Guru Nanak Dev Engg College Ludhiana

|| Punjab Technical UniversityPROJECT REPORTONHOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONPROJECT GUIDE :-SUBMITTED BY:-

CERTIFICATEThis is to certify that this project entitled Computer Accessories submitted to ABC University, City in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Computer Applications is a bonafide work carried out by (xyz name) under my supervision and no part of this work has been submitted for any other degree. The assistance and help received during the course of work has been fully acknowledged.

Project Guide

STUDENT DECLARATIONWe her by declare that the project entitled Computer Accessories submitted by (xyz name )in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Computer Applications (Session: year) is our original work and has not been submitted for the reward of any other degree/ diploma/ scholarship or any other title or prize.

Place: LudhianaDate:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Accomplishing this task would not have been possible without the support of a number of people. First and foremost we would like to thank the Almighty for giving us courage to bring up this project successfully.

At the outset, we would like to propose a word of thanks to Mr. ABC teacher name who gave us unending support and help in numerous ways from the time when the idea of this project was conceived. We will also like to pay a special thanks to our family members for their unending co-operation and emotional support. Last but not the least a word of gratitude to all our friends and classmates.

(xyz student name)

PREFACEThe preface of creation is a long process requiring time, energy and dedication, as well as the skill and experience of all those persons engaged in tasks, ultimately culminating in the outcome as the final form of embodiment of the creators vision. The process of System Analysis and Design is analogous to the above fact. Here, the process of creation began long before the first line of the program code for the new system is written, when the existing system is systematically evaluated, analyzed, planned, properly described and documented, criticized and appropriate modifications are suggested. The facts and findings thus obtained are then synthesized as the new system I in the designing phase. The theoretical study and knowledge of this practice oriented subject is further enhanced by applying it and understanding analysis and design of real life installation of automated system, provided valuable hand practical experience to the students. Our contemporary lives have been influenced by advancement in computer science to such an extent that without them, the ultra modern and advanced lifestyle of the 21st century is simply unthinkable.Computerization introduces accuracy, efficiency, integrity etc., and reduces paper work, errors and time demands. The initial investment is in the form of cost of computerization and justified in long run.

TABLE OF CONTENTSS.No.Topic

1. Introduction

2. System Requirement Specification

3. System Analysis

4. System Design

5. Data Flow Diagram

6. System Testing

7. Snapshots & Coding

8. Conclusion

9. Bibliography

PROJECT REVIEWIn todays modern world technology plays important role in our life. And especially in companies and firms where people dont have much time, they want their work to be done faster so that their workload can be reduced. There are persons who are not able to finish their work in due course of time, they generally suffer from depression. Every person also has different capabilities to do the work. Moreover in IT sector in India the large number of people suffers from diseases due to mental tension and stress due to heavy workload. And people dont have much time to spend on work which can be done in a short time with the help of some tool. And those peoples can also have an opportunity of earning money by sitting home with the help of some tools. Why was there need of system: An Individual sitting home aside find himself difficult to earn money. He/she have to give full time attentions to their work. There was no teamwork in Network Marketing. In traditional network marketing models, compensation is a result of individual efforts, as one was gaining more profit and others were sitting idle. Distributors participating in a binary network have the potential to make as much, or as little money as they are willing to work for. It was very difficult to keep records of all the persons working for the company.. Sometimes there was need of some privacy in messages with this it is quite possible.

Objectives of Binary Networking Website: Multi Level Marketing(MLM) Plans : - Binary Network marketing has been a form of multi-level business plans. Like traditional network marketing models, the compensation plan is based on the sales of a product or service plus commissions based on the recruitment of new salespeople into the company. Fully Teamwork System : -Binary network marketing succeeds because of teamwork. When everyone in the network is all working together to ensure high productivity, everyone benefits. Conversely, when one arm of the team is slacking, everyone suffers. A binary team can only succeed if everyone is pulling his or her own weight. Cost Effectiveness: -As persons seem to be located in different areas of the world so our system is designed to bring all the employees and business related information together on one centralized online place providing the business with a flexible and cost effective platform for controlling project tasks. Security: -Only the authorized user can access the valuable data by entering their username/ member ID and password.

OBJECTIVES OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEMThe development of the proposed system is done keeping in view the problems in the existing system. The proposed system will not only overcome the limitations of the present system but will also provide the following characteristics.1) Proposed system has fully automatedbinary networking system that performs peripheral tasks like binary tree. Distributor of a company recruits two new people into their network. Those two people recruit two people, and those four recruit eight, and so on.2) This system will alerts the employees if any task slips past its due date. It will also keep track of the time devoted by each employee on the work and day-to- day activities are reported.3) It manages communication among clients and maintains detailed online records regarding the various processes of the company and employees.4) This system can be used by team members spread all over the world so it becomes very easy for administrator to keep in touch with his clients even if he is not at his place.5) As clients seem to be located in different areas of the world so our system is designed to bring all the clients information together on one centralized online place providing the business with a flexible and cost effective platform for controlling .6) This system prepares and keeps track of invoices quickly and accurately.

COMPANY PROFILEMicro-Chip Computers is one of the acknowledged names in Software development and training. Apart from providing software solutions to the various companies, Micro-Chip Computers is also involved in imparting high-end project based training to students of MCA, B.Tech and IT professionals of various institutes and colleges. The training professionals are basically software developers having industrial experience and exposure to live projects on various technologies like ASP.Net, VB.Net, C#, PHP, Oracle and etc. Special emphasis is laid on exposure to real time projects.We are dealing in following products:- Software Development Web Site Designing & Development e-Commerce Applications Search Engine Optimization Internet Marketing Domain & Web Hosting Business Intelligence IPR Services Recruitment and Executive Search

At the heart of their work lies the fundamental belief that a company's most important capital asset is the collective brain power, creativity and commitment of its work force and that this asset can be significantly leveraged when people are provided with the appropriate setting, systems, tools and techniques to think (and act) out of the box. We are executive search and Recruitment Company. Our specialization is in understanding company needs, and providing clients with best product.Our mission is to recruit responsible people in respect of vacancy and company needs. Today's highly competitive world requires experienced, skilled and hardworking professionals to get an edge in the rat race. We partner you in this Endeavour for providing professionals.

It also help in Recruitment of IT, Engineering, Finance, HR & Admin and Sales & Marketing professionals. Recruitment also includes screening, conducting technical interviews, and aptitude tests if necessary. Our Endeavour is to partner you in hiring the best Talent. Vision: To build the most valuable knowledge-based enterprise in which wecan all take great pride.Mission: Our mission is simple. We are here to deliver the highest level of customer satisfaction and value. A good and healthy work environment for professionals, where ideas become reality.The trainees are equipped with intense knowledge of various modules from basics to advance in the software involved in their projects. The skills of the trainees are sharpened to their best. In short the very purpose of providing the industrial training is to familiarize the trainees with the software industry environment of leading companies.Feasibility StudyA feasibility study is a test of a system proposal according to its workability impact on organization, ability to meet user needs and effective use of resources. The objective of a feasibility study is not to solve a problem but to acquire a sense of its scope. During the study, the problem definition is crystallized and the aspects of the problem to be included in the system are determined.After the initial investigation detailed feasibility study is done. A feasibility study is a test of a system proposal according to its workability to meet user needs, and effective use of resources. It focuses on three major questions: What are the user demonstrable needs and how does a candidate system meet them? What resources are available for given candidate systems? Is problem worth Solving? What is likely impact of the candidate system on the organization? Is there a new and better way to do the job that will benefit the user? What are the cost and savings of the alternatives?Each of the questions is answered carefully. They revolve around investigation and evaluation of the problem, identification and description of the candidate systems, specification of performance and cost of each system, and final selection of the best system. The objective of feasibility study is not to solve the problem but to acquire a sense of scope. During the study the problem definition has been crystallized and the aspects of the problem to be included in the system are determined accurately. Also the cost/benefits are determined accurately at this stage. It is a formal proposal with the following features: Statement of the problem Summary of findings & recommendations Details of findings Recommendations & conclusionsAfter the initial investigation of the system that helped to have in-depth study of the existing system and understanding its strength and weaknesses and the required from the new proposes system, a feasibility study was done in three phases documented below.

Behavioral FeasibilityPeople are inherently resistant to change and computers have been known to facilitate change. There is always some reluctance among the users against the introduction of new system but they were told that this system would eliminate the unnecessary overhead of database migration and conversion, which presently had to be carried out on daily basis to facilitate transactions between the different departments. The objective this feasibility phase is to take the operational staff into confidence. As the success of a good system depends upon the willingness of the operating staff, they were taken into full confidence that the new proposed system would make their jobs easier, relieve them from the unnecessary overheads and reduce the possibility of errors creeping into the system. They were also educated about the benefits of the new proposed system. So they really started looking forward to this new system and hence provided full cooperation in the development of the system.

Economic FeasibilityEconomic feasibility is the most frequently used method for evaluating the effectiveness of the candidate system. More commonly known as cost\benefit analysis, the procedure is to determine the benefits and savings that are expected from a candidate system and compare them with the costs. If benefits outweigh the costs, then the decision is made to design and implement the system. A cost\benefit analysis was done for the proposed system to evaluate whether it would be b economically viable or not. The organization has in store many machines with high processing power necessary to implement the system. Also the organization has necessary software i.e. visual studio2008, asp.net.4, mysql or hardware to support the system. Considering the programmer time and the negligible hardware/software cost required for developing the system, it was found that the benefits in terms of reduced overhead as a result of elimination of the requirement of database migration and conversion was more than the cost.Technical FeasibilityTechnical feasibility centers on the existing computer system. (Hardware/software) and to what extent it can support the proposed addition also the organization already has sufficient high-end machines to serve the processing requirements of the proposed system. So there is no need to purchase new software as the organization has necessary software i.e. visual studio2008, asp.net.4, mysql or hardware to support the proposed system. Having gone through the steps of the overall analysis and feasibility study the next step was to carry out a detailed system analysis. The project analysis phase was conducted to learn about the proposed system, to study the problems and finally select a system that would take care of the problems identified in the working of the present system.

SYSTEM REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

5.1 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATIONA software requirements specification (SRS) is a complete description of the behavior of thesystem to be developed. It includes a set of use cases that describe all of the interactions that the users will have with the software. Use cases are also known as functional requirements.The hardest part of building a software system is deciding precisely what to build. When wereceive a request for a new software project from the customer, first of all, we would like tounderstand the project. The primary goal is to understand the requirements of the customer and document them properly. A requirement is a feature of the system or a description of something the system is capable of doing in order to fulfill the systems purpose. No other part of the conceptual work is so difficult as establishing the detailed technical requirements.Requirement documentation is very important activity after the requirement elicitation andanalysis. Requirement document is called Software Requirement Specification (SRS). It serves a number of purposes depending on who is writing it. First, the customer of a system could write the SRS. Second, a developer of the system could write the SRS. This reduces the probability of the customer being disappointed with the final product.The introduction to software requirements specification states the goals and objectives of the software, describing it in the context of the computer based system. The Information Description provides a detailed description of the problem that the software must solve. Information content, flow and structure are documented. A description of each function required to solve the problem is presented in the Functional Description.5.1.1 PURPOSE OF SRSThis specification document describes the capabilities that will be provided by this project. It also states the various required constraints by which the system will abide. The intended audiences for this document are the development team, testing and end users of the product. The primary purpose of the project is to gauge the status of the various documents easily and quickly that are used for quality assurance. It also provides a single-click, easy to use integrated collection of all the documents, forms and sub-forms used by the quality group of an organization. Software requirement specification can be used for different purpose. Here are the major uses.

(A) Statement of user needsA main purpose of the product specification is to define the need of the products user. Sometimes, the specification may be a part of a contract sign between the producer and the user. It could also form part of the user manuals. A users needs are sometimes not clearly understood by the developer. If this is the case, a careful analysis involving much interaction with the user should be devoted to reaching a clear statement of requirements, in order to avoid possible misunderstandings.Sometimes, at the beginning of a project, even the user has no clear idea of what exactly the desired product is. Think for instance of user interface , a user with no previous experience with computer products may not appreciate the difference between , say menu driven interaction and a command line interface. Even an exact formation of system functions and performance may be missing an initial description produced by an inexperienced user.(B) A statement of the requirements for the implementation:Specifications are also used as a reference point during product implementation. In fact, the ultimate goal of the implementation is to build a product that needs specification. Thus the implementers use specifications during design to make design decisions and during the verification activity to check that the implementation compiles with specifications.5.1.2 SCOPE OF SRS To generate status of all those documents which are highly used for organizations

To establish an integrated structure that meets the requirements for adopting process improvements and accuracy. To collect and evaluate process performance data from the projects. To collect information about status of various forms.5.2 METHODOLOGY ADOPTEDModels used for system development in project Computer Accessories is Prototyping. Descriptions of these models are as following-PROTOTYPING MODEL Prototyping is the process of building a model of a system. In terms of an information system, Prototypes are employed to help system designers build an information system that intuitive and easy to manipulate for end users. Prototyping is an iterative process that is part of the analysis phase of the systems development life cycle.During the requirements determination portion of the systems analysis phase, system analysts gather information about the organization's current procedures and business processes related the proposed information system. In addition, they study the current information system, if there is one, and conduct user interviews and collect documentation. This helps the analysts develop an initial set of system requirements. The prototyping model is a software development process that begins with requirements collection, followed by prototyping and user evaluation.Some Advantages of Prototyping: Reduces development time. Reduces development costs. Requires user involvement. Developers receive quantifiable user feedback. Facilitates system implementation since users know what to expect. Results in higher user satisfaction. Exposes developers to potential future system enhancements.

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE TO BE USEDThe system must have the following hardware requirements: Pentium IV Processors 1GB of RAM 5GB of Hard Disk One SQL based server Client Machine One domain name space to implement Web based servicesThe system must have the following software requirements: Operating system Windows XP etc.

Frontend tool Microsoft Dream Viewer

Technology PHP

Backend toolMy SQL server 2005

Language usedPHP (Hypertext Preprocessor)PHP stands for Hypertext Preprocessor and is a server-side language. This means that when a visitor opens the page, the server processes the PHP commands and then sends the results to the visitor's browser, just as with ASP. A typical PHP files will content commands to be executed in the server in addition to the usual mixture of text and HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) tags. However, PHP is Open Source and cross-platform. PHP runs on Windows NT and many Unix versions, and it can be built as an Apache module and as a binary that can run as a CGI.

When you type an URL in the Address box or click a link on a Web page, you're asking a Web server on a computer somewhere to send a file to the Web browser on your computer. If that file is a normal HTML file, it looks exactly the same when your Web browser receives it as it did before the Web server sent it. After receiving the file, your Web browser displays its contents as a combination of text, images, and sounds. In the case of a PHP page, the process is similar, except there's an extra processing step that takes place just before the Web server sends the file. Before the Web server sends the PHP file to the Web browser, it runs all server-side scripts contained in the page. PHP SyntaxPHP's language syntax is similar to C's and Perl's. You don't have to declare variables before you use them, and it's easy to create arrays and hashes (associative arrays). PHP even has some rudimentary object-oriented features, providing a helpful way to organize and encapsulate your code. Beyond its basic syntax, PHP also boasts a wide range of interfaces allowing it to communicate with everything from other web pages, to databases including ODBC, and other programming languages such as Java or COM. PHP goes right into your Web pages, so there's no need for a special development environment or IDE. You start a block of PHP code with .What canyou do with PHP?There are many things you can do with PHP. You can display date, time, and other information in different ways. You can make a survey form and ask people who visit your site to fill it out. With PHP it is possible to access over 19 different types of databases and Manipulate data within those databases based on input from the user via a web page. You can also send e-mail, work with newsgroups, etc.Introduction to My SQLModern day web sites seem to be relying more and more on complex database systems. These systems store all of their critical data, and allow for easy maintenance in some cases. The Structured Query Language (SQL) is a very popular database language, and its standardization makes it quite easy to store, update and access data. One of the most powerful SQL servers out there is called My SQL and surprisingly enough, its free. Some of the features of My SQL Include: Handles large databases, in the area of 50,000,000+ records. No memory leaks. Tested with a commercial memory leakage detector (purify). A privilege and password system which is very flexible and secure, and which allows host-based verification. Passwords are secure since all password traffic when connecting to a server is encrypted. So how does this benefit you? Well, you can now manage a database driven web site for free. Yes, free. Anyway, this multi-part tutorial will be on the various basic commands and functions available within My SQL. Unless you are sitting in front of your server (which you likely aren't), you are going to have to telnet into the server. Once you are in, proceed to the directory where you can find the MySQL files.At the prompt type in something along the lines of the following syntax to loginmysql [-h host_name] [-u user_name] [-p your_pass] Usually you have to ask your web host for a My SQL user name and password, as this is the kind of service you would have to inquire about in the first place. What is My SQL and why are we using it?My SQL is a powerful Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) which we will use to learn the basic principles of database and data manipulation using Structured Query Language (SQL) statements. SQL is a database language that is used to retrieve, insert, delete and update stored data. This is achieved by constructing conditional statements that conform to a specific syntax (i.e. the strict order required of elements for a statement to work).Although it is assumed that most people reading this know what a database and SQL are (if not necessarily how to use them), there follows a little recap that it does no harm ;-)How does My SQL work?My SQL is a database server program and as such is installed on one machine, but can 'serve' the database to a variety of locations. To explain look at the following diagram.

The My SQL Server is installed on a Server and can be accessed directly via various client interfaces, which send SQL statements to the server and then display the results to a user. Some of these are:A Local Client - a program on the same machine as the server. An example of this is the command line My SQL client software we will be using in the rest of the My SQL workshops (although there are other programs including graphical interfaces).A Scripting Language - can pass SQL queries to the server and display the result.A Remote Client - a programmer on a different machine that can connect to the server and run SQL statements.You can also use two more indirect methods.Remote Login - You may be able to connect to the Server Machine to run one of its local clients.Web Browser - you can use a web browser and scripts that someone has written (we're going to use this method for the rest of the workshop).A bit about SQLStructured Query Language is cross between a math-like language and an English-like language that allows us to ask a database questions or tell it do things. There is a structure to this language: it uses English phrases to define an action, but uses math-like symbols to make comparisons. For example:SELECT * FROM table;Where 'SELECT', 'FROM' and 'table' are in English, but '*' is a symbol that means all.It is important to learn SQL as it is common to almost all database programs and was developed specifically as a language used to retrieve, add and manipulate data in databases. You will find it not only here in My SQL, but underlying MS Access, MS SQL Server, and in every web-based database application. While it may seem confusing at first it is almost like telling a story or asking a question once you become comfortable with the syntax.A Bit About Database StructureDatabases can be as complicated as you wish to make them... so lets start with simple and work out way up from there. A database can have many TABLEs holding data. Imagine a simple table of car information:If you look at the blue Cell we call this a 'FIELD' and it has a value of 'Suzuki'.This FIELD exists in the COLUMN named 'Manufacturer'. The 'Model' COLUMN is green in this example. All the FIELDs in the 'Model' COLUMN contain the same type of data (i.e. the model of the car).Whereas a ROW (in this case red) contains a series of FIELDS, one in each COLUMN, together comprising a record about one car. This record represents the real world uniqueness of each thing we are recording (in this case a car) and thus is given a unique number (in database language the 'Primary Key') with which to identify it. In our simple table each unique number is stored as a FIELD in the 'car ID' COLUMN.Creating a First SQL StatementAs we have yet to create a database it would be difficult to construct some simple SQL statements to explain the above without first getting involved in some My SQL server administration. However as we saw above there are many ways to interact with a database and thus I have created a database and a 'cars' table filled with car info and provided a web browser interface to accept SQL statements and return the results for you to experiment with.So open the web interface in a new browser window and switch between the two or print this out and work from it.The first SQL statement we will look at is the SELECT statement. The basic SELECT statement has the following syntax.SELECT columns FROM table [WHERE (condition)]The WHERE condition is in square brackets as it is optional. So using our 'cars' table we can start issuing commands and you should see the actual data being displayed.Note: As an SQL statement can span many lines of a script or when typing it in at a command line (this virtual workshop will 'format' the SQL statements over multiple lines to avoid overlapping and to aid readability). When using My SQL the statement is only deemed 'complete' when a semi-colon is typed at the end to signify that you have finished constructing your statement. So ensure you include a semi-colon.......To display all the data from the 'cars' table we would issue the following command (where '*' is the wildcard symbol for all). SELECT * FROM cars;The result should be a large amount of data displayed (due to the quantity it may take a few moments to display). This is not very useful, but we can begin to restrict the output by including WHERE conditions. For example to display only the records that contain the data '95-98' in the 'Year' field, try the following command:SELECT * FROM cars WHERE (Year = '95-98');There are a couple of items of good practice that make life easier at this point. The first is that our conditions (the bit after WHERE) should be enclosed by brackets. This 'forces' the condition to be evaluated and is needed when you have nested conditions in complex queries, so you should to get into the habit of doing this from the beginning. Secondly, it is likely that you will at some point wish to display data from different tables using the same query - making it a good idea to also get into the habit of using a the full TABLE.COLUMN reference (as different tables sometimes have COLUMNs of the same name).For example if we use another select statement, perhaps all records that have 'Volvo' as 'Manufacturer', we are explicit that we mean the Manufacturer COLUMN in the cars TABLE.SELECT * FROM cars WHERE (cars .Manufacturer = 'Volvo'); As hinted at above, conditions can be combined to achieve better filtering of results, the simplist being to use the 'AND' operatorSELECT * FROM cars WHERE ((cars. Year = '95-98') AND (cars. Manufacturer = 'Volvo'));This last statement should produce only one result and you can begin to see how using conditions can be useful in finding individual records. A Tiny Bit about Operators Operators are another tool that you can use within your SQL statement to refine your search for specific records.

SELECT * FROM cars WHERE ((cars. Year = '95-98') AND (cars. Manufacturer = 'Volvo'));The above statement uses the 'AND' operator (it can also be expressed as '&&') to combine two conditions. Both conditions have to be met in order for the record to be displayed. We can also use the 'OR' operator (can be expressed as '||') to ask for a record to be displayed if either condition is met. SELECT * FROM cars WHERE ((cars. Year = '95-98') OR (cars. Manufacturer = 'Volvo'));The final operator we'll discuss here is the 'NOT' operator ('!' in case you were wondering), which is a bit more complicated. Rather than joining conditions together it becomes part of the condition, turning a positive into a negative. The following statement retrieves all records that do not contain 'Volvo' as 'Manufacturer'.SELECT * FROM cars WHERE (cars. Manufacturer != 'Volvo');As the 'NOT' operator has become part of the condition it can be used with another operator to combine positive and negative conditions. For example to retrieve the records that contain the data '95-98' in the 'Year' field but do not contain 'Volvo' as 'Manufacturer' enter the following.SELECT * FROM cars WHERE ((cars. Year = '95-98') AND (cars. Manufacturer != 'Volvo'));There are also other operators, but they will be discussed in a later part of the MySQL Virtual Workshop series.Restricting ColumnsBefore leaving our initial encounter with the SELECT statement we need to address one final component. In all the examples we have used so far the wildcard '*' has been used to retrieve all the COLUMNs. While this may be okay for a table that only has 7 COLUMNs, it would not work quite so well for a table with 20 COLUMNs. Thus it may be desirable to sometimes restrict which COLUMNs are returned.

If we look again at the seven fields that make up the 'cars' table+-------+--------------+-------+------+-----------+--------+---------+| CarID | Manufacturer | Year | Car | Model | AirCon | CDMulti |

We may only be interested in seeing the 'Manufacturer','Year','Car' and 'Model' fields and thus we would construct a statement like so:SELECT cars.Manufacturer, cars.Year, cars.Car, cars.Model FROM cars WHERE (cars. Year = '95-98');Which, as you can see, asks for only certain columns to be returned - each field separated by a comma.Table used in My SQL Database

Admin Login:

Register Page database:

Cascading Style SheetsCascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used to describe the presentation semantics (the look and formatting) of a document written in a markup language. Its most common application is to style web pages written in HTML and XHTML, but the language can also be applied to any kind of XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL. CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content (written in HTML or a similar markup language) from document presentation, including elements such as the layout, colors, and fonts. This separation can improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple pages to share formatting, and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content (such as by allowing for tableless web design). CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in different styles for different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (when read out by a speech-based browser or screen reader) and on Braille-based, tactile devices. While the author of a document typically links that document to a CSS style sheet, readers can use a different style sheet, perhaps one on their own computer, to override the one the author has specified.CSS specifies a priority scheme to determine which style rules apply if more than one rule matches against a particular element. In this so-called cascade, priorities or weights are calculated and assigned to rules, so that the results are predictable.A pseudo-class selects entire elements, such as :link or :visited, whereas a pseudo-element makes a selection that may consist of partial elements, such as :first-line or :first-letter.Selectors may be combined in other ways too, especially in CSS 2.1, to achieve greater specificity and flexibility.Here is an example summing up the rules above:selector [, selector2, ...][:pseudo-class] { property: value; [property2: value2;}/* comment */Ajax (programming)Ajax (also AJAX acronym for asynchronous JavaScript and XML) is a group of interrelated web development methods used on the client-side to create interactive web applications. With Ajax, web applications can send data to, and retrieve data from, a server asynchronously (in the background) without interfering with the display and behavior of the existing page. Data is usually retrieved using the XML Http Request object. Despite the name, the use of XML is not needed (JSON is often used instead), and the requests need not be asynchronous. Like DHTML and LAMP, Ajax is not one technology, but a group of technologies. Ajax uses a combination of HTML and CSS to mark up and style information. The DOM is accessed with JavaScript to dynamically display, and to allow the user to interact with the information presented. JavaScript and the XML Http Request object provide a method for exchanging data asynchronously between browser and server to avoid full page reloads.What Is AJAX?Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX) is an umbrella term for a collection of Web development technologies used to create interactive Web applications, mostly W3C standards (the XML Http Request specification is developed by WHATWG [1]: XHTML a stricter, cleaner rendering of HTML into XML. CSS for marking up and adding styles. The Java script Document Object Model (DOM) which allows the content, structure and style of a document to be dynamically accessed and updated. The XML Http Request object which exchanges data asynchronously with the Web server reducing the need to continually fetch resources from the server.Since data can be sent and retrieved without requiring the user to reload an entire Web page, small amounts of data can be transferred as and when required. Moreover, page elements can be dynamically refreshed at any level of granularity to reflect this. An AJAX application performs in a similar way to local applications residing on a users machine, resulting in a user experience that may differ from traditional Web browsing.The Origins of AJAXRecent examples of AJAX usage include Gmail, Flickr and 24SevenOffice. It is largely due to these and other prominent sites that AJAX has become popular only relatively recently the technology has been available for some time. One precursor was dynamic HTML (DHTML), which twinned HTML with CSS and JavaScript but suffered from cross-browser compatibility issues. The major technical barrier was a common method for asynchronous data exchange; many variations are possible, such as the use of an iframe for data storage or JavaScript Object Notation for data transmission, but the wide availability of the XML Http Request object has made it a popular solution. AJAX is not a technology, rather, the term refers to a proposed set of methods using a number of existing technologies. As yet, there is no firm AJAX standard, although the recent establishment of the Open AJAX group, supported by major industry figures such as IBM and Google, suggests that one will become available soon.Using AJAXAJAX applications can benefit both the user and the developer. Web applications can respond much more quickly to many types of user interaction and avoid repeatedly sending unchanged information across the network. Also, because AJAX technologies are open, they are supported in all JavaScript-enabled browsers, regardless of operating system however, implementation differences of the XML Http Request between browsers cause some issues, some using an ActiveX object, others providing a native implementation. The upcoming W3C Document Object Model (DOM) Level 3 Load and Save Specification provides a standardized solution, but the current solution has become a de facto standard and is therefore likely to be supported in future browsers. Although the techniques within AJAX are relatively mature, the overall approach is still fairly new and there has been criticism of the usability of its applications; further information on this subject is available in the AJAX and Usability QA Focus briefing document. One of the major causes for concern is that JavaScript needs to be enabled in the browser for AJAX applications to work. This setting is out of the developers control and statistics show that currently 10% of browsers have JavaScript turned off. This is often for accessibility reasons or to avoid scripted viruses. ConclusionsThe popularity of AJAX is due to the many advantages of the technology, but several pitfalls remain related to the informality of the standard, its disadvantages and limitations, potential usability issues and the idiosyncrasies of various browsers and platforms. However, the level of interest from industry groups and communities means that it is undergoing active and rapid development in all these areas.SOFTWARE USEDADOBE DREAMWEAVERAdobe Dreamweaver (formerly Macromedia Dreamweaver) is a web development application originally created by Macromedia, and is now developed by Adobe Systems, which acquired Macromedia in 2005.Dreamweaver is available for both Mac and Windows operating systems. Recent versions have incorporated support for web technologies such as CSS, JavaScript, and various server-side scripting languages and frameworks including ASP, ColdFusion, and PHP.Dreamweaver allows users to preview websites in locally installed web browsers. It provides transfer and synchronization features, the ability to find and replace lines of text or code by search terms and regular expressions across the entire site, and a templating feature that allows single-source update of shared code and layout across entire sites without server-side includes or scripting. The behavior panel also enables use of basic JavaScript without any coding knowledge, and integration with Adobe's Spry Ajax framework offers easy access to dynamically-generated content and interfaces.Dreamweaver can use third-party "Extensions" to extend core functionality of the application, which any web developer can write (largely in HTML and JavaScript). Dreamweaver is supported by a large community of extension developers who make extensions available (both commercial and free) for most web development tasks from simple rollover effects to full-featured shopping carts.Dreamweaver, like other HTML editors, edits files locally then uploads them to the remote web server using FTP, SFTP, or WebDAV. Dreamweaver CS4 now supports the Subversion (SVN) version control system.

Apache HTTP ServerThe Apache HTTP Server, commonly referred to as Apache is web server software notable for playing a key role in the initial growth of the World Wide Web. In 2009 it became the first web server software to surpass the 100 million website milestone. Apache was the first viable alternative to the Netscape Communications Corporation web server (currently known as Oracle iPlanet Web Server), and has since evolved to rival other web servers in terms of functionality and performance. Typically Apache is run on a Unix-like operating system. Apache is developed and maintained by an open community of developers under the auspices of the Apache Software Foundation. The application is available for a wide variety of operating systems, including Unix, GNU, FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, Novell NetWare, AmigaOS, Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows, OS/2, TPF, and eComStation. Released under the Apache License, Apache is open-source software.Since April 1996 Apache has been the most popular HTTP server software in use. As of May 2011 Apache was estimated to serve 63% of all websites and 66% of the million busiest.Apache supports a variety of features, many implemented as compiledmodules which extend the core functionality. These can range from server-side programming language support to authentication schemes. Some common language interfaces support Perl, Python, Tcl, and PHP. Popular authentication modules include mod_access, mod_auth, mod_digest, and mod_auth_digest, the successor to mod_digest. A sample of other features include SSL and TLS support (mod_ssl), a proxy module (mod_proxy), a URL rewriter (also known as a rewrite engine, implemented under mod_rewrite), custom log files (mod_log_config), and filtering support (mod_include and mod_ext_filter).Popular compression methods on Apache include the external extension module, mod_gzip, implemented to help with reduction of the size (weight) of web pages served over HTTP. ModSecurity is an open source intrusion detection and prevention engine for web applications. Apache logs can be analyzed through a web browser using free scripts such as AWStats/W3Perl or Visitors.Virtual hosting allows one Apache installation to serve many different actual websites. For example, one machine with one Apache installation could simultaneously serve www.example.com, www.test.com, test47.test-server.test.com, etc.Apache features configurable error messages, DBMS-based authentication databases, and content negotiation. It is also supported by several graphical user interfaces (GUIs).It supports password authentication and digital certificate authentication. Apache has a built in search engine and an HTML authorizing tool and supports FTP.SYSTEM ANALYSISStudy of the Proposed SystemTo analyze the various aspects of the proposed system it can be classified into database. However, it is also following parts: Acquisition System Utilities

AcquisitionIn the proposed system we have to maintain the whole data in necessary to have a unique identification attached to the different services. For this unique codes are issued to each service. The system includes:Information regarding servicesIn this part there lies the complete information and data regarding the different modules of the organization. The information is present in English language. This data can be retrieved, modify & edit lies only with administrator & users having rights. Administrator can: Valid access through valid login Client registration New project registration maintenanceAll the information is available will be in fully user friendly manner and the user can easily view the information.System UtilitiesThe last section of the system deals with the utilities such as re indexing of the databases, backup, recovery etc.Cost Benefit AnalysisIn the System Development Life Cycle of a project we also study the cost estimates of the system. The types of costs involved are:Hardware CostThis cost relates to the actual purchase or lease of the computer to implement the project. In my case there is some cost because the library of this institution is not having the computer.Operating Cost This includes the day to day operations of the system.Supply CostThis includes the increase in the increased use of computer stationary, printer ribbons, disks for backup etc. According to my analysis this cost is very minimal.Cost Benefit DeterminationCost/benefit analysis is a procedure that gives a picture of the various costs, benefits and rules associated with a system. All the above mentioned costs are calculated to find the total cost involved in the project. The Benefits are realized in the form of reduced operating costs, improved corporate image, staff efficiency and revenues. Some of the types of cost and benefits are: Tangible and Intangible costs and benefits Direct and Indirect costs and benefitSYSTEM DESIGNINTRODUCTION:System design is the process of developing specifications for a candidate system that meet the criteria established in the system analysis. Major step in system design is the preparation of the input forms and the output reports in a form applicable to the user.The main objective of the system design is to make the system user friendly. System design involves various stages as: Data Entry Data Correction Data Deletion Processing Sorting and Indexing Report GenerationSystem design is the creative act of invention, developing new inputs, a database, offline files, procedures and output for processing business to meet an organization objective. System design builds information gathered during the system analysis.9.1.2 CHARACTERSTICS OF A WELL DEFINED SYSTEMIn design an efficient and effective system is of great importance to consider the human factor and equipment that these will require to use. System analyst must evaluate capabilities and limitations of the personal and corresponding factors of the equipment itself.The characteristics associated with effective system operations are: Accessibility Flexibility Decision Making Ability ReliabilityDATABASE DESIGN:The overall objective in the development of the database technology has been to treat data as an organizational resource and as an integrated whole. Database management system allows data to be protected and organize separately from other resources. Database is an integrated collection of data. The most significant of data as seen by the programs and data as stored on the direct storage access storage devices. This is the difference between logical and physical data. The organization of data in the database aims to achieve free major objectives: Data Integration Data Integrity Data IndependenceThe databases are implemented using a DBMS package. Each particular DBMS has unique characteristics and general techniques for Database Design.The proposed Management Information System stores the information relevant for processing in the Microsoft SQL Server Database. This MS SQL Server contains tables, where each table is called a field or column. A table also contains records which is a set of fields. All records, in a table the same set of fields with different information. Each table contains key fields that establish relationships in a MS SQL server database and how the records are stored. There are primary key fields that uniquely identify a record in a table. There are also fields that contain the primary key from another table called foreign keys.It is a known fact that the program cannot be written until the data are defined, so the database must be defined. The starting point for this process is data dictionary. The records data structures and elements to be stored in each database are identified and extracted. Next the analyst codes the source statements library. Eventually, the programmer will incorporate the source code into the various programs, thus assuring consistency and simplifying the coding process. The databases have been designed in such a way that there is no duplication of information and loss of information.

SCHEMA DESIGN:INTRODUCTION:In database design, several views of data must be considered along with the persons who use them. In addition to data structuring, where relationships are reflected between and within entities, we need to identify the application programs logical views of data within an overall logical data structure. The logical view is what the data look like, regardless of how they are stored. The physical view is the way data exist in physical storage. It deals with hoe data are stored, accessed, or related to other data in storage. The schema is the view that helps the DBMS decide in storage act upon as requested by the application program.

RELATIONAL MODEL:Certain rules followed in creating and relating databases in the relational databases. This governs how to relate data and prevent redundancy of the data in the databases. The first set of rules called relational rules ensures that the database is a relational database. The second set called the normalization rules simplifies the database and reduce the redundancy of the data.Proposed system this relational database rules are applied to reduce the redundancy make future changes to the table structure easier to and minimize the impact of these changes on users interface to the database. This is done first determining what information is needed, how items are related, what constraints are established. Tables are created and linked by appropriate key fields. The constraints on the data are used to guide the building of tables. The tables are created by making use of the normalization principles. The proposed system has its own tables in the third normal form.

CODE DESIGNWhen large volumes of data are being handled, it is important that the item be identified, stored or selected easily and quickly. To accomplish this, each data item must have unique identification and must be related to other items of the same type. Codes can provide brief identification of each item, which replace longer description that would be more awkward to store and manipulate.The ability to interrupt codes, evaluate coding schemes and devices new or improved codes are important skills for a system analyst. Common types of codes are:SEQUENCE CODES: A sequence code has no relation to the characteristics of an item. Here a dictionary is required. The data is arranged alphabetically and numbered sequentially. When a new data item is added it is given the next sequence number. The advantage of this code is that it has the ability touched with an unlimited number of digits.SIGNIFICANT DIGIT CODE: It is a code in which the number describes measurable physical characteristics of the item.ALPHABETIC CODE:SELF CHECKING CODE: It uses a check digit to check the validity of codes. These types of codes are an important means of controlling the validity of data that are being processed.

VALIDATION CHECKS: A common problem with computer system is that it is very easy to put incorrect data into them. So the input data is validated to minimize errors and data entry. For certain data specific code has been given and validations are done which enable the user to enter the required data and correct them if they have entered wrong codes, e.g. you could mistype a link name or a URL in a database resulting in reports being occurred in the wrong link name. if you put incorrect data into the computer system then you will get incorrect results out of it. Processing incorrect inputs will produce incorrect outputs. This lead to the acronym: GIGO (Garbage In Garbage Out).Sometimes incorrect data can actually cause a computer system to stop work temporarily. This is a particular problem in batch processing systems when data may be processed overnights. If incorrect data stops a batch processing systems for working then a whole night processing time may be lost.People who develop computer systems go to a lot of trouble to make it difficult for incorrect data to be entered. The two main techniques used for this purpose are:

VERIFICATION VALIDATIONVerification:A verification check ensures that data i9s correctly transferred into a computer from the medium that it was originally stored on. Verification checks are usually used to check that a data entry worker has correctly typed information written on a data collection form into a computer.Methods of Verification:The two most common methods of verification are: On-Screen prompts: After a user has entered some data it is redisplayed on the screen. The user is prompted to read the data and confirm that it has been entered correctly. If the user has entered any data incorrectly he should response that the data is inaccurate and retypes the incorrect parts. Dual Inputs: This method is used when data is entered through the keyboard. The data to be entered is typed in twice by two different operations. The two copies of data are been compared, any difference are detected, the operators will be prompted to retype the sections that differ until both copies agree. When the two copies agree the computer assumes that the data has been entered correctly.

VALIDATION:A validation check is an automatic check made by computer to ensure that any data entered into the computer is sensible. A validation check does not make sure that data has been entered correctly. It only ensures that data is sensible. For this reason validation checks are not usually as effective as verification checks. They can however be carried out automatically by the computer and therefore require less work by the computer operators making them cheaper to use.

Methods of validation: There are many different methods of validations. The most appropriate method to use will depend upon what data is being entered. The most common methods are listed here. Presence Checks: checks that data has been entered into the field and that it has not been left blank, e.g. checks that Project ID is always entered into each record in a database of project details. Type Checks: checks that an entered value is of particular type. E.g. checks that a field is varchar, a number, etc. Length Checks: checks that an entered value, e.g. Project ID is no longer than a particular number of characters. Format Checks: Checks that an entered value has a particular format. E.g. a date must be consist of mm-dd-yy format.Validation checks can be performed by any piece of software. If the user tries to do unauthorized operations the appropriate error messages are produced by the systems.

DATA DICTIONARY:In our DFD, we give names to data flows, processes, and data stores. Although the names are descriptive of the data, they do not give details. So the following the DFD, our interest is to build some structured place to keep details of the contents of data flow, processes, and data store. A data dictionary is a structured repository of data about data. It is a set of rigorous definition of all DFD data element and data structure.A data dictionary has many advantages. The most obvious is documentation; it is valuable reference in any organization. Another advantage is improving analyst/user communication by establishing consistent definition of various elements, terms and procedures. During implementation, it serves as a common base against which programmers who are working on the system compare data description. Also control information maintained for each data element is cross referenced in the data dictionary. E.g. program that use a given data element are cross referenced in a data dictionary, which makes it easy to identify them and make any necessary changes. Finally, a data dictionary is an important step in building a database. Most database management system has a data dictionary as a standard feature.INPUT DESIGN:The input design is the link between the information system and the user. It comprises developing specification and procedure for data preparation and those steps that are necessary to put transaction data into a usable form for processing data entry. The activity of putting data into the computer for processing can be achieved by instructing the computer to read data from a written or printed document or it can occur by having people key data directly into the system. The design of inputs focuses on controlling the amount of inputs required, controlling errors, avoiding delay, avoiding extra steps and keeping the process simple.The system needs the following information for processing: Information regarding Project Details Information regarding Project Design Details Information regarding Category, Location Details

OUTPUT DESIGN:In output design, emphasis is given on producing a hard copy of the information required as the output on the CRT screen in some predefined manner. Computer output is the most important and direct source of information to the use. Output design is a process that involves designing necessary outputs that should be given to various users according to their requirements. Efficient, intelligible output design should improve the systems relationship with the user and help in decision making. Since the reports are directly referred by the management for taking the decisions and to draw conclusions, they must be designed with utmost care and the details in the reports must be simple, descriptive and clear to the user. The options for the outputs and reports are given the system menu.

DESIGN OBJECTIVESThe primary objective of the design is to deliver the requirements as specified in the feasibility report. These are the some of the objectives, which I kept in mind. Practicality: The system is quite stable and can be operated by the people with average intelligence. Efficiency: I tried to involve accuracy, timeliness and comprehensiveness of the system output. Cost: It is desirable to aim for the system with a minimum cost subject to the condition that it must satisfy the entire requirement. Flexibility: I have tried that the system should be modifiable depending on the changing needs of the user. Such modifications should entail extensive reconstructing or recreation of software. It should also be portable to different computer systems. Security: This is very important aspect which I followed in this designing phase and tried to covers the areas of hardware reliability, fallback procedures, and physical security of data.PROJECT REVIEWIn Computer Accessories is any external device that provides input and output for the computer. For example, a keyboard and mouse are input accessories, while a monitor and printer are output peripherals. Computer accessories, or peripheral devices, are sometimes called "I/O devices" because they provide input and output for the computer. Some peripherals, such as external hard drives, provide both input and output for the computer.Any auxiliary device such as a computer mouse or keyboard, that connects to and works with the computer in some way. Other examples of peripherals are expansion cards, graphics cards, image scanners, tape drives, microphones, loudspeakers, webcams, and digital cameras. RAM - random access memory .Best of all, selection of computer hardware to fit every budget and system build. Todays lifetoo busy in jobs and any other works normal persons dont waste our hours to going shops time to time in daily life for comparing this who is good in quality on not .So,the best benefit of site is easy to buying and celling things. Whether you're a computer enthusiast, business professional or just need something for their homework, buying a branded computer can be a significant investment. Learning to build your own system not only helps you save money, but also ensures your computer system has everything you need. We'll guide you through choosing the peripherals that meet your needs while explaining why you need them.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this document is to define the requirements of Online system. This supplementary specification lists the requirements that are not readily captured in the use case model. Supplementary specification and the use case model capture a complete set of requirement of the system.

Fully Teamwork System : -Binary network marketing succeeds because of teamwork. When everyone in the network is all working together to ensure high productivity, everyone benefits. Conversely, when one arm of the team is slacking, everyone suffers. A binary team can only succeed if everyone is pulling his or her own weight. .Cost Effectiveness : -As persons seem to be located in different areas of the world so our system is designed to bring all the employees and business related information together on one centralized online place providing the business with a flexible and cost effective platform for controlling project tasks.Security : -Only the authorized user can access the valuable data by entering their usernames and passwords.

Product Advertising :-Focus n promoting ur product and attracting customers.

FeaturesFull admin control:The admin can provide control over the entries made by the users. For every new post from the visitors, admin will be notified by an email. As the admin you have complete control over this system's entire use and objectives. It includes a self-replicating website ability, password protection, automatic upline notification of member signup, downline reporting, mailing list and more.

Admin can:1. Activate or deactivate a members.2. Edit the account of users.3. View the full detail of members..

CAPTCHAA CAPTCHA is a type of challenge-response test used in computing as an attempt to ensure that the response is not generated by a computer. The process usually involves one computer (a server) asking a user to complete a simple test which the computer is able to generate and grade. Because other computers are supposedly unable to solve the CAPTCHA, any user entering a correct solution is presumed to be human. Thus, it is sometimes described as a reverse Turing test, because it is administered by a machine and targeted to a human, in contrast to the standard Turing test that is typically administered by a human and targeted to a machine. A common type of CAPTCHA requires the user to type letters or digits from a distorted image that appears on the screen.

Personal account for invidiual userA personal account is an account for use by an individual for that person's own needs. It is a relative term to differentiate them from those accounts for corporate or business use. The term "personal account" may be used generically for financial accounts at banks and for service accounts such as accounts with the phone company, or even for e-mail accounts.A user often has a user account and is identified by a username (also user name), screen name (also screenname), nickname (also nick), or handle, which is derived from the identical Citizen's Band radio term. Every individual user has his own personal account where he can save his personal information. He can change his password,sand ids from one to another.

Features:- It provide security to personal information from other users. User can edit his personal account. Chat services is also provide to individual user. User can also share information with other users. Search facility is also provided to individual user to find other users account. User can check his monthly incentives. User can check and edit his child accounts. User has also facility to check tree view of his team.Advance search using AJAX:Features fast search with cache and an advanced AJAX search box with results as you type. The search box can be customized to the look of your site. The search engine can index standard html sites and dynamic site by following links on your Web...The AjaxSearch snippet is an enhanced version of the original FlexSearchForm snippet for MODx. This snippet adds AJAX functionality on top of the robust content searching. Search in title, description, content, alias, intro and Template Variable (TV) values of documents Search in title and description of MaxiGallery images. Display the images found as search results with a link to the image in the gallery Search in content of jot and display the document with the comment Search in your own tables (it is required to describe them)

FeaturesIt could works in two modes: AJAX Search mode: search results are displayed in a popup window over the current page through an AJAX request. available link to view all results in a new page when only a subset is retuned (Show more results link). allow a live search (Each new letter which is entering in the search box provide new search results). tune the opacity parameter of the popup window . Uses the MooTools or jQuery js library for AJAX and visual effects with JS disabled swap to the non-ajaxSearch mode.Refresh partial page with ajax: Using AJAX, it is possible to regularly auto-refresh a section of a webpage containing dynamic content without reloading the whole page AJAX = Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. AJAX is a technique for creating fast and dynamic web pages. AJAX allows web pages to be updated asynchronously by exchanging small amounts of data with the server behind the scenes. This means that it is possible to update parts of a web page, without reloading the whole page. Classic web pages, (which do not use AJAX) must reload the entire page if the content should change.

AJAX is based on internet standards, and uses a combination of: XMLHttpRequest object (to exchange data asynchronously with a server) JavaScript/DOM (to display/interact with the information) CSS (to style the data) XML (often used as the format for transferring data) Facebook and twitter like buttons:Social bookmarking is a method for Internet users to organize, store, manage and search for bookmarks of resources online. Unlike file sharing, the resources themselves aren't shared, merely bookmarks that reference them.This is most efficient method of Online Advertisment from where the users are redirect to facebook, twitter and other social site accounts. Features: It helps in advertisement. User can pass their comments using social sites links. User can also give their suggestions. It helps in making network. User can also join the related groups.

Rules of behaviorChat rooms usually have stringent rules that they require users to follow in order to maintain integrity and safety for their users. Particularly in rooms for children, rules usually do not allow users to use offensive language, or to promote hate mail, violence and other negative issues. Also chat rooms often do not allow advertising in their rooms or flooding, which is continually filling the screen with repetitive text. Typing with caps lock on is usually considered shouting and is discouraged.Sometimes chat room venues are moderated either by limiting who is allowed to speak (not common), by having comments be approved by moderators (often presented as asking questions of a guest or celebrity), or by having moderation volunteers patrol the venue watching for disruptive or otherwise undesirable behaviour.Yet, most commonly used chat rooms are not moderated and users may type what they personally choose to send.DISCUSSION FORUMAn Internet forum, or message board, is an online discussion site where people can hold conversations in the form of posted messages. They differ from chat rooms in that messages are at least temporarily archived. Also, depending on the access level of a user and/or the forum set-up, a posted message might need to be approved by a moderator before it becomes visible.Forums have a specific set of jargon associated with them; e.g. A single conversation is called a "thread".A forum is hierarchical or tree-like in structure: a forum can contain a number of subforums, each of which may have several topics. Within a forum's topic, each new discussion started is called a thread, and can be replied to by as many people as wish to.Depending on the forum set-up, users can be anonymous or have to register with the forum and then subsequently log in in order to post messages. Usually users do not have to log in to read existing messages.ModeratorsThe moderators (short singular form: "mod") are users (or employees) of the forum who are granted access to the posts and threads of all members for the purpose of moderating discussion (similar to arbitration) and also keeping the forum clean (neutralizing spam and spambots etc.).Because they have access to all posts and threads in their area of responsibility, it is common for a friend of the site owner to be promoted to moderator for such a task. Moderators also answer users' concerns about the forum, general questions, as well as respond to specific complaints. They also can do anything to lend a helping hand to a user in need.Moderators themselves may have ranks: some may be given mod privileges over only a particular topic or section (called "local"), while others (called "global" or "super") may be allowed access anywhere. Common privileges of moderators include: deleting, merging, moving, and splitting of posts and threads, locking, renaming, stickying of threads, banning, suspending, unsuspending, unbanning, warning the members, or adding, editing, removing the polls of threads."Junior Modding", "Backseat Modding", or "Forum copping" can refer negatively to the behavior of ordinary users who take a moderator-like tone in criticizing other members.Essentially, it is the duty of the moderator to manage the day-to-day affairs of a forum or board as it applies to the stream of user contributions and interactions. The relative effectiveness of this user management directly impacts the quality of a forum in general, its appeal, and its usefulness as a community of interrelated users.AdministratorThe administrators (short form: "admin") manage the technical details required for running the site. they may promote (and demote) members to moderators, manage the rules, create sections and sub-sections, as well as perform any database operations (database backup etc.). Administrators often also act as moderators. Administrators may also make forum-wide announcements, or change the appearance (known as the skin) of a forum.PostA post is a user-submitted message enclosed into a block containing the user's details and the date and time it was submitted. Members are usually allowed to edit or delete their own posts. Posts are contained in threads, where they appear as boxes one after another. The first post starts the thread; this may be called the TS (thread starter) or OP (original post). Posts that follow in the thread are meant to continue discussion about that post, or respond to other replies; it is not uncommon for discussions to be derailed.On Western forums, the classic way to show a member's own details (such as name and avatar) has been on the left side of the post, in a narrow column of fixed width, with the post controls located on the right, at the bottom of the main body, above the signature block. In more recent forum software implementations the Asian style of displaying the members' details above the post has been copied.Posts have an internal limit usually measured in characters. Often one is required to have a message of minimum length of 10 characters. There is always an upper limit but it is rarely reached most boards have it at either 10,000, 20,000, 30,000 or 50,000 characters.Most forums keep track of a user's postcount. The postcount is a measurement of how many posts a certain user has made.[15] Users with higher postcounts are often considered more reputable than users with lower postcounts. Some forums have disabled postcounts in the hopes that doing so will reduce the emphasis on quantity over quality of information.

ThreadA thread (sometimes called a topic) is a collection of posts, usually displayed from oldest to latest, although this is typically configurable: options for newest to oldest and for a threaded view (a tree-like view applying logical reply structure before chronological order) can be available. A thread is defined by a title, an additional description that may summarize the intended discussion, and an opening or original post (common abbreviation OP, which can also mean original poster) which opens whatever dialogue or makes whatever announcement the poster wished. A thread can contain any number of posts, including multiple posts from the same members, even if they are one after the other.A thread is contained in a forum, and may have an associated date which is taken as the date of the last post (options to order threads by other criteria are generally available). When a member posts in a thread it will jump to the top since it is the latest updated thread. Similarly, other threads will jump in front of it when they receive posts. When a member posts in a thread for no reason but to have it go to the top, it is referred to as a bump or bumping. Threads which are important but rarely receive posts are stickyed (or, in some software, "pinned"). A sticky thread will always appear in front of normal threads, often in its own section.A thread's popularity is measured on forums in reply (total posts minus one the opening post) counts. Some forums also track page views. Threads meeting a set number of posts or a set number of views may receive a designation such as "hot thread" and be displayed with a different icon compared to others threads. This icon may stand out more to emphasize the thread.DiscussionForums prefer a premise of open and free discussion and often adopt de facto standards. Most common topics on forums include questions, comparisons, polls of opinion as well as debates. It is not uncommon for nonsense or unsocial behavior to sprout as people lose temper, especially if the topic is controversial. Poor understanding of differences in values of the participants is a common problem on forums. Because replies to a topic are often worded aimed at someone's point of view, discussion will usually go slightly off into several directions as people question each others' validity, sources and so on. Circular discussion and ambiguity in replies can extend for several tens of posts of a thread eventually ending when everyone gives up or attention spans waver and a more interesting subject takes over. It is not uncommon for debate to end in ad hominem attacks.LogisticsConsumers find a product of interest by visiting the website of the retailer directly, or do a search across many different vendors using a shopping search engine.Once a particular product has been found on the web site of the seller, most online retailers use shopping cart software to allow the consumer to accumulate multiple items and to adjust quantities, by analogy with filling a physical shopping cart or basket in a conventional store. A "checkout" process follows (continuing the physical-store analogy) in which payment and delivery information is collected, if necessary. Some stores allow consumers to sign up for a permanent online account so that some or all of this information only needs to be entered once. The consumer often receives an e-mail confirmation once the transaction is complete. Less sophisticated stores may rely on consumers to phone or e-mail their orders (though credit card numbers are not accepted by e-mail, for security reasons).

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W E L C O M E - Computer AccessoriesWe are a prime Seller for Computer Accessories that are well-acclaimed for their superior quality among the clients. These Computer Accessories are known for their high performance. We offer Computer Accessories of all brands as per the requirement of the clients.It is all right at your fingertips and a few clicks of your mouse.By simply jumping online you will be able to shop the computer store and find all that you need and maybe even a few things that you want.

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Css coding : mywebsite.css@charset "utf-8";body, h1, h2, h3, h4 , h5, h6, p, div, u1, li { margin:0; padding:0;}body {font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;background-color: #000;}#divWrapper {width:800px;margin:auto;}#divHeasder {width:800px; background: url(../images/PC-Desktop-1-1152x8641.jpg);text-align:center;height:150px;}#divHeader img { padding-top:30px;padding-bottom:30px;}#divline {width:800px;background:#999;height:1px;}#divLinks {width:800px;background:#666;}#divNav {width:484px;background:#666;height:40px;margin:0 auto;}#divNav ul {list-style-type:none;}#divNav ul li {float: left;}#divNav ul li a {display: block;height:22px;line-height:20px;background:#000;width:86px;font-size:0.7em;font-weight:bold;color:#fff;text-align:center;text-decoration: none;margin:7px; /*Border Radius*/border-radius:5px;-moz-outline-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px;border: 1px solid #000;/*Gradients*/background:-moz-linear-gradient(top, #666, #333);background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#666), to(#333));}#divNav ul li a:hover {background:#333;background:-moz-linear-gradient(top, #000, #666);background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#000), to(#666));}#divNav ul li a.curent, #divNav ul li a.current:hover {background:#333;background:-moz-linear-gradient(top, #000, #666);background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#000), to(#666));color:#f63;cursor: default;}#divAbout {width:800px;background:#333;margin:auto;padding-top:60px;padding-bottom:60px;}#divContant {width:530px;margin:100px auto;background:#222;border:4px solid #000;/*Gradients*/background:-moz-linear-gradient(top, #666, #333,#222);background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#666), to(#222), color-stop(0.5, #333));border-radius:15px;-moz-border-radius:15px;-webkit-border-radius:15px;/*Shadows*/box-shadow:1px 1px 4px #000;-moz-box-shadow:1px 1px 4px #000;-webkit-box-shadow:1px 1px 4px #000;}#divContant img {float:left;border:1px solid #000;background:#333;padding::16px;marin:0.7em;/*Gradients*/background:-moz-linear-gradient(top, #000, #333);background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#000), to(#333));/*Border Radius*/border-radius:15px;-moz-border-radius:15px;-webkit-border-radius:15px;}#divContent h5 {color:#fff;padding-top:0.8em;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;}#divContant p {font-size:0.8em;color:#999;padding:0.7em;line-height:1.4em;}#divFooter {background:#222;height:10px;width:800px;border-bottom:1px solid #333;}

New Joinning PageReg.php

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