hoops were constructed of peach baskets

Appositive PhrasesAppositive Phrases

A noun or pronoun that renames another A noun or pronoun that renames another noun or pronoun.noun or pronoun.

The phrase is that noun and all of its The phrase is that noun and all of its modifiersmodifiers

Be careful: appositive phrases DO NOT Be careful: appositive phrases DO NOT HAVE VERBS- then it’s a clause!HAVE VERBS- then it’s a clause!

Two Types of AppositivesTwo Types of Appositives Non-Essential: adds extra informationNon-Essential: adds extra information

Set off by commasSet off by commas Ex: Luke Skywalker, my hero, carries a blue Ex: Luke Skywalker, my hero, carries a blue

lightsaber during the first two movies.lightsaber during the first two movies. His name is more specific than his status in my life, so you His name is more specific than his status in my life, so you

don’t don’t needneed to know the status to know the status

Essential: needed to make meaning of Essential: needed to make meaning of sentence completesentence complete No commasNo commas

Ex: The movie Ex: The movie Star Wars Star Wars is a classic that you should is a classic that you should all see and memorize. all see and memorize.

Lots of movies on a shelf - which one’s a classic?Lots of movies on a shelf - which one’s a classic?

Infinitive PhrasesInfinitive Phrases

A type of verbal phraseA type of verbal phrase It’s a word that usually is used as a verb It’s a word that usually is used as a verb

that’s being used in another waythat’s being used in another way Infinitives ALWAYS begin with “to”Infinitives ALWAYS begin with “to”

Be Careful! “to” is ALSO a preposition. Be Careful! “to” is ALSO a preposition. An infinitive will have a verb following An infinitive will have a verb following “to”, while a prep phrase will not. “to”, while a prep phrase will not.

Infinitive or Preposition?Infinitive or Preposition?

My goal is to work out everyday.My goal is to work out everyday. I must submit the paper to the teacher.I must submit the paper to the teacher. To draw the picture, I needed a pencil.To draw the picture, I needed a pencil. I needed a pencil, so I went to the store.I needed a pencil, so I went to the store.

ALWAYS note the word following “to” and ALWAYS note the word following “to” and make sure you have correctly identified make sure you have correctly identified the phrase. the phrase.

Any questions?Any questions?

Tonight’s homework: Mixed review Tonight’s homework: Mixed review worksheet. worksheet.

Please, please see me if you don’t Please, please see me if you don’t remember this. It will continue to be a remember this. It will continue to be a problem for you for the rest of the problem for you for the rest of the semester. semester.