Phrase: Group of words lacking a subject and / or verb.
Transcript of Phrase: Group of words lacking a subject and / or verb.
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Phrase: Group of words lacking a subject and / or verb
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Clause: Group of words with both a subject and verb.
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A sentence consists of two parts: the SUBJECT and the
PREDICATE.
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The subject tells whom or what the sentence is about. The
predicate tells something about the subject
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Examples:
Subject PredicateWater spilled.Dina bought the salad.
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The simple subject is the main word or group of words that tells
whom or what the sentence is about
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Examples:
The television is broken again.
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Examples:
The television is broken again.
Who was the performer in that concert?
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Examples:
The television is broken again.
Who was the performer in that concert?
Walking to his car, Antonio whistled his favorite song.
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The simple predicate is the verb or verb phrase that tells
something about the subject.
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Examples:
Pauline was restless and bored.
Did Omar memorize his lines for the show?
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Recognizing complete sentences and independent clauses (clause with a subject and predicate) will
help combat comma errors.
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Commas are used in sentences on paper the same way that pauses are used in speech—to clarify
and convey meaning.
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An effective way to determine natural pauses is to read the
sentence out loud.
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There are many more specific rules as well. Here is a list of
common comma rules to follow.
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1.Put commas after
introductory elements coming before the main
sentence.
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1. a. Put commas after
introductory adverb clauses.
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1. a. Put commas after
introductory adverb clauses.
These clauses begin with words like while, when, but, although, and like, among
others.
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Examples:When I ride my bike, I never fall
down.
Although the vote was a close one, Kennedy beat Nixon.
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1. b.Put commas after
introductory –ing phrases.
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Examples:Foaming and splashing, the water
crashed against the rocks.
Running too fast, I slipped on the ice.
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1.c.Put commas after introductory
prepositional phrases.
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Examples: Without further ado, here is the
Heisman Award winner.In today’s society, money is the
ultimate goal for many.
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1.d.Put commas after introductory
infinitive phrases. Infinitives are the word “to” + a verb.
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Examples:To vote in America, a person
must be 18.To be successful, you must have
an education.
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1.e.Put commas after other
introductory phrases or words that could be misread or
misunderstood.
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Examples:However people do have successes
without education.
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Examples:However people do have successes
without education.
However, people do have successes without education.
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Examples:Beyond the stars flashed in the dark
space.
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Examples:Beyond the stars flashed in the dark
space.
Beyond, the stars flashed in the dark space.
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Examples:Yes he has made his choice.
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Examples:Yes he has made his choice.
Yes, he has made his choice.
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2.Put commas before these 7
conjunctions when they connect two full sentences: AND, BUT,
OR, NOR, FOR, SO, YET.
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Examples:I tried to run, but I kept falling
down.
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Examples:I tried to run, but I kept falling
down.I tried to run but fell down
repeatedly.
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Examples:The president is the leader, so he
makes the final decisions
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Examples:The president is the leader, so he
makes the final decisionsThe president is the leader and
makes the final decisions.
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3.Put commas between words in a
series of three or more.
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Example:Some basic parts of speech are
nouns, verbs, adverbs, and prepositions.
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4.Put commas around words or
phrases that interrupt sentences.
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Examples:The man, however, was not fooled
by the trick.The water, dashing against the rocks, foamed and splashed.
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5.Use commas to set off non-restrictive
elements and other parenthetical elements.
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5.A non-restrictive modifier is a phrase or
clause that does not restrict or limit the meaning of the word it is modifying.
(Even though removing the non-restrictive
element would result in some loss of meaning, the sentence would still make sense without it.)
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5.You should usually set off non-restrictive
elements with commas:
-Dr. Forester, who teaches chemistry, will retire next year.
-The getaway vehicle, which was pock-marked with rust, was parked in the
driveway.
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6.Commas are used in certain
conventional places.
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a.With numbers: St. Cloud has a population of 45,000.
b.With dates: Iraq invaded Kuwait on August 2, 1990.
c.With addresses: John lives at 434 Court Ave., Delbert, ND, 55555.
d.With titles and degrees: My teacher is Jim James, Ph.D.
e.With direct quotations: Mary said, "How are you?"
"Strangely enough," he said, "I am fine.”