PHP in Hindi - bccfalna.com · Details of CORE PHP in Hindi Language and after reading this EBook,...

PHP in Hindi

B c c F a l n a . c o m 0 9 7 9 9 4 - 5 5 5 0 5

Kuldeep Chand In this EBook, I have covered approximately all Core Concepts of PHP. I have described Object Oriented PHP Concepts too in great details, because these days “OOPS" is the mainly used Programming Pattern in each Programming or Scripting Language because of the benefit it provides us for Code Reusing and Object Orientation. After learning Core Concepts of PHP, you can easily move to any PHP Framework like Symfony, WordPress, Joomla, Drupal, etc… and you can easily develop Theme or Plugin of these most used CMS and Frameworks. In this EBook, I have not only covered Core Concepts of PHP but also I have tried to introduce various Programming Features we require in any Professional Web Application like Loging System. I think, this is the Only EBook available on NET with Great Details of CORE PHP in Hindi Language and after reading this EBook, you would really be in Good Situation to work on a Professional Web Application.

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Core PHP in Hindi

■■■ Kuldeep Chand

Betalab Computer Center Falna

http://www.bccfalna.com/php-in-hindi-discussion/

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Core PHP in Hindi

Core PHP in Hindi Copyright © 2012 by Kuldeep Chand All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher. Trademarked names may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Lead Editors: Kuldeep Chand Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Betalab Computer Center, Behind of Vidhya Jyoti School, Falna Station Dist. Pali (Raj.) Pin 306116 e-mail [email protected], or visit http://www.bccfalna.com For information on translations, please contact BetaLab Computer Center, Behind of Vidhya Jyoti School, Falna Station Dist. Pali (Raj.) Pin 306116 Phone 97994-55505 The information in this book is distributed on an “as is” basis, without warranty. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this work, the author shall not have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in this book.


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Core PHP in Hindi

This book is dedicated to those

who really wants to be

a

ProfessionAl develoPer


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Core PHP in Hindi

index of

Contents


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Core PHP in Hindi

Table of Contents Web Development .............................................................................................. 12

Web Development Sequence and Used Technologies .................................. 20 PHP – History and Introduction .......................................................................... 29

Types of Programming Languages ................................................................. 29 Environment Setup ......................................................................................... 31 Creating First PHP Script ................................................................................ 36 Setting PHP Interpreter Path .......................................................................... 38 Interpreting First PHP Script ........................................................................... 41

PHP Fundamentals ............................................................................................ 47 <?php … ?> .................................................................................................... 47 Output Statements .......................................................................................... 47

print() Statement.......................................................................................... 48 echo() Statement ......................................................................................... 48

Case Sensitive ................................................................................................ 48 Statements and Semicolons ........................................................................... 49 Block Statement .............................................................................................. 49 Whitespace and Line Breaks .......................................................................... 49 Comments ...................................................................................................... 50

“C” Style Comment or Multiline Comment ................................................... 50 “C++” Style Single Line Comment ............................................................... 50 Unix Shell Style Single Line Comment ........................................................ 51

Literals ............................................................................................................ 51 Identifier .......................................................................................................... 51

Variables ..................................................................................................... 52 Constants .................................................................................................... 52 Function Names .......................................................................................... 53 Class Names ............................................................................................... 54

Keywords ........................................................................................................ 54 Data Types ..................................................................................................... 55

Scalar Data Types ....................................................................................... 55 Compound Data Types ............................................................................... 68 Special Data Types ..................................................................................... 68

Variable ........................................................................................................... 69 Variable Initialization and Assignment Types .............................................. 72 Variable Variables ....................................................................................... 75

Expressions .................................................................................................... 77 Operand ...................................................................................................... 77 Operators .................................................................................................... 77

Control Statements ......................................................................................... 96 Types Of Control Statement ........................................................................ 97 Conditional Statements ............................................................................... 98 Un-Conditional Statements ....................................................................... 107 Iteration - Loops ........................................................................................ 110 Jumping Statements .................................................................................. 119

Arrays ........................................................................................................... 124 Associative Array ....................................................................................... 129 Multidimensional Array .............................................................................. 138 Array Related Functions ............................................................................ 144

Function ........................................................................................................ 198 Built-In or Library Function and User Defined Functions ........................... 200


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Core PHP in Hindi

Function Nesting ....................................................................................... 200 Calling Function and Called Function ........................................................ 201 Function Creation or Function Definition ................................................... 201 Types of User Defined Functions .............................................................. 203 Default Arguments ..................................................................................... 209 Returning Multiple Values ......................................................................... 212 Variable Number of Arguments ................................................................. 212 Variable Functions ..................................................................................... 214 Anonymous Functions ............................................................................... 216 Recursive Functions .................................................................................. 218 Variable Scope and Lifetime ..................................................................... 218 User Defined Function Library ................................................................... 225 File Inclusion Statements .......................................................................... 226

String ............................................................................................................ 231 String Printing Statements......................................................................... 231 String Length ............................................................................................. 239 String Comparision .................................................................................... 240 String Case................................................................................................ 243 String Cleaner ........................................................................................... 244 String Padding ........................................................................................... 246 Characters and Words Counting ............................................................... 247 Character ASCII Code .......................................................................... 250 Array String........................................................................................... 251 Hexadecimal Binary.............................................................................. 255 Searching and Manipulating ...................................................................... 256 Miscellaneous String Functions ................................................................. 270

Type Casting ................................................................................................. 272 Converting to Boolean ............................................................................... 273 Converting to Integer ................................................................................. 274 Converting to Float .................................................................................... 275 String Conversion to Numbers .................................................................. 275 Converting to String ................................................................................... 276 Converting to Array ................................................................................... 277 Converting to Object .................................................................................. 277 Converting to Resource ............................................................................. 278 Converting to NULL ................................................................................... 278 Converting to Binary .................................................................................. 279

Conversion Functions ................................................................................... 279 floatval() Function ...................................................................................... 279 doubleval() Function .................................................................................. 280 intval() Function ......................................................................................... 280 strval() Function......................................................................................... 281

Testing Functions ......................................................................................... 282 isset() Language Construct ....................................................................... 282 empty() Language Construct ..................................................................... 283 unset() Function ........................................................................................ 284 is_ Functions ............................................................................................. 285 PHP Character Functions .......................................................................... 288

Date and Time .............................................................................................. 291 Unix Timestamp ........................................................................................ 291 PHP Date and Time Library ...................................................................... 292

Summary ...................................................................................................... 299


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Core PHP in Hindi

Object Oriented PHP ........................................................................................ 301 Object Oriented Programming Concepts ...................................................... 301

Encapsulation ............................................................................................ 303 Inheritance................................................................................................. 304 Polymorphism............................................................................................ 304

Abstraction .................................................................................................... 304 Class ............................................................................................................. 306 Object ........................................................................................................... 310

Access Scope Specifier ............................................................................. 312 Initializing Data Members .......................................................................... 318 Scope Resolution Operator ( :: ) ................................................................ 318 Constant Data Members ........................................................................... 318

Constructors ................................................................................................. 319 Destructors ................................................................................................... 321 Static Class Members ................................................................................... 322 Object Cloning .............................................................................................. 326 PHP Overloading .......................................................................................... 334

__set() Method .......................................................................................... 334 __get() Method .......................................................................................... 338 __isset() Method........................................................................................ 340 __unset() Method ...................................................................................... 341 __call() Method and __callStatic() Method ................................................ 341

Inheritance .................................................................................................... 342 Method Overriding ..................................................................................... 346 protected Scope Access Specifier ............................................................. 351 Inheritance and Constructors .................................................................... 352

Abstract Class ............................................................................................... 354 Final Class .................................................................................................... 359 Interface ........................................................................................................ 361 Autoloading Objects ...................................................................................... 367 Traits ............................................................................................................. 371

Precedence of Methods ............................................................................ 374 Multiple Traits ............................................................................................ 376 Conflict Resolution .................................................................................... 377 Changing Method Visibility ........................................................................ 383 Traits in Trait ............................................................................................. 383 Abstract Traits ........................................................................................... 385 Static Trait Members ................................................................................. 386 Static Methods........................................................................................... 387 Trait Properties .......................................................................................... 388

Type Hinting .................................................................................................. 388 Object Iteration ............................................................................................. 390 Object Serialization ....................................................................................... 392

Serialization Format .................................................................................. 397 Magic Methods ............................................................................................. 399

__toString() Method ................................................................................... 399 __sleep() and __wakeup() Methods .......................................................... 400 __invoke() Method ..................................................................................... 402 __set_state() Method ................................................................................ 403

Late Static Binding ........................................................................................ 406 instanceof Keyword ...................................................................................... 409 Object / Class Functions ............................................................................... 410


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class_exists() Function .............................................................................. 410 get_class() Function .................................................................................. 412 get_class_methods() Function .................................................................. 414 get_class_vars() Function ......................................................................... 415 get_declared_classes() Function .............................................................. 417 get_object_vars() Function ........................................................................ 417 get_parent_class() Function ...................................................................... 418 interface_exists() Function ........................................................................ 419 is_a() Function........................................................................................... 420 is_subclass_of() Function .......................................................................... 421 method_exists() Function .......................................................................... 422 class_alias() Function ................................................................................ 423 get_called_class() Function ....................................................................... 424 get_declared_interfaces() Function ........................................................... 424 get_declared_traits() Function ................................................................... 425 property_exists() Function ......................................................................... 426 trait_exists() Function ................................................................................ 427

Function Handling Function .......................................................................... 427 Callback Functions .................................................................................... 428

Namespaces ................................................................................................. 437 Creating Namespaces ............................................................................... 438 Sub-Namespace........................................................................................ 440 Using Namespace ..................................................................................... 441 PHP Rules for Accessing Namespaces .................................................... 445

Exception Handling ....................................................................................... 446 Default Constructor ................................................................................... 448 Methods..................................................................................................... 449 User Defined Exception Class ................................................................... 452 Multiple catch Block ................................................................................... 453

Summary ...................................................................................................... 455 PHP Web Facilities .......................................................................................... 458

HTTP Basics ................................................................................................. 458 PHP Super Global Variables ........................................................................ 460

$COOKIE Global Array ............................................................................. 460 $_GET Global Array .................................................................................. 460 $_POST Global Array ................................................................................ 461 $_FILES Global Array ............................................................................... 461 $_ENV Global Array .................................................................................. 461 $_SERVER Global Array ........................................................................... 461

Processing Forms ......................................................................................... 462 Methods..................................................................................................... 462 Parameters ................................................................................................ 463 File Inclusion ............................................................................................. 469 Self Processing Pages .............................................................................. 472 Multivalve Parameters ............................................................................... 476

$_SERVER – Server Information ................................................................. 479 SERVER_SOFTWARE Key ...................................................................... 479 SERVER_NAME Key ................................................................................ 479 SERVER_INTERFACE Key ...................................................................... 479 SERVER_PROTOCOL Key ...................................................................... 479 SERVER_PORT Key ................................................................................ 479 REQUEST_METHOD Key ........................................................................ 479


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PATH_INFO Key ....................................................................................... 480 PATH_TRANSLATED Key ........................................................................ 480 SCRIPT_NAME Key .................................................................................. 480 QUERY_STRING Key ............................................................................... 480 REMOTE_HOST Key ................................................................................ 480 REMOTE_HOST Key ................................................................................ 480 AUTH_TYPE Key ...................................................................................... 480 REMOTE_USER Key ................................................................................ 480 CONTENT_TYPE Key .............................................................................. 481 CONTENT_LENGTH Key ......................................................................... 481

Setting Response Headers ........................................................................... 482 Different Content Types ............................................................................ 483 Downloadable File ..................................................................................... 486 Uncatchable File ........................................................................................ 486 Redirection ................................................................................................ 486 Page Expiration ......................................................................................... 487

Maintaining State .......................................................................................... 487 Cookies ..................................................................................................... 489 Sessions .................................................................................................... 497

File Management System ................................................................................ 504 Data Organization ......................................................................................... 505 Working with Files ......................................................................................... 507

Opening a File - fopen() Function .............................................................. 508 Closing a File - fclose() Function ............................................................... 513 Writing to File ............................................................................................ 514 Navigation in File ....................................................................................... 516 Reading from File ...................................................................................... 519 Formatted File Writing and Reading .......................................................... 530 Remote Data Sources ............................................................................... 536 allow_url_fopen ......................................................................................... 538 allow_url_include ....................................................................................... 538 safe_mode................................................................................................. 538 Creating Socket Connection ...................................................................... 539 Sending Request Message to Remote Server over Socket ...................... 540 Receiving Response Message from Remote Server over Socket ............ 542

PHP File System Related Functions ............................................................. 544 Path Related Functions ............................................................................. 545 Size Related Functions ............................................................................. 547 File Related Time Functions ...................................................................... 548 Reading Directory Contents ...................................................................... 550 General Functions ..................................................................................... 553 Shell Command Functions ........................................................................ 554

Dynamic Website ............................................................................................. 558 MVC Pattern ................................................................................................. 558 Database Fundamental ................................................................................ 560

Primary Key ............................................................................................... 562 Foreign Keys ............................................................................................. 562

MySql with phpMyAdmin .............................................................................. 564 MySql Data Types ..................................................................................... 573 Datatype Attributes .................................................................................... 579

MySql Storage Engines ................................................................................ 582 Using MySQL with PHP ................................................................................ 585


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Core PHP in Hindi

Establishing Connection between MySQL and PHP ................................. 585 Executing SQL Queries on MySQL through PHP ..................................... 587 Closing the Connection ............................................................................. 588 Retrieving Query Results from MySQL Database ..................................... 593 Database Security ..................................................................................... 596 mysqli_num_rows() Function .................................................................... 599 Updating MySQL Records with PHP ......................................................... 600

PHP with MySQL in Detail ............................................................................ 601 Connection with Database ........................................................................ 602 Interaction with Database .......................................................................... 604 Parsing Query Results .............................................................................. 608 Working with Prepared Statements ........................................................... 611

HTML Related Special Functions ................................................................. 614 addcslashes() Function ............................................................................. 614 stripcslashes() Function ............................................................................ 615 addslashes() Function ............................................................................... 616 stripslashes() Function .............................................................................. 616 htmlspecialchars() Function ...................................................................... 616 htmlspecialchars_decode() Function ......................................................... 618 htmlentities() Function ............................................................................... 619 html_entity_decode() Function .................................................................. 619 nl2br() Function ......................................................................................... 620

Last but not Least. There is more… ................................................................. 621


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Core PHP in Hindi

Web develoPmment


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Core PHP in Hindi

Web Development ge Web dks nks fgLlksa esa Divide dj ldrs gSaA

1 Web Site 2 Web Application

Website lkekU;r;k Advertisement ds fy, mi;ksxh gksrh gS tcfd Web Application, Data dks Manage djus ds fy,A Web Sites dks ge ,d vU; rjhds ls fQj ls nks Hkkxksa esa ckaV ldrs gSa%

1 Static Web Site 2 Dynamic Web Site

Static Web Site ,slh Web Site gksrh gS] ftlds Contents dks dsoy ,d ckj Develop fd;k tkrk gS vkSj cgqr de ckj Modify fd;k tkrk gSA ,sls Content dks ckj&ckj Modify djus dh t:jr ugha gksrhA tcfd Dynamic Web Site ,slh Web Site gksrh gS] ftlds Content le;≤ ij vkSj ckj&ckj t:jr ds vuqlkj cnyrs jgrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, fdlh Company ds fofHkUu Employees dh Information ;k Company ds fodkl dh Information, fdlh School ds fofHkUu fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh Personal Information, Teachers dh Personal Information vkfn ,slh ckrsa gSa] tks yEcs le; rd ugha cnyrhA blfy, bl izdkj dh Information dks tc Web Site ds ek/;e ls Represent fd;k tkrk gS] rks cuus okyh Web Site ,d Static Web Site gksrh gSA tcfd fdlh Company ds fofHkUu Employees dh Salary dh Information ;k Company ds Growth ls lacaf/kr Information tSls fd Balance Sheet vkfn ckj&ckj cnyrh jgrh gSA blh rjg ls fdlh School ds fofHkUu Students dh Mark-Sheet ds Numbers o Results gj lky cnyrs jgrs gSaA tc bl izdkj dh Information dks fdlh Web Site ds ek/;e ls Represent fd;k tkrk gS] rc ftl izdkj dh Web Sites cukuh iMrh gSa] mUgsa Dynamic Web Sites dgrs gSaA ;fn bl izdkj dh Web Sites dks T;knk csgrj “kCn ls Represent djsa] rks bls Web Applications Hkh dg ldrs gSaA D;ksafd ;s ,d Full Flash Software gksrs gSa tks fdlh ,d Specific Type dh t:jr dks Best rjhds ls iwjk djrs gSa o fdlh ,d leL;k ls lacaf/kr fofHkUu izdkj dh Information dks Best rjhds ls Manage djrs gSaA Dynamic Website dks Hkh ge nks fgLlksa esa ckaV ldrs gSa % Client Side Dynamic Server Side Dynamic Client Side Dynamic Websites dks Interactive Website Hkh dgrs gSaA lkekU;r;k bl izdkj dh Websites esa Client Side esa JavaScript ;k blds fdlh Framework dk iz;ksx djds Front End dks Interactive cuk;k tkrk gSA ,d ,slh Web Site ftls Visit djrs le;] User ml Web Site ds lkFk fdlh rjg dk Interaction Hkh dj ldrk gS] fdlh Item dks Click dj ldrk gS] vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy, fdlh rjg ds Animation dks ns[k ldrk gS ;k viuh t:jr ds vuqlkj Content dks Client Side esa Modify djus esa l{ke gksrk gSA ;kuh tc User Client Side esa fdlh


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Core PHP in Hindi

Web Site ds lkFk fdlh rjg dk dksbZ Interaction dj ldrk gS] rks bl izdkj dh Web Sites dks Interactive Web Site dgrs gSaA tcfd Server Side Dynamic Website esa Webpage ij fn[kkbZ nsus okys Contents User dh t:jr ds vk/kkj ij Server ls cudj ;k Modify gksdj Client Web Browser esa Display gksrs gSaA ;kuh ;s Web Page ,sls Web Page gksrs gSa] tks User dh t:jr ds vuqlkj Web Server ij Dynamically curs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, tc dksbZ Student viuh Mark Sheet dks Internet ls izkIr djuk pkgrk gS] rks og fdlh Web Site ds fdlh Web Page ij fn[kkbZ nsus okys Form esa viuk Name ;k Roll Number Enter djrk gS vkSj mls dsoy mlh dh Mark Sheet izkIr gksrh gSA tcfd ge tkurs gSa fd mlh Form ij fdlh vU; Roll Number ;k uke dks Specify djus ij ogh Web Page fQj ls fn[kkbZ nsxk] ysfdu mlds Content fiNys okys Result dh rqyuk esa fcYdqy vyx gksaxs] D;ksafd lHkh Students dk Result o Mark Sheet ,d leku ugha gksrkA bl izdkj dh Web Site tks fd vyx&vyx Input ds fy, vyx&vyx Result iznku djs] Dynamic Website dgykrh gS vkSj tc User dks fn[kkbZ nsus okyk Web Page fdl rjg dk fn[kkbZ nsxk] ;s fu.kZ; User }kjk Input fd, x, Data ds vk/kkj ij Web Server ysrk gS] rks bl izdkj dh Dynamic Web Site dks Server Side Dynamic Website dgk tkrk gSA ,d Server Side Dynamic Web Site ds Hkh nks fgLls gksrs gSaA tks fgLlk Client Side ds Web Browser esa User ds lkeus fn[kkbZ nsrk gS] og fgLlk Front End dgykrk gS tks fd lkekU;r% Web Page gksrk gS] tcfd ml Front End Web Page ij User dks D;k vkSj dSlk fn[kkbZ nsuk pkfg,] bls Dynamic Web Site ds ftl fgLls }kjk Control fd;k tkrk gS] ;k Generate fd;k tkrk gS] ml fgLls dks Back End dgk tk ldrk gSA fdlh User dks fn[kkbZ nsus okyk Website dk fgLlk ;kuh Front End Hkh rhu Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tk ldrk gS %

1. Structure of Web Page 2. Style of Web Page 3. Behavior of Web Page

Webpage ds Structure dks r; djus dk dke HTML dk gksrk gS] Webpage ds Appearance dks Define djus dk dke CSS dk gksrk gSA tcfd Webpage dks Interactivity o Dynamic cukus dk dke JavaScript dk gksrk gSA blh rjg ls Website ds Back End dks rhu fgLlksa esa Divide fd;k tk ldrk gS%

1. Web Server or Host 2. Server Side Scripting Language 3. Server Side Database


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Core PHP in Hindi

lkekU;r% u, Programmers Web Clients o Web Server dks Bhd ls ugha le> ikrs tks mUgsa rsth ls Web Programming lh[kus esa dkQh ijs”kkuh esa iSnk djrk gSA blfy, lcls igys ;s le>uk t:jh gS fd vkf[kj ;s Web Site gksrh D;k gS vkSj yksx Web Site D;ksa cuokrs gSaA ;fn ge Root Level ij le>sa] rks ,d Web Sites dsoy fdlh Information dks Represent djus dk Electronic Medium gSA ;fn Professional “kCnksa esa dgsa rks ,d Web Site okLro esa ,d lcls de [kpsZ okyk rFkk Customers ds fy, lcls T;knk lqfo/kkiw.kZ rjhds ls fdlh Product ds ckjs esa Detail ls Information nsus okyk Advertising Medium gSA ftls fofHkUu Businessman vius fdlh Product dks Internet ds ek/;e ls Directly Sell djus vFkok fdlh Product dks Indirectly Promote djus ds fy, Develop djokrs gSaA D;k vkius dHkh lksapk gS fd Advertising dk ewy mn~ns”; D;k gksrk gS\ Advertising dk ewy mn~ns”; fdlh Product dh Direct Selling djuk vFkok Indirect Promoting djuk gh gksrk gS] rkfd ml Product ds Owner dk O;kikj c< ldsA Internet fdlh O;kikj dks c<kus esa Newspaper, Radio, Television vkfn dh rjg gh ,d cgqr cMk ek/;e gS] tgka djksMksa yksx fdlh Hkh le; Internet Surfing djrs gq, miyC/k jgrs gSa vkSj blhfy, fofHkUu Business Owners viuh Web Site cuokrs gSaA lkekU;r% u, Web Programmers ,d vkSj xyrh djrs gSaA mudk rdZ ;s gksrk gS fd lHkh Web Sites gesa”kk fdlh Product dh Selling ;k Promoting ugha djrha] cfYd T;knkrj Web Sites ij os tks Information ns[krs gSa] muesa dgha Hkh fdlh Hkh rjg ds Product dk ftØ ugha gksrkA mnkgj.k ds fy, Google, Yahoo vkfn Web Sites gSa] tks fcuk fdlh rjg dh Fees fy, gq, gesa Internet ij Searching djus dh lqfo/kk nsrs gSaA tcfd lPpkbZ ;s gS fd gj Web Site fdlh uk fdlh Product dh Selling ds fy, gh Develop dh tkrh gS vkSj tks Web Site Online Selling ;k Promotion ugha djrha] os Web Site T;knk le; rd Available ugha jgaarhaA u, Web Programmers Marketing Fundas o Advertising Tricks ls vufHkK gksrs gSaA mUgsa gj Web Site ij Selling ds fy, Product fn[kkbZ ugha nsrs] blfy, os le>rs gSa fd og Web Site eqQ~r esa lkjh tkudkjh ns jgk gS vkSj ;gha u, Web Programmers xyrh djrs gSaA lkekU;r% os le>rs gSa fd gj Product Physical gksrk gS] tks fd mudh lcls cMh Hkwy gSA Product gesa”kk Physical gh gks] ,slk t:jh ugha gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, ;fn ekuysa fd vkius viuh School dh i<kbZ iwjh dj yh vkSj vc vki fdlh Best MBA College esa Admission izkIr djuk pkgrs gSaA ;s tkuus ds fy, fd lcls vPNk MBA College dkSulk gS vkSj ogka D;k Fees gS] fdrus lky dk dkslZ gS] D;k Subjects i<k, tkrs gSa] iqjkus Students dh Job Placements dh D;k fLFkfr gS] vkfn fofHkUu izdkj dh tkudkfj;ksa dks izkIr djus ds fy, vki yksxksa ls iwNrs gSa vFkok vki Internet ij Surfing dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA tc vki Internet }kjk fdlh College dk Selection djuk pkgrs gSa] rkfd vki Best College esa Admission izkIr dj ldsa] rks okLro esa vki fofHkUu Colleges dh Advertising gh rks ns[k jgs gksrs gSaA D;ksafd vki ftl fdlh Hkh School ;k College esa


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Core PHP in Hindi

Admission ysaxs] og School ;k College vkils Fees ds :i esa iSlk olwy djsxk vkSj ;fn ml College us viuh Web Site u cuokbZ gksrh] rks vkidks ml College ds ckjs esa tkudkjh dSls feyrhA ;fn vki ml College ds ckjs esa Internet ds ek/;e ls tku ugha ikrs] rks vki ogka Admission dSls ysrs vkSj ;fn vki ml Internet }kjk Selected College esa Admission ugha ysrs] rks og College vkils Fees dSls olwyrkA ;fn /;ku ls ns[kk tk,] rks ;gka vkius ml College ls dqN ugha [kjhnk] fQj Hkh Qhl ds :i esa vkius mls iSlk fn;kA rks vki dSls dg ldrs gSa fd gj Web Site viuk Product Sell ugha djrh D;ksafd fdlh College ds fy, mlds Course gh mlds Products gSa vkSj dksbZ Service ;k Course dksbZ Physical oLrq ugha gksrh] fQj Hkh mls [kjhnk tkrk gSA ;kuh ewy :i ls le>us okyh ckr ;s gS fd Internet nqfu;ka dk ,d lcls cMk Advertising Medium gS vkSj gj Web Site fdlh u fdlh Product dh Advertising ds fy, gh cuk;h xbZ gksrh gS] fQj pkgs og Product Physical gks vFkok Virtual. tc Product Physical gksrk gS] rc Web Site ml Product dks Directly Offer djrh gSa] rkfd tks User ml Web Site dks ns[ks] os ml Product dks Directly Internet ds ek/;e ls Online [kjhn ldsa tcfd tks Product Directly Sellable ugha gksrs] tSls fd dksbZ Service ;k Course, mUgsa Internet ds ek/;e ls Promote fd;k tkrk gS] rkfd yksx mu Offer dh xbZ Services ds ckjs esa tkusa vkSj Web Site Owner dks T;knk ls T;knk Customers ;kuh Clients feysa] rkfd mldk O;kikj c< ldsA bl izfØ;k dks ge Indirect Selling ;k Promotion dg ldrs gSaA rks lkjka”k ds :i esa dgsa rks gj Web Site fdlh uk fdlh Businessman dh gh gksrh gS vkSj gj Businessman pkgrk gS fd mls T;knk ls T;knk Customers feysaA blfy, ,d Businessman ds utfj, ls le>sa] rks mldh Web Site dks Visit djus okyk gj User, mldk ,d Customer ;k Client gSA D;ksafd tks User fdlh Owner dh Web Site dks Visit djrk gS] ml User dks Hkh Client dgk tk ldrk gS] tcfd User ftl Owner dh Web Site dks Visit djrk gS] ml Web Site Owner dks Server Hkh dgk tk ldrk gS] D;ksafd og Owner vius User dks fdlh u fdlh rjg dh Physical Product ;k Virtual Service Provide djrk gSA ftl izdkj ls Real World esa Client o Server gksrs gSa] tSlkfd geus mijksDr Discussion }kjk le>k] mlh izdkj ls tc ge Web Development dh ckr djrs gSa] rc Hkh Client o Server gksrs gSa] ftUgsa lkekU;r% Web Client o Web Server dgk tkrk gSA Web Client o Web Server dks Web Development ds utfj, ls Bhd ls le>us ds fy, gesa nks Perspectives dks /;ku esa j[kuk gksrk gS] D;ksafd Web Client o Web Server] nksuksa nks Layers dk lewg gksrs gSa% Hardware Layer Software Layer User ftl Computer ;k Device tSls fd Computer, Laptop, Notebook, Mobile Phone vkfn ds ek/;e ls Internet dks Use djrk gS] og ek/;e Hardware Layer dks Represent djrk gSA tcfd og User viuh Device esa Installed ftl Software ds ek/;e ls Internet Surfing djrk gS] og ek/;e Software Layer dks Represent djrk gS] tks fd lkekU;r% Web Browser gksrk gSA


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Core PHP in Hindi

;kuh og Device, ftlds }kjk User Internet Use djrk gS] Hardware Client gSA lkFk gh ml Device esa Installed og Software tks fd lkekU;r% Web Browser gksrk gS] ftlds ek/;e ls User Internet Surfing djrk gS] Software Client gSA Software gesa”kk Hardware ij fuHkZj gksrs gSa vkSj ;s nksuksa gesa”kk lkFk esa gksrs gSa rHkh mi;ksxh gksrs gSaA ;kuh ;fn vkids ikl Computer gks] ysfdu ml Computer esa dksbZ Web Browser tSls fd Internet Explorer, Mozilla, Firefox, Safari, Chrome vkfn u gks] rks vki Internet Surfing ugha dj ldrs] D;ksafd dksbZ Hkh Device fcuk mi;qDr Software ds Electronic iqtksZa ds ,d Box ds vykok vkSj dqN ugha gksrk blfy, fcuk Web Browsers ds vkidk Computer vkidks Web Surfing ugha djok ldrkA tcfd ;fn nwljs rjhds ls ns[ksa] rks fcuk fdlh Hardware ds fdlh Software dk dksbZ vkSfpR; gh ugha gksrk D;ksafd Software gesa”kk fdlh u fdlh Hardware ds vUnj gh gksrk gSA ifj.kkeLo:i ;fn vkids ikl Internet Surfing djus ds fy, dksbZ Device gh ugha gS] rks fQj Software gks gh ugha ldrkA Hardware o Software ds bl Combination dks gh Web Client ;k Web Server dgk tkrk gSA ;kuh ,d User, tks fd fdlh Web Site dks Visit djrk gS] ,d Device, ftlds ek/;e ls User fdlh Web Site dks Visit djrk gS vkSj og Web Browser Software ftlds fcuk User fdlh Web Site dks Visit ugha dj ldrk] rhuksa dk Combined :i Web Client dks Represent djrk gS] ysfdu ,d Web Developer ds utfj, ls ge dsoy Web Browser dks gh Web Client ;k Client Software dgrs gSa D;ksafd Web Browser fdlh Device ij fuHkZj ugha gksrk blfy, gj Device esa leku ;k fHkUu Web Browser gks ldrk gS vkSj ,d Web Programmer ds :i esa gesa dsoy Web Browser ds ckjs esa gh lkspuk gksrk gSA vc ge Web Server ds ckjs esa le>rs gSaA Web Client ;kuh Device + Web Browser Software fdlh User dks ;s lqfo/kk nsrs gSa] fd og Internet ij fdlh rjg dh Request Perform dj ldsA mnkgj.k ds fy, tc User fdlh Web Site dk URL fdlh Web Browser ds Address Bar esa Fill djds Enter Key Press djrk gS vFkok HTML Web Page ij fn[kkbZ nsus okys fdlh Link dks Click djrk gS] rks okLro esa og ,d izdkj dh Request dj jgk gksrk gS] tks bl ckr dks Indicate djrk gS fd og ml URL ;k Link ls Associated Information dks tkuuk pkgrk gSA pwafd lkekU;r% ,d Device dks dsoy ,d gh User Use dj jgk gksrk gS vkSj og User ,d ckj esa dsoy ,d gh Request djrk gS] blfy, User ds Device dk High Quality o High Performance dk gksuk t:jh ugha gksrk] ysfdu User ftl Web Site dks Visit dj jgk gksrk gS] mlh le; mlh Web Site dks yk[kksa yksx Use dj jgs gks ldrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, ftl le; vki Google ij dqN Search dj jgs gksrs gSa] mlh le; yk[kksa yksx mlh Google ds mlh Home Page ij fdlh uk fdlh rjg dh Searching dj jgs gksrs gSaA bl fLFkfr esa ,d gh le; ij yk[kksa yksxksa dh Requirements dks lkekU; ls Computer ;k Mobile Phone Device }kjk iwjk fd;k tkuk lEHko ugha gks ldrkA blfy, User ftl Web Site dks Visit djrk gS] ml Web Site dks ,d cgqr gh High Power o High Quality ds Computer System ij Host fd;k tkuk t:jh gksrk gS] tks


17


Core PHP in Hindi

fd gj le; On jgsA bl High Power Configuration okys Computer System dks lkekU;r% Web Host dgk tkrk gSA gj High Configuration okyk Computer Web Host gksrk gS] ,slk le>uk xyr gSA vki vius Lo;a ds Computer dks Hkh Web Host dh rjg Use dj ldrs gSa vkSj vkxs vkus okys Contents esa ge ,slk djsaxs HkhA ysfdu D;ksafd ,d Web Host dks yk[kksa yksxksa dh Requests dks leku le; ij iwjk djus dh t:jr gks ldrh gS] blfy, Web Host Computers dk fdlh Hkh vU; Computer System dh rqyuk esa T;knk Powerful gksuk t:jh gksrk gSA fQj ls /;ku nsa fd ,d High Power Configuration okyk Computer System Bhd mlh rjg ls vk ldus okyh yk[kksa Requests dks vdsys Handle ugha dj ldrk] ftl rjg ls ,d User dk Device fcuk Client Software ds Web Surfing ugha dj ldrkA ;kuh bl High Power Compurgation okys Computer System dks Hkh ,d Software dh t:jr gksrh gS] tks vkus okyh Requests dks Handle djrk gSA ;s High Power Configuration okyk Computer System rks dsoy mu Requests dks iwjk djus dh xfr dks c<k nsrk gS] rkfd de ls de le; esa T;knk ls T;knk Users dh Requests dks iwjk fd;k tk ldsA bl Special Software dks Web Server Software dgrs gSaA Web Server Software dk gesa”kk fdlh High Configuration okys Computer System ij gh Install fd;k tk ldrk gS] ,slk ugha gS cfYd ge fdlh Hkh lkekU; ls Computer System ij Hkh bu Web Server Softwares dks Install dj ldrs gSa vkSj ftl Computer System ij fdlh Web Server Software dks Install djrs gSa] mlh Computer dks Web Server dgk tk ldrk gS] fQj Hkys gh og Computer lkekU; lk Pentium1 Processor okyk Computer gh D;ksa u gksA Web Server Software gh og Software gksrk gS] tks User }kjk vkus okyh Request dks Accept djrk gS vkSj User dks mldk okafNr ifj.kke Web Page ds :i esa fQj ls Serve djrk gS ;k fQj ls Hkstrk gS] ftls User dk Web Browser Receive djds User ds lkeus Render djrk gSA bl rjg ls vc ;fn ge lkjka”k ds :i esa le>sa] rks User + User Device + Web Browser dk Combination Web Client dks Represent djrk gS] tcfd ,d Web Developer ds fy, Coding ds fygkt ls dsoy Web Browser egRoiw.kZ gksrk gSA tcfd Host Computer System + Web Server + Web Developer + Web Site Owner dk Combination Web Server dgykrk gS] ysfdu ,d Web Developer ds fy, Coding ds fygkt ls dsoy Web Server dks egRoiw.kZ gksrk gS] gkykafd gesa Web Browser dh rqyuk esa Web Server ds lkFk cgqr de dke djuk gksrk gSA orZeku le; esa ewy :i ls IIS o Apache uke ds nks Web Servers lcls T;knk mi;ksx esa fy, tkrs gSaA IIS, Windows Operating System ds fy, Microsoft Company }kjk cuk;k x;k Web Server gS] blfy, bl ij Microsoft Technology dh Programming Languages tSls fd ASP ;k ASP.NET esa cuk, x, Web Applications T;knk vklkuh o lqfo/kkiq.kZ rjhds ls Run gksrs gSaA


18


Core PHP in Hindi

tcfd Apache, Linux ds fy, Develop fd;k x;k Web Server gS] tks Server Side Scripting Language ds :i esa Perl, PHP vkfn dks T;knk csgrj rjhds ls Access djrk gSA Server Side dh Scripting Language ds :i esa lkekU;r;k ASP, PHP, JSP vkfn dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] tcfd Website ls lacaf/kr Data dks ftl Software esa Store fd;k tkrk gS] mls Database Software dgk tkrk gS] tks fd lkekU;r;k MSSQL, MySql vkfn gksrk gSA Client Side ls vkus okys Data dks fdl izdkj ls Process djuk gS] bl ckr dk fu.kZ; Server Side Scripting Language ysrk gS vkSj Data dks Process djus ds ckn mls tgka Store fd;k tkrk gS] og DBMS Software gksrk gS ysfdu Scripting Language }kjk vkus okys Data dks DBMS Software esa Store o Manage dSls djuk gS] bl ckr dk fu.kZ; iwjh rjg ls DBMS Software ysrk gSA pwafd Internet iwjh rjg ls Client-Server Architecture Technology ij vk/kkfjr gS] ftlds gesa”kk nks vkSj FkksMk vkSj xgjkbZ esa tkus ij rhu fgLls gksrs gSa] ftUgsa 2-Tier o 3-Tier Architecture dgk tkrk gSA 2-Tier Architecture esa ewy :i ls Client o Server gksrs gSa] ftuds ckjs esa vki mijksDr Discussion }kjk vPNh rjg ls le> x, gksaxsA tcfd 3-Tier Architecture esa Client o Server ds vykok ,d Business Tier ;k Logic Tier Hkh gksrk gS] tks fd fofHkUu izdkj ds Business Logics dks Handle djrk gSA lkekU;r% ;s rhljk Tier, DBMS Software dk fgLlk gksrk gS vkSj Client Tier o Server Tier ds chp esa viuk Role Play djrk gSA pfy,] vc ge mijksDr Discussion dks lkjka”k ds :i esa ,d ckj Revise djrs gq, le>rs gSa fd D;k vkSj dSls gksrk gS\

1 lcls igys User fdlh Web Site dk Address Web Browser ds Address Bar esa Place djds Enter Key Press djrk gS vFkok fdlh Web Site ds HTML Page ij fn[kkbZ nsus okys Link ij Click djrk gSA

2 Web Browser User }kjk Specified URL dks Web Server ij Hkstrk gS vkSj

ml Resource ds fy, Web Server ls Request djrk gSA 3 Web Server, Web Browser ls vkus okys Request dks Identify djrk gS vkSj

ns[krk gS fd og Resource dksbZ Static Web Page gS ;k Dynamic Web Page gSA

4 ;fn Requested Resource Static Web Page gksrk gS] rks Web Server ml

Resource dks Specified URL ds vuqlkj vius Web Host ij Search djrk gS vkSj Resource fey tkus dh fLFkfr esa og Resource fQj ls Web Browser dks Hkstrs gq, Request dks iwjk djrk gSA

tcfd Resource ds Host ij Available u gksus dh fLFkfr esa ,d Error Return djrk gS] tks bl ckr dks Specify djrk gS fd Specified Resource Host ij Available ugha gSA


19


Core PHP in Hindi

5 ;fn Requested Resource Dynamic Web Page gksrk gS] rks Web Server ml Resource dks Specified URL ds vuqlkj viuh Scripting Language ij Parsing ds fy, Hkstrk gSA

;fn Windows dk Web Host gks] rks Scripting Language ds :i esa lkekU;r% ASP ;k ASP.NET Scripting Language vkus okyh Request dks Process djrk gS tcfd ;fn Linux dk Web Host gks] rks PHP, Perl tSlh Scripting Languages vkus okyh Request dh Processing djrs gSaA ;fn Data dks Store ;k Access djus ds fy, Server Side esa fdlh DBMS Software dks Use fd;k x;k gks] rks Scripting Languages vius Associated DBMS Software ij Data dks Store ;k Access djus ds fy, DBMS Software ls Request djrk gSA DBMS Software, Scripting Language }kjk vkus okyh Request dks Fulfill djus ds fy, vius Business Tier esa Specify fd, x, Business Rules o IO Rules dks Data ij Apply djrk gS vkSj Business Rules o IO Rules ds iwjh rjg ls Satisfy gksus dh fLFkfr esa Scripting Language dks Requested Data Return djrk gS vFkok vkus okys Processed Data dks DBMS Software esa Store djds Scripting Language dks bl ckr dh tkudkjh nsrk gS fd mlus viuk dke iwjk dj fn;k gSA tcfd ;fn DBMS Software ij vkus okyh Request ls DBMS Software ds Business Tier ij Specified fdlh rjg dk Business ;k IO Rules dk Violation feyrk gS] rks DBMS Software, Scripting Language dks ,d Appropriate Error Message Return djrk gSA nksuksa gh fLFkfr;ksa esa Scripting Language dks DBMS Software ls dksbZ Output feyrk gS] ftlds vk/kkj ij og viuk Resultant Web Page Reformat djrk gS vkSj Web Server dks bl ckr dk Instruction nsrk gS fd og Web Browser }kjk Requested Resource dks Serve dj ldrk gSA

6 Scripting Language ls Formatted Resultant Web Page rS;kj gks tkus dh tkudkjh fey tkus ds ckn Web Server ml Resultant Web Page dks fQj ls Web Browser dks Return dj nsrk gSA

7 Web Browser, Web Server ls vkus okys Resultant Web Page dks fQj ls

Render dj nsrk gSA lcls igys Web Browser vkus okys Web Page ds HTML Codes ds vuqlkj Web Page dks Structure djrk gSA fQj ml ij fofHkUu Inline o Outline CSS Rules Apply djrk gS vkSj vUr esa JavaScript ds Behaviors dks Apply djds User ds lkeus Interactive Web Page Render dj nsrk gSA

bl izdkj ls User }kjk ,d Request iwjh gksus esa mijksDr lHkh Steps Follow gksrs gSaA pwafd Static Web Page dh Request iwjh gksus esa Dynamic Web Page dh rqyuk esa de Steps Follow gksrs gSa] blfy, Static Site dh Speed, Dynamic Site dh Speed ls gesa”kk de gksrh gSA


20


Core PHP in Hindi

Web Development Sequence and Used Technologies mijksDr Discussion ls ,d vkSj ckr lkeus vkrh gS fd ,d Dynamic Web Site de ls de 6 Techniques ds Mixture ls curh gS vkSj ;fn ge FkksMk vkSj xgjkbZ esa tk,sa] vkSj Web Site dks FkksMk lk Hkh Dynamic o Interactive cukuk pkgsa] rks vkSj Hkh cgqr lkjh Technologies viuk Role Play djrh gSaA pfy,] FkksMk lk bl fo’k; esa Hkh tku ysrs gSaA tc fdlh Web Site dks cukuk gksrk gS] rks lcls igys ml Web Site ds Look dks r; fd;k tkrk gS fd vkf[kj og Web Site cuus ds ckn vUr esa User dks dSlh fn[kkbZ nsxhA pwafd ,d Web Site dks vPNk fn[kkus ds fy, dbZ rjg ds Colors] Graphics o Fonts vkfn Use fd, tkrs gSa] blfy, lcls igys t:jr iMrh gS ,d Graphics Designer dhA Graphics Designer lcls igys Businessman dh t:jrksa dks le>rs gq, fdlh Hkh Web Site dk ,d Drawing Create djrk gSA ;s Drawing Create djus ds fy, og fofHkUu izdkj ds Graphics Tools tSls fd Photoshop, CorelDraw, Illustrator, Fireworks, GIMP vkfn Use djrk gS vkSj Web Site dk Logo o fofHkUu izdkj ds vU; Graphics ds lkFk Web Site dk Layout Hkh Design djrk gS vkSj Web Site Owner ;kuh ml Businessman dks fn[kkrk gS] tks Web Site cuokuk pkgrk gSA tc Site Owner viuh Web Site ds Design, Layout o Graphics ls iwjh rjg ls lUrq’V gks tkrk gS] rc og Graphics Designer vius Graphics dks Web Site ds Front End Designer dks nsrk gSA ;fn Graphics Designer dks vius dke dk vPNk Kku gks] rks lkekU;r% og Front Designer dks vius Graphics ds lkFk ml Graphics ds Slice Create djds Hkh nsrk gS] ftlls Front Designer dks bl ckr dk irk py tkrk gS fd fdl Slice dks dgka Use djuk gSA Graphics Designer dk dke ;gka lekIr gks tkrk gSA vc “kq: gksrk gS Front End Designer dk dkeA Front End Designer Web Site ds Layout ds Drawing ds vk/kkj ij HTML Coding dks Use djrs gq, Web Site dk Structure Create djrk gS vkSj bl Structure ds lkFk CSS dks Use djrs gq, Web Site dh Styling djrk gSA Web Site fcYdqy oSlh gh fn[kkbZ ns] tSlk Graphics Designer us cuk;k gS] blds fy, Front End Designer, Graphics Designer }kjk fn, x, Graphics Slices dks vius CSS esa t:jr ds vuqlkj Use djrk gS vkSj fcYdqy ogh Look HTML + CSS }kjk Generate djrk gS] tSlk Graphics Designer us cuk;k gSA dbZ ckj Web Sites esa Businessman dh bPNkuqlkj Animation tSlh lqfo/kk izkIr djuh gksrh gSA bl fLFkfr lkekU;r% Flash Designer dh t:jr iMrh gS] D;ksafd lkekU;r% Animation dk dke Flash Designers gh djrs gSaA oSls vc ubZ Technology ds vuqlkj HTML5 esa JavaScript API }kjk SVG Technology dk iz;ksx djds Hkh Graphics o Animation Develop fd;k tkus yxk gSA ;fn Front End Designer HTML o CSS ds vykok JavaScript Hkh tkurk gks] rks og Web Site ds Front End dks vkSj csgrj o Interactive cukus ds fy, JavaScript ds Codes dks Use djrk gSA lkekU;r% JavaScript ds LFkku ij jQuery, Dojo, YUI tSls


21


Core PHP in Hindi

fdlh Framework dks Hkh Use dj ldrk gS] tks fd Front End dks vklkuh ls Interactive cukus ds fy, Develop fd, x, Frameworks gSaA tc ckr JavaScript dh vkrh gS] rc Front End esa dbZ vkSj Technologies tqM tkrh gSaA orZeku le; esa ,slh Web Sites cgqr T;knk cukbZ tkus yxh gSa] ftlesa fofHkUu izdkj dh t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, Web Site ckj&ckj Web Browser esa Reload ugha gksrk cfYd Web Browser leku Web Page esa gh vyx&vyx Contents dks Display djrk jgrk gSA bl t:jr dks iwjk djus ds fy, lkekU;r% AJAX rduhd dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA AJAX ,d ,slh rduhd gS] tks fd JavaScript o XML dk feJ.k gS] tks fd User dh tkudkjh ds fcuk Current Web Page esa gh Server ls u, Content dh Request djrk gS vkSj vkus okys u, Content dks fcuk Web Page dks fQj ls Web Browser esa Reload fd, gq, User ds lkeus Render dj nsrk gSA blfy, tc ge AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) dh ckr djrs gSa] rc gesa XML dks Hkh FkksMk cgqr le>uk t:jh gks tkrk gS] vU;Fkk ge AJAX Technology dks csgrj rjhds ls Use ugha dj ldrs] tks fd Current Market dh Requirement gSA Front End dks rsth ls Develop djuk fdlh Hkh Web Development Company dh ewy t:jr gksrk gS rkfd tYnh ls tYnh og vius Client ls viuh Develop dh xbZ Web Site dk iSlk olwy dj lds vkSj Fast Front End Development ds fy, t:jh gS fd Front End Developer JavaScript }kjk ugha cfYd fdlh JavaScript Framework dks Use djds Front End dks Interactive cuk,A lkekU;r% ;fn cgqr gh T;knk t:jr u gks] rks fdlh Hkh Company esa vc Directly JavaScript ds Codes Create ugha fd, tkrs] cfYd JavaScript ds LFkku ij blds Frameworks tSls fd jQuery, MooTools, Dojo, YUI, Prototypes vkfn dks Use fd;k tkrk gS] D;ksafd ;s Frameworks ftl dke dks 1 Line ds Codes ls iwjk dj nsrs gSa] mUgha dkeksa dks ;fn Pure JavaScript }kjk iwjk fd;k tk, rks de ls de 10 ls 20 Lines dk Code fy[kuk iMsxk lkFk gh vyx&vyx Web Browsers ds fy, vyx&vyx JavaScript Codes fy[kus dh t:jr Hkh iM ldrh gS] tcfd ;s Frameworks Cross Browser Format esa Develop fd, x, gSaA ;kuh vkidks vyx&vyx Web Browsers ds fy, vyx&vyx Framework Codes fy[kus dh t:jr ugha jgrh gSA tc ge JavaScript Frameworks dh ckr djrs gSa] rc gesa JavaScript ds Object Oriented Concept ij /;ku nsuk iMrk gS vkSj JavaScript ds Object Oriented Concept esa fofHkUu izdkj ds Data dks ftl Format esa Use o Access fd;k tkrk gS] og ,d Special Format gS] ftls JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) dgk tkrk gS vkSj ,d Front End Designer dks bls Hkh le>us dh t:jr iMrh gSA JavaScript dk iz;ksx dsoy Web Page dks Interactive cukus ds fy, gh ugha fd;k tkrk] cfYd bldk fodkl rks ewy :i ls Client Side Validation ds fy, fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj vkt Hkh JavaScript bl dke dks c[kwch djrk gSA ysfdu tc Client Side Validation dh ckr vkrh gS] rc ckr vkrh gS HTML Forms dh vkSj HTML Forms ;kuh Data, User Input djsxk vkSj pwafd Data, User Input djsxk] rks ge User }kjk Input fd, tkus okys Data ij dHkh fo”okl ugha dj ldrsA


22


Core PHP in Hindi

blfy, gesa Client Side esa gh ;s r; djuk iMrk gS fd User, Form ds fdlh Field esa ,slh dksbZ Information u Fill djs] tks fd xyr gks ;k gekjh Web Site ds fy, gkfudkjd gks ldrh gksA QyLo:i gesa Client Side ds Form ds Fields esa Entered Text dks Validation ds fy, Check djus dh t:jr iMrh gS vkSj Client Side esa ;s dke Regular Expressions }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA ;s rks gqbZ Client Side dh ckr] vc pyrs gSa Server Side esaA tc ge Server Side dh ckr djrs gSa rc XML, JSON o Regular Expression fQj ls dke vkrs gSa] ysfdu Client Side dh rqyuk esa Server Side esa budh T;knk t:jr iMrh gSA D;ksafd Client Side esa tks Data, Server ls Hkstk tkrk gS] T;knkrj ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa og Data XML ;k JSON Format esa gh Hkstk tkrk gS] rkfd Client Side esa JavaScript ml Data dks User ds Web Browser esa t:jr ds vuqlkj Render dj ldsA ;kuh ge XML o JSON dks NksM ugha ldrsA gesa buds ckjs esa Hkh t:jr ds vuqlkj FkksMk cgqr rks tkuuk gh gksxkA tc ge Server Side Scripting dh ckr djrs gSa] rc gesa FkksMk&cgqr Apache ;k IIS Web Servers ds ckjs esa Hkh tkuus dh t:jr iMrh gS] rkfd ge Special Types dh t:jrksa dks Web Server ds ek/;e ls Hkh iwjk dj ldsaA lkekU;r% Web Server ds lkFk Hkh gesa Regular Expressions dks Use djus dh t:jr iMrh gSA Server Side Scripting ds fo’k; esa ckr djsa] rks fcuk DBMS Software ds dksbZ Hkh Dynamic Web Site ugha cukbZ tk ldrhA blfy, gesa fdlh u fdlh DBMS Software dks Hkh Bhd ls le>uk t:jh gks tkrk gSA yxHkx lHkh DBMS Softwares 80% Common gksrs gSa] ysfdu fQj Hkh ;fn ge Microsoft Technology ij vk/kkfjr Web Site cuk jgs gSa] rks gesa IIS, ASP ;k ASP.NET rFkk MSSQL Server ;k MS-Access ds ckjs esa tkuus dh t:jr iMrh gS D;ksafd Microsoft Technology esa bUgha Server Side Scripting Languages, Web Servers o DBMS Softwares dks Use o Access djuk gksrk gSA ;fn ge ASP.NET dh ckr djsa rks gesa Server Side Language ds :i esa VB.NET ;k C#.NET dks Use djuk iMrk gS] D;ksafd ASP.NET esa Scripting Language ds :i esa bUgha esa ls fdlh ,d ;k nksuksa dks T;knk Use fd;k tkrk gSA gkykafd ;s nksuksa Programming Languages Windows Operating System ds Desktop Applications cukus ds fy, Hkh mi;ksxh gksrs gSa o orZeku le; esa cgqr Use fd, tkrs gSaA tcfd ;fn ge Linux Web Host Use djrs gSa] rks gesa Scripting Language ds :i esa PHP, Perl tSlh Languages dks Use djuk iMrk gS tcfd DBMS Software ds :i esa MySql dks T;knk Use fd;k tkrk gS lkFk gh gesa Apache Web Server dks Hkh FkksMk cgqr le>uk t:jh gks tkrk gSA tc bruh lkjh Technologies dh t:jr ,d Web Site cukus ds fy, iMrh gS] rks bruh lkjh Technologies dks Bhd ls Manage o Maintain djus ds fy, Hkh ,d Special Software dh t:jr iMrh gS] ftls IDE (Integrated Development Environment) dgrs gSaA


23


Core PHP in Hindi

IDE ds :i esa vkidks MS-Visual Studio, Eclipse, NetBeans, DreamWeaver esa ls ,d ;k ,d ls T;knk dks lh[kus dh t:jr iM ldrh gS] D;ksafd T;knkrj Companies esa bUgha esa ls ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd IDEs esa dke fd;k tkrk gS] rkfd Development dks Fast o Manageable rjhds ls fd;k tk ldsA rks D;k vki vUnktk yxk ik, fd fdruh Technologies dh t:jr iM ldrh gS ,d Web Site cukus ds fy,] tcfd lHkh izdkj dh t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, buds vykok Hkh dbZ vU; Technologies gSa] ftUgsa lh[kus dh t:jr iM ldrh gSA pfy,] ns[krs gSa%

1 Photoshop (Illustrator, Fireworks, CorelDraw, GIMP) 2 Adobe Flash 3 HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) 4 CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) 5 JavaScript 6 JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) 7 XML (eXtensible Markup Language) 8 AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) 9 Regular Expressions 10 Apache or IIS Web Server 11 PHP/Perl or ASP.NET (VB or C# or Both) 12 MySql or MSSQL Server 13 MS-Visual Studio, Eclipse, NetBeans, DreamWeaver

D;k vkidks yxrk gS fd ;s lHkh Technologies vki Lo;a vdsys lh[ksa vkSj fQj vius Lrj ij Lo;a iwjh Web Site cuk,saA ;fn vki ,slk lksaprs gSa] rks igyh ckr rks ;s gS fd bruh Technologies dks vPNh rjg ls lh[kus ds fy, vkids fy, 5 lky Hkh de iMsaxs vkSj nwljh ckr ;s gS fd tc rd vki igyh Technology ls vkf[kjh Technology rd lh[ksaxs] rc rd ikapoh Technology rd brus u, Versions vk tk,saxs] fd vkidks fQj ls igyh Technology dks lh[kuk iMsxk vkSj ;s izfØ;k Recursive rjhds ls iwjh ftUnxh py ldrh gSA ;kuh vki dHkh Hkh lHkh Technologies dks Lo;a vdsys Mastering Level rd ugha lh[k ldrsA blhfy, fdlh Hkh Company esa dbZ rjg ds Departments gksrs gSa vkSj gj Department esa viuh rjg dk Development gksrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, Graphics Designer dk viuk dke gksrk gS vkSj mls Front End ;k Back End Coding ls dksbZ eryc ugha gksrkA Front End Department dks Back End Department ds Developers o Graphics Designer ls dksbZ eryc ugha gksrkA blh rjg ls Back End Designer dks Front End o Graphics Designer ls dksbZ eryc ugha gksrkA ;gka rd fd Back End Script Writer dks Back End Database Designer o Analyst ls Hkh dksbZ eryc ugha gksrkA ;kuh ljy rjhds ls dgsa] rks mijksDr lHkh fo’k;ksa dks ewy :i ls pkj Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tk ldrk gS vkSj pkjksa Hkkxksa ds yksx dsoy vius dke dks gh Best rjhds ls iwjk djrs gSa] dj ldrs gSa%


24


Core PHP in Hindi

Graphics Designer Graphics Designer dk iwjk /;ku Graphics Develop djus ij gksrk gS vkSj ,d Graphics Designer dks Photoshop, Illustrator, Fireworks, CorelDraw, GIMP, Flash vkfn Technologies dks gh Best rjhds ls lh[kuk gksrk gSA

Front End Designer

Front End Designer dk iwjk /;ku Web Site dk Front ;kuh Layout cukus ij gksrk gS vkSj ,d Front End Designer dks HTML, CSS, JavaScript, JSON, XML, AJAX, Regular Expressions vkfn Front End Designing ls lacaf/kr Technologies dks gh Best rjhds ls lh[kuk gksrk gSA

Back End Designer

Back End Designer dk iwjk /;ku Back End Technologies ij gksrk gS vkSj ,d Back End Designer dks JSON, XML, AJAX, Regular Expressions, Apache or IIS Web Server, PHP/Perl or ASP.NET (VB or C# or Both) dks gh Best rjhds ls lh[kuk gksrk gSA

;gka Hkh ;fn Microsoft Technology dks egRo fn;k tk jgk gS] rks PHP o Perl tSlh Languages dks lh[kuk t:jh ugha gS] tcfd Linux Technology dks egRo nsus dh fLFkfr esa ASP.NET, VB, C# dks lh[kuk t:jh ugha gSA

Database Designer

Database Designer dk eq[; dke Web Site Owner dh t:jr ds vuqlkj fofHkUu izdkj ds Data dks Best rjhds ls Database esa Store djus, Access djus dh lqfo/kk nsus o Database dks Maintain djus o Database dh Performance dks cuk, j[kus ls lacaf/kr gksrk gS blfy, ,d Database Designer dks dsoy bUgha t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ls lacaf/kr Technologies dks vPNh rjg ls lh[kuk gksrk gSA

;fn ,d Database Designer Windows Technology dks Handle djrk gS] rks mls dsoy MS-Window, MSSQL Server ;k MS-Access ds ckjs esa Best rjhds ls tkuuk gksrk gS tcfd Linux Technology dks Use djus dh fLFkfr esa mls Linux rFkk MySql tSls Database Software dks vPNh rjg ls le>uk gksrk gSA

vc loky ;s gS fd D;k gj Company esa ;s pkjksa fgLls gksrs gSa vkSj D;k gj Company esa brus lkjs izdkj ds Developers gksus t:jh gksrs gSa\ rks tokc gS] gkaA yxHkx gj Company esa brus izdkj ds Developers t:j gksrs gSaA rks vc nwljk loky ;s gS fd D;k ge fcuk bu fofHkUu izdkj ds Developers dks Hire fd, gq, NksVs Lrj ij viuk Web Development dk dke “kq: ugha dj ldrs\ rks bl loky dk tokc gS gka vkSj nwljk tokc gS ughaA gesa bu lHkh izdkj ds Developers dh t:jr t:j gksrh gS] rHkh dksbZ Web Site Bhd ls cu ldrh gS vkSj yEcs le; rd Maintain dh tk ldrh gS] ysfdu bldk eryc ;s ugha gS fd ;s lHkh Developers Physically gekjs ikl gksaA eryc\

eryc ;s gS fd brus izdkj ds High Profile Developers dks Hire djuk dkQh egaxk dke gks ldrk gS] tcfd yxHkx 80% Web Sites bruh Typical ugha gksrha] fd muds fy, vyx ls Database Designers o Back End Developers dh t:jr gks vkSj bu yksxksa ds Replacement ds :i esa gesa nwljk Option feyrk gS Frameworks dkA


25


Core PHP in Hindi

Frameworks ,sls Software Packages gksrs gSa] tks cMh gh vklkuh ls fofHkUu izdkj dh Back End t:jrksa dks Internally iwjk dj nsrs gSa] ftudks Develop djus ds fy, gesa vyx ls Designers Hire djus dh t:jr ugha iMrhA ;kuh ,d Front End Designer cMh gh vklkuh ls bu Frameworks dk iz;ksx djds Backend Requirements dks Fulfill dj ldrk gSA

Frameworks nks izdkj ds gksrs gSaA igyk Content Management System dgykrk gS tcfd nwljk Application Management System dgykrk gSA

Content Management System ds :i esa WordPress, Drupal, Joomla dks T;knk mi;ksx esa fy;k tkrk gS] tcfd Application Management Framework ds :i esa Symphony, CodeIgnitor, CakePHP, vkfn dks Use fd;k tkrk gSA

Server Side Back End Developer Requirement dks rks ,d Front End Designer fofHkUu izdkj ds Frameworks dk iz;ksx djds iwjk dj ldrk gS] ysfdu Front End Designer ds fy, rks fQj Hkh dbZ Technologies dks lh[kuk t:jh gksxkA ;fn vki ,slk lksap jgs gSa] rks vki xyr lksap jgs gSaA ftl rjg ls Server Side t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, Frameworks gSa] mlh rjg ls Client Side t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, Hkh Frameworks gSaA Client Side esa ewy :i ls HTML o CSS ,slh Technologies gSa] tks lHkh Front End Designers dks lh[kuh gh pkfg,] vU;Fkk os Front End dks Bhd ls Control ugha dj ldrsA ysfdu tc ckr JavaScript dh vkrh gS] rc JavaScript ds dbZ Frameworks gSa] ftudk iz;ksx JavaScript ds LFkku ij fd;k tk ldrk gSA

jQuery, MooTools, Dojo, YUI, Prototypes vkfn fofHkUu izdkj ds JavaScript Frameworks ds mnkgj.k gSa] ftuesa ls jQuery eq>s Personally cgqr ilUn gS D;ksafd bls lh[kuk o Use djuk ckdh lHkh vU; Frameworks dh rqyuk esa vklku gSA ;fn vki CSS tkurs gSa] rks le> yhft, fd vki cgqr gh vklkuh ls jQuery dks mi;ksx esa ys ldrs gSa vkSj cgqr T;knk rsth ls viuh Web Site dh Interactivity o Validation Related t:jrksa dks iwjk dj ldrs gSaA

tc vki bu esa ls fdlh Framework dks Use djrs gSa] rc Hkh ;fn vki vU; Technologies dks Bhd ls le>us ds fy, lh[krs gSa] rks vPNk gS ysfdu t:jh ugha gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, ;fn vki dsoy jQuery dks Bhd ls le> ysrs gSa] rks vki vklkuh ls AJAX lacaf/kr Dynamic t:jrksa dks 4 – 5 Line ds Code }kjk iwjk dj ldrs gSaA vkidks blds fy, vyx ls JavaScript o XML lh[kus dh t:jr ugha gSA

XML, JSON, Regular Expression vkfn dks jQuery ;k vU; Frameworks Lo;a Internally Handle djrk gS] blfy, bu Technologies dks T;knk xgjkbZ ls le>us dh t:jr ugha jg tkrhA Pure JavaScript dh t:jr yxHkx lekIr gh gks tkrh gS] tcfd bu Frameworks dk iz;ksx djds vki Flash tSlk Animation Hkh izkIr dj ldrs gSaA

tgka rd Graphics Designer dh ckr gS] rks Internet ij gtkjksa ,slh Web Sites gSa] tks Free Web Site Templates Provide djrh gSaA fdlh Hkh vPNs ls Template dks Download djds cMh gh vklkuh ls viuh t:jr ds vuqlkj mls Modify fd;k tk ldrk


26


Core PHP in Hindi

gSA blfy, ;fn Graphics Designer ds utfj, ls ns[ksa] rks gesa vyx ls fdlh Graphics Designer dh Hkh t:jr Compulsory :i ls ugha gSA

;kuh ;fn vc ge ;s tkuuk pkgsa fd gesa dqy fdruh rduhdksa dks ,d Web Site cukus ds fy, t:jh :i ls lh[kuk gksxk] rks ;s List vc dkQh NksVh gks ldrh gS vkSj ;s List fuEukuqlkj gS%

1 HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) 2 CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) 3 JavaScript Frameworks like jQuery, MooTools, Dojo, YUI, Prototypes,

etc… 4 Server Side Framework like Symphony, WordPress, MODx, CodeIgnitor,

etc… 5 PHP/Perl or ASP.NET (VB or C# or Both) 6 MS-Visual Studio, Eclipse, NetBeans, DreamWeaver IDE

mijksDr List dks ns[ksa rks ;s List vc igys dh rqyuk esa vk/kh gks pqdh gSA ifj.kkeLo:i fofHkUu izdkj ds Professional Developers dh t:jr Hkh yxHkx lekIr gks pqdh gSA

gkykafd Frameworks dk iz;ksx djds ge cMh gh vklkuh ls de le; esa T;knk Development dj ldrs gSa] ysfdu fQj Hkh JavaScript o PHP dks t:j vPNh rjg ls lh[kuk pkfg,A D;ksafd lHkh Front Side Frameworks iwjh rjg ls JavaScript ij vk/kkfjr gksrs gSa tcfd Linux Based yxHkx T;knkrj Back End Frameworks PHP Based gksrs gSaA

Window Based Web Servers ds fy, gesa VB.Net ;k C#.Net dks lh[kuk t:jh gksrk gS] D;ksafd Windows Based Frameworks gkykafd cgqr de gSa] ysfdu tks Hkh gSa os iwjh rjg ls bUgha nksuksa Languages ij vk/kkfjr gSaA

JavaScript dks Bhd ls le>k rks fdlh Hkh Framework dks cMh gh vklkuh ls mi;ksx esa ysuk lh[k ldrs gSa tcfd PHP dks le> dj cMh gh vklkuh ls fdlh Hkh Server Side Framework dks rst xfr ls lh[k ldrs gSaA

bu nksuksa Languages dks vPNh rjg ls lh[kuk blfy, Hkh t:jh gS D;ksafd vyx&vyx Companies esa vyx&vyx rjg dh t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, Frameworks Use djus iMrs gSa] ftudk Decision, Company Owner Project dh t:jr ds vk/kkj ij ysrk gSA bl fLFkfr esa fdlh ,d ;k nks Framework dks lh[k dj Company esa Long Term Job dh mEehn ugha dh tk ldrhA

ysfdu ;fn lHkh Frameworks ds vk/kkj dks lh[k fy;k tk,] rks Long Term Job dh Guarantee gksrh gS] D;ksafd ml fLFkfr esa ge cMh gh vklkuh vkSj cgqr gh rst xfr ls mu Root Languages ij vk/kkfjr fdlh Hkh Framework dks lh[k ldrs gSaA rks vc ;fn ge ewy :i ls ;s tkuuk pkgsa fd fdu Technologies dks Compulsory :i ls lh[kuk t:jh gS] rks os Technologies fuEukuqlkj gksaxh%

1 HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) 2 CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) 3 JavaScript


27


Core PHP in Hindi

4 PHP or ASP.NET bl List esa geus fdlh IDE dks Specify ugha fd;k gS D;ksafd tc ge fdlh Hkh Language esa Coding djuk lh[krs gSa] rc buesa ls fdlh Hkh IDE esa dke djuk “kq: dj ldrs gSa vkSj ;s IDE Automatically /khjs&/khjs le> esa vk tkrs gSaA ;kuh bUgsa vyx ls lh[kus dh t:jr ugha gksrh] blfy, geus bUgsa gekjh List ls gVk fn;k gSA bl rjg ls vkidks ewyr% mijksDr 4 Technologies dks Bhd ls lh[kuk gksrk gS] rkfd vki ,d Web Developer cu ldsa vkSj tSlkfd vki tkurs gSa fd ge bl iqLrd esa PHP lh[kus okys gSa D;ksafd bl iqLrd dks vkius PHP lh[kus ds fy, gh [kjhnk gSA gkykafd PHP iwjh rjg ls HTML vkSj ewy :i ls HTML ds Forms ls lacaf/kr gSA blfy, bl iqLrd dks Bhd ls le>us ds fy, vkidks HTML dk vkSj fo”ks’k :i ls HTML ds Forms Part dk vPNk Kku gksuk t:jh gSA pwafd JavaScript AJAX rduhd dk iz;ksx djrs gq, PHP Pages dh Hkh Request dj ldrk gS] blfy, ;fn vkidks JavaScript dk Hkh vPNk Kku gks] rks PHP dks JavaScript dh AJAX rduhd ds lkFk Use djrs gq, vki vkSj Hkh csgrj o T;knk Interactive Web Site cuk ldrs gSa] ysfdu JavaScript dk Kku gksuk Compulsory ugha gSA


28


Core PHP in Hindi

PHP History

& introduCtion


29


Core PHP in Hindi

PHP – History and Introduction PHP dks Rasmus Lerdorf uke ds Canada fuoklh Programmer us fodflr fd;k FkkA okLro esa Rasmus us lcls igys Perl Scripts dk ,d lewg Create fd;k vkSj ml Perl Scripts ds lewg dks “Personal Home Page Tools” (PHP Tools) uke fn;k FkkA bl lewg dks Rasmus us vius Personal Homepage dks Maintain djus ds fy, Develop fd;k FkkA ;s Scripts Rasmus ds Resume o Web Pages dks Display o Maintain djus ds fy, Develop fd;k FkkA tcfd Rasmus us PHP dh Public Announcing 8 June, 1995 dks fd;kA ckn esa Rasmus us bu Scripts dks CGI Binaries ds :i esa “C” Programming Language esa fy[kk] rkfd bu Scripts }kjk os HTML Forms o Database ds lkFk Communication dj ldsa vkSj blh Scripts ds lewg dks “Personal Home Page/Forms Interpreter” ;k PHP/FI uke fn;kA bu Scripts dk iz;ksx djds vklkuh ls Simple Dynamic Applications cuk, tk ldrs FksA blh PHP/FI ds First Version dks Rasmus us 8 June 1995 dks Publicly Announce fd;k FkkA bl Release esa os lHkh Basic Functionalities Fkha] tks vkt ds PHP esa gSaA blesa Perl dh rjg Variables Fks rFkk Form Handling dh lqfo/kk o Embedded HTML dh lqfo/kk FkhA blds Syntax iwjh rjg ls Perl Language dh rjg FksA PHP/FI ds igys nks Versions dks Rasmus us Lo;a gh Develop fd;k Fkk] ysfdu rhljs Version dks Develop djus ds fy, iwjh ,d Team us dke fd;k FkkA QyLo:i bl Scripting Language dk uke cny dj “Hypertext Pre-Processor” j[kk x;k ftldk Short Form PHP gSA PHP ds ikapos Version rd PHP fcYdqy Hkh Stable ugha Fkk] ysfdu ikapos Version ds vkus ds ckn vkt lcls T;knk Web Sites Based gSa vkSj PHP ds 6th Version ds Market esa Launch gksus dh rS;kjh py jgh gSA ysfdu okLro esa PHP gS D;k\ pfy,] tkuus dh dksf”k”k djrs gSaA

Types of Programming Languages Programming Languages ewyr% nks izdkj dh gksrh gSa% Compiled Language Interpreted Language Compiled Languages ,slh Programming Languages gksrh gSa] ftuds Programs ftl Computer Architecture (Intel, AMD Athelon, Solaris, Single Core, Dual Core Quad Core, x86, x64, …etc) o Operating System (Linux, Unix, Windows, MacOS, Wrap, OS/2, etc…) ds fy, Develop fd, tkrs gSa] mUgha Computer Architecture ds vuqlkj iwjh rjg ls Binary Codes esa Convert gks tkrs gSaA ;kuh ,d ckj fdlh Program dks Compile dj nsus ds ckn ml Program ds Source Codes dh t:jr ugha jgrh gS D;ksafd ml Program ds Codes iwjh rjg ls ml Computer Architecture o Operating System ds vk/kkj ij Binary Form ;k


30


Core PHP in Hindi

Machine Codes esa Convert gks tkrs gSa] ftUgsa fcuk Source Codes ds ckj&ckj Execute fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;s Compiled Codes iwjh rjg ls Machine Dependent gksrs gSa] blfy, ftl Architecture ds fy, fdlh Program dks Compile fd;k tkrk gS] ml Architecture ds vykok fdlh Hkh vU; Architecture ij og Compiled Program Run ugha gksrkA ;fn ge fdlh vU; Platform ij ml Program dks Execute djuk pkgsa] rks gesa ml u, Computer Architecture o Operating System ds fy, ml Program ds Source Codes dks fQj ls Compile djuk iMrk gSA pwafd Compiled Codes iwjh rjg ls Machine Dependent gksrs gSa vkSj iwjh rjg ls Native Machine ds vuqlkj Converted gksrs gSa] blfy, Compiled Programs ds Execute o Run gksus dh Speed rst gksrh gS] D;ksafd bu Programs dks ckj&ckj Machine Codes esa Convert gksus dh t:jr ugha gksrh gSA tcfd nwljh izdkj dh Programming Languages dks Interpreted ;k Interpreter Based Programming Language dgk tkrk gSA JavaScript, PHP, Perl, vkfn Interpreter Based Programming Languages gSaA bl izdkj dh Programming Languages esa cus Programs dks tc Hkh Execute fd;k tkrk] bu Programs ds Source Codes gj ckj Current Computer Architecture o Operating System ds vuqlkj Machine Codes esa Convert gksrs gSa vkSj Program Execution ds ckn lekIr gks tkrs gSaA ;kuh ;fn fdlh Interpreter Based Program dks Run djuk gks] rks gesa gj ckj bu Programs ds Source Codes dh t:jr iMrh gSA pwafd Interpreter Based Programming Languages dks gj ckj Machine Codes esa Convert gksuk iMrk gS] blfy, bu Programming Languages dh Speed Compiled Programs dh Speed dh rqyuk esa dqN de gksrh gSA ysfdu Interpreter Based Programming Languages dk ,d Qk;nk Hkh gS vkSj oks Qk;nk ;s gS fd bu Programming Languages esa cus Programs fdlh Hkh Platform ;k Computer Architecture ij fuHkZj ugha gksrs blfy, fdlh Hkh izdkj ds Computer Architecture ;k Operating System ij vklkuh ls Run gks tkrs gSa] D;ksafd ;s gj ckj Interpret gksrs gSa ;kuh budk Interpreter bu Programs dks gj ckj Current Computer Architecture o Operating System ds vuqlkj Native Machine Codes esa Convert djrk gSA Interpreter Based Programming Languages dks gh Scripting Language Hkh dgk tkrk gS vkSj PHP ,d Scripting Language gS] D;ksafd tc Hkh ge fdlh PHP Program dks Execute djrs gSa] og PHP Program vius Interpreter ij Parse gksrk gS vkSj viuh Coding ds vuqlkj Appropriate Results Generate djrk gSA PHP dk iz;ksx dsoy Web Pages dks Dynamic cukus ds fy, gh fd;k tk ldrk gS] ,slk ugha gSA ge PHP dk iz;ksx dbZ vU; izdkj dh t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, Hkh dj ldrs gSaA PHP ds lkFk GTK dk iz;ksx djds ge Platform Independent Desktop


31


Core PHP in Hindi

Application cuk ldrs gSa] tks fd fdlh Hkh Platform ;k Computer Architecture ij fcuk fdlh ijs”kkuh ds Execute gks ldrk gSA PHP dk iz;ksx djds ge Adobe Flash o PDF Files dks Use dj ldrs gSa vFkok Programmatically] ubZ PDF File Create dj ldrs gSaA POSIX o Perl Based Regular Expression Libraries dk iz;ksx djds ge Complex String Operations dj ldrs gSaA PHP ds lkFk Command Line Scripts dks Run dj ldrs gSa vkSj fofHkUu izdkj ds System Administrative dkeksa dks Automatically iwjk dj ldrs gSaA PHP dsoy Linux ij gh Run gksrk gks] ,slk ugha gSA cfYd PHP fdlh Hkh izdkj ds Operating System o Architecture ij Execute gksrk gS vkSj fofHkUu izdkj ds Web Servers ds lkFk feydj dke dj ldrk gSA ;kuh ge PHP dk iz;ksx dsoy Apache Web Server ds lkFk ugha cfYd IIS, Netscape/iPlanet vkfn ds lkFk Hkh dj ldrs gSaA lkFk gh ge PHP }kjk HTML Documents ds lkFk fofHkUu vU; izdkj ds Formats tSls fd PDF, GIF, JPG, PMG, Flash Movies, Text Files, XML Files vkfn ds lkFk Hkh PHP dk iz;ksx djds viuh fofHkUu izdkj dh t:jrksa dks iwjk dj ldrs gSaA PHP esa bu lHkh izdkj ds Formats ds lkFk dke djus ds fy, Built-In Support gS vkSj gesa vyx ls fdlh Library dks Include djus dh t:jr ugha gSA PHP MySql gh ugha cfYd fofHkUu izdkj ds DBMS Softwares tSls fd PostgreSQL, Oracle, Sybase o ODBC Compliant Database ds lkFk vklkuh ls Integrate gks tkrk gSA ;kuh PHP dk iz;ksx djrs gq, ge bu esa ls fdlh Hkh Database dks vius Data dks Store djus ds fy, Use dj ldrs gSaA gkykafd MySql PHP ds lkFk Best Matching djrk gS vkSj lcls T;knk mi;ksx esa fy;k tkrk gSA

Environment Setup tc ge PHP Programming “kq: djuk pkgrs gSa] rks lcls igys gesa nks Basic Softwares dh t:jr gksrh gS vkSj ;s nksuksa gh Softwares Free gSaA ;s Softwares fuEukuqlkj gSa%

1 Text Editor (Notepad++) or IDE (Aptana Studio 3) 2 Web Server (WAMP, XAMPP)

pwafd] 90% ls T;knk yksx Windows Use djrs gSa] blfy, ge ;gka dsoy Windows ds ckjs esa gh ckr djsaxsA Windows Operating System ij WAMP ;k XAMPP Web Server Software dks Install fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;s Web Server Software gekjs Local Computer ij Install djus ds ckn gekjk Local Computer ,d Web Server Computer cu tkrk gSA Notepad++ dks http://notepad-plus-plus.org/ Website ls Download fd;k tk ldrk gS] tcfd XAMPP Web Server dks http://www.apachefriends.org/ ls rFkk WAMP dks http://www.wampserver.com/ ls Download fd;k tk ldrk gSA buds vykok ge http://www.aptana.com/ ls “Aptana Studio 3” Download dj ldrs gSaA


http://notepad-plus-plus.org/

http://www.apachefriends.org/

http://www.wampserver.com/

http://www.aptana.com/

32


Core PHP in Hindi

;s ,d Eclipse vk/kkfjr Development IDE gS] ftldk iz;ksx Fast Development ds fy, fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;fn vki pkgsa] rks dsoy WAMP Download dj ldrs gSa] D;ksafd PHP Program cukus ds fy, gesa dsoy ,d Text Editor o Web Server dh t:jr gksrh gSA IDE dk iz;ksx ge dsoy gekjh lqfo/kk ds fy, dj jgs gSaA WAMP Server Install djus ds ckn Task Bar esa gesa fuEu fp=kuqlkj ,d Icon fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA

Stopped Started Offline

tc Icon Red Color esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gS] rks bl ckr dks Indicate djrk gS fd Web Server cUn gSA Green Color dk fn[kkbZ nsuk bl ckr dk Indication gS fd Web Server Online gS ;kuh pkyw gS vkSj Offline fLFkfr esa Icon Orange Color dk fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ;fn Icon Orange Color dk fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS] rks ;s Web Server ds Working Condition esa u gksus dh fLFkfr dks Represent djrk gSA bl Icon dks Click djus ij gekjs lkeus fuEukuqlkj ,d Popup Window Display gksrk gS%

fn[kkbZ nsus okys fofHkUu Links dks Click djds ge blds fofHkUu Features dks ns[k ldrs gSa o viuh lqfo/kkuqlkj Web Server dks Start, Stop ;k Restart dj ldrs gSa vFkok fdlh Specific Feature dks On ;k Off dj ldrs gSaA Web Server Bhd ls dke dj jgk gS ;k ugha] bl ckr dks Confirm djus dk ,d rjhdk ;s gS fd ge mijksDr Popup Box esa fn[kkbZ ns jgs Localhost Option dks Click djsaA tSls gh ge bls Click djrs gSa] gekjs lkeus fuEukuqlkj Web Page Display gksrk gS] ftlesa Installed WampServer o mlls Related fofHkUu Featurs] Softwares o muds Versions fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA


33


Core PHP in Hindi

bl Web Page dk fn[kkbZ nsuk] bl ckr dk Indication gS fd Web Server Bhd ls dke dj jgk gSA ;s Web Page gesa vkSj Hkh dbZ izdkj dh tkudkfj;ka nsrk gS] ftuesa lcls egRoiw.kZ tkudkjh mu Extensions ds ckjs esa nsrk gS] tks WAMP Server dks Install djrs gh Automatically Load gks tkrh gSaA mijksDr Web Page esa ns[ksa rks Core, date, PDO, json, mysql, ftp, gd, dom, xml vkfn dbZ ,sls t:jh Extensions gSa] tks WAMP Server ds lkFk Automatically Install o Load gks tkrs gSaA vc gesa irk djuk gksrk gS fd PHP Bhd ls dke dj jgk gS ;k ugha vkSj bl ckr dk irk yxkus ds fy, gesa dsoy bl Web Page ij fn[kkbZ nsus okys Tools phpinfo() Link dks Click djuk gksrk gSA bls Click djrs gh gekjs lkeus fuEukuqlkj Web Page Open gksuk pkfg,%

;fn ;s Web Page Open gksrk gS] rks bldk eryc gS fd Apache Web Server ds lkFk&lkFk PHP Hkh Bhd rjg ls dke dj jgk gSA vUr esa gesa ;s irk djuk gksrk gS fd MySql Bhd ls dke dj jgk gS ;k ugha vkSj bl ckr dk irk yxkus ds fy, gesa fiNys


34


Core PHP in Hindi

Web Page ij fn[kkbZ nsus okys phpmyadmin uke ds Link dks Click djuk gksrk gS] ftls Click djrs gh gekjs lkeus fuEukuqlkj Web Page Display gksuk pkfg,%

bl Web Page dk fn[kkbZ nsuk bl ckr dk Indication gS fd gekjk Web Server Apache, Scripting Language PHP o Database MySql rhuksa Bhd rjg ls dke dj jgs gSa vkSj ge vkxs c< ldrs gSa rFkk Development dk dke “kq: dj ldrs gSaA ge gekjs bl Local Web Server ij tks Hkh Web Pages ;k Script Files Create djrs gSa] mUgsa gesa bl Web Site ds ,d Special Folder esa gh Store djuk gksrk gS] rHkh ge mu Files dks Web Browser ds Address Bar esa http://localhost }kjk Access dj ldrs gSaA WAMP Server esa bl Special Folder dk uke www gksrk gS] tcfd XAMPP esa bl Folder dk uke htdocs gksrk gSA bl Directory rd igqapus ds fy, gesa WAMP ds Icon ij Click djus ij fn[kkbZ nsus okys Popup Menu ds “www directory” Option dks Click djuk gksrk gS vkSj ge lh/ks gh ml Directory esa igqap tkrs gSa] tgka gesa gekjh Local Web Server Files dks Store djuk gksrk gSA ;fn WAMP Installation ds le; Default Path dks Change u fd;k x;k gks] rks lkekU;r% ;s Directory “C:\wamp\www” Path esa gksrh gSA bl Directory esa lkekU;r% index.php o testmysql.php uke dh nks Files igys ls gh gksrh gSa] ftudh otg ls gesa Web Browser esa mijksDr lHkh Screens fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA bu Files dks lkekU;r% Rename dj nsuk pkfg,] rkfd ;s Files Web Browser esa Directly Run u gksaA tc ge bu Files dks Rename dj nsrs gSa vkSj Web Browser ds Address Bar esa http://localhost Type djrs gSa] rc gesa gekjk Local Web Server ;kuh www Folder o mldh fofHkUu Files fuEukuqlkj fn[kkbZ nsrh gSa%


http://localhost/

http://localhost/

35


Core PHP in Hindi

;fn ge www Folder esa dksbZ u;k Folder Create djrs gSa] rks og Folder Hkh gesa ;gka fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA tSlkfd mijksDr fp= esa phpInHindi uke dk ,d u;k Folder Create fd;k x;k gS] tks fd fn[kkbZ ns jgk gSA ;fn ge bl Folder ij Click djsa] rks Address Bar esa Hkh fuEukuqlkj ifjorZu gksrk gS vkSj ge bl phpInHindi uke ds Folder esa igqap tkrs gSa%

mijksDr fp= ds Address Bar esa ge vius Newly Created Folder phpInHindi ds uke dks Absolute URL “http://localhost/phpInHindi” ds :i esa ns[k ldrs gSaA Web Server Setup djus ds ckn gesa “Aptana Studio 3” dks Install djuk gksrk gS] tks fd Eclipse IDE gS vkSj bls eq[; :i ls Web Development dh t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, Modified fd;k x;k gSA

Aptana dks Install djus ds ckn tc ge bls Open djrs gSa] rks ;s gesa fuEukuqlkj fn[kkbZ nsrk gS%


36


Core PHP in Hindi

Aptana dk iz;ksx djds ge iwjk PHP Application Develop o Maintain dj ldrs gSa vkSj pwafd gesa Eclipse, NetBeans tSls dqN cgqr T;knk Use fd, tkus okys IDEs dks Hkh Use djuk lh[kuk pkfg,] blfy, ge Eclipse dks vius PHP Learning Course ds nkSjku Use djsaxsA oSls PHP lh[kus ds fy, gesa dsoy ,d Web Server vkSj ,d Text Editor dh gh t:jr gksrh gS] blfy, igys ge ;s tkusaxs fd fdl rjg ls ge ek= ,d Text Editor dk iz;ksx djds fdlh PHP Program dks Create o Interpret dj ldrs gSa] fQj ge ;s tkusaxs fd fdl rjg ls Aptana Studio gekjs dke dks ljy cukus esa mi;ksxh lkfcr gks ldrk gSA rks pfy,] vc ge gekjk lcls igyk PHP Program cukrs gSa vkSj mls Interpret djuk lh[krs gSaA

Creating First PHP Script pwafd] fQygky ge Aptana dks Use ugha dj jgs gSa] blfy, ge Notepad++ Text Editor Open djsaxs vkSj mlesa fuEukuqlkj igyk PHP Script Code fy[ksaxs%


37


Core PHP in Hindi

vc gesa bl File dks Save djuk gSA pwafd ge PHP Script File Create dj jgs gSa] blfy, gesa bl File dks .php Extension ds lkFk Save djuk gksxk] lkFk gh bl File dk uke ge index.php j[ksaxs] D;ksafd “index” uke fdlh Hkh Web Document File dk Default uke gksrk gS] ftls Web Browser ds Address Bar esa Specify u fd;k tk,] rc Hkh Web Browser index uke dh File dks Directly Interpret ;k Render dj nsrk gSA viuh File dks PHP File ds :i esa Save djus ds fy, gesa Notepad++ ds “Save As” Dialog Box esa fuEu fp=kuqlkj “Save as type:” ds Combo Box ls “PHP Hyhpertext Preprocessor file (*.php;*.php3;*.phtml)” Option dks Select djuk gksxk] tSlkfd fuEu fp= esa fn[kk;k x;k gSA

pwafd gesa gekjh File dks Web Browser esa “localhost” Address ls Access djus dh t:jr iM ldrh gS] blfy, gesa gekjh Script File dks gekjs Local Web Site ds www uke ds Folder esa gh Save djuk gksxkA blfy, geus gekjh PHP File ds Saving Path dks fuEu fp=kuqlkj “C:\wamp\www\phpInHindi” Specify fd;k gSA


38


Core PHP in Hindi

;fn lcdqN lgh rjhds ls fd;k x;k] rks File Save gks tkus ds ckn gekjk PHP Code Notepad++ ds fp= esa fn[kk, vuqlkj Colors esa fn[kkbZ nsus yxsxkA vc bl PHP Script dks Interpret djus ds fy, gesa bl File dks Web Browser esa Open djuk gksxkA Web Browser esa bl File dks Interpret djrs gq, Open djus ds fy, gesa Web Browser ds Address Bar esa “http://localhost/phpInHindi” URL Specify djds Enter Key dks Press djuk gksxk vkSj ,slk djrs gh gekjs lkeus fuEukuqlkj Output Render gksxk%

;fn geus gekjh File dk uke “index” ds vykok dqN Hkh tSls fd demo Specify fd;k gksrk] rks fQj ;gh Result izkIr djus ds fy, gesa Web Browser ds Address Bar esa “http://localhost/phpInHindi/demo.php” URL Specify djds Enter Key dks Press djuk iMrkA gkykafd bl rjhds dks Use djds Hkh ge gekjs fdlh Hkh PHP Script dk Output ns[k ldrs gSa] ysfdu PHP dks tYnh lh[kus dk dsoy ,d gh rjhdk gS fd ge PHP dks Command Prompt dk iz;ksx djrs gq, lh[ksa o PHP dh fofHkUu Scripts dks PHP Command Prompt ij Interpret o Run djsaA

Setting PHP Interpreter Path tc ge PHP Scripts dks Command Prompt }kjk Run djuk pkgrs gSa] rks lcls igys gesa php.exe File dks “Path” Environment Variable esa Set djuk gksrk gS] rkfd ge gekjs Computer esa dgha ls Hkh PHP Interpreter dks Invoke dj ldsaA pwafd geus WAMP Install fd;k gS vkSj gekjs Computer esa PHP “C:\wamp\bin\php\php5.3.8” Path ij Installed gS] tgka 5.3.8 PHP dk Version gS] tks fd cny ldrk gS] blfy, bl Path dks gesa “Path” uke ds Global Variable esa Set djuk gksxkA bls Set djus ds fy, gesa fuEu Steps Follow djus gksrs gSa%

1 Right Click on My Computer and Select “Properties” Option 2 Click On Advance System Settings Option. A New Dialog Box will

Display.


http://localhost/phpInHindi

http://localhost/phpInHindi

39


Core PHP in Hindi

3 Click on “Environment Variables…” Button. A New Dialog Box will Display.

4 Select “Path” from “System variables” List and click on “Edit…” Button.


40


Core PHP in Hindi

5 Go to the end of the “Variable value:” Text Box and place a Semicolon. Type the full path with Semicolon “;C:\wamp\bin\php\php5.3.8” at the end of the text as following:

6 Click “OK”, “OK” and “OK”. mijksDr izfØ;k iwjh djus ds ckn vc ge gekjs Computer esa dgha ls Hkh Command Prompt }kjk php.exe Interpreter dks Execute dj ldrs gSaA vc Start Button ij Click djds Run Option dks Select dhft,A fuEukuqlkj ,d “Run” Dialog Box Display gksxk%

;gka “cmd” Command Type djds Enter Key Press dhft, vFkok “OK” Button ij Click dhft,A vkids lkeus fuEukuqlkj Command Prompt Display gks tk,xk%

bl Command Prompt ij “php –v” Type djds Enter Key Press djus ij vkidks mijksDr fp=kuqlkj PHP dk Version o fofHkUu izdkj dh vU; tkudkfj;ka fn[kkbZ nsaxhA ;fn ;s tkudkfj;ka fn[kkbZ nsrh gSa] rks ;s bl ckr dk Signal gS fd vkids PHP Interpreter dk Path iwjh rjg ls Set gS vkSj vki dgha ls Hkh PHP Interpreter dks Invoke dj ldrs gSaA


41


Core PHP in Hindi

pwafd gekjk WAMP Server Bhd ls Run gks jgk gS lkFk gh geus gekjs PHP Interpreter dk Path Hkh Set dj fn;k gS] blfy, vc ge Command Prompt }kjk vius PHP Program dks Interpret dj ldrs gSaA geus gekjk igyk PHP Script “C:\wamp\www\phpInHindi” uke ds Folder esa Create fd;k Fkk] blfy, lcls igys gesa ml Folder esa igqapuk gksxkA bl dke dks djus ds fy, gesa fuEukuqlkj rhu Commands Fire djus gksaxs% lcls igys geus “cd \” Command Fire fd;k gS] tks gesa Root Directory ;kuh “C:” Prompt ij ys tkrk gSA

fQj geus nwljk Command “cd wamp\www\phpInHindi” Fire fd;k gS] tks gesa gekjs WAMP Server ds www Folder ds vUnj fLFkr “phpInHindi” uke ds Folder esa ys tkrk gSA vUr esa geus “dir” Command fd;k gS] tks gesa gekjs Current Folder dh lHkh Files Display djrk gSA

Interpreting First PHP Script tSlk fd mijksDr fp= esa ge ns[k ldrs gSa] “index.php” uke dh File bl Folder esa fLFkr gS] blfy, bl PHP Script File dks ge ;gka ls Interpret dj ldrs gSaA bl File dks ;gka ls Interpret djus ds fy, gesa fuEukuqlkj vxyk Command “php index.php” Fire djuk gksrk gS%


42


Core PHP in Hindi

bl Command dks Fire djrs gh gekjh PHP Script File Interpret gks tkrh gS vkSj gesa fuEukuqlkj Output fn[kkbZ nsrk gS] ftls geus gekjh Script File esa Execute gksus ds fy, fy[kk Fkk%

bl izdkj ls Command Prompt }kjk ge fdlh Hkh PHP Script File dks Interpret dj ldrs gSa vkSj mldk Output ns[k ldrs gSaA vc ge lkjka”k ds :i esa mijksDr iwjh izfØ;k dks le>rs gSa] tks fuEukuqlkj gS%

1 lcls igys gesa gekjs PHP Interpreter dk Path Operating System ds Global Variable esa Set djuk gksrk gS] rkfd PHP Interpreter dks ge dgha ls Hkh Invoke djds viuh PHP Script dks Interpret dj ldsaA bl Path dks dsoy ,d gh ckj Set djuk gksrk gSA bls gj ckj Set djus dh t:jr ugha gksrh gSA

2 fQj gesa ,d Text Editor esa viuh PHP Script dks Type djuk gksrk gS vkSj

vius Web Server ds Root Folder vFkok fdlh Sub-Folder esa .PHP Extension ds lkFk Save djuk gksrk gS] rkfd ge gekjs Local Web Server ds “localhost” Path }kjk Hkh ml Script File dks Access o Interpret dj ldsaA .php Extension Specify djuk blfy, t:jh gS] D;ksafd PHP Interpreter .php Extension okyh Files dks gh Interpret djrk gSA

3 fQj gesa Run Dialog Box ls Command Prompt dks Open djuk gksrk gS vkSj

ml Folder rd igqapuk gksrk gS] tgka ij gekjh PHP File dks geus Save fd;k gSA

4 vUr esa PHP Interpreter dks Use djds gesa gekjh PHP Script File dks

Interpret djuk gksrk gSA mijksDr Discussion }kjk vki ;s rks le> gh x, gksaxs fd ,d PHP Script dks Handle djus ds fy, gesa de ls de nks Programs igyk Text Editor o nwljk Command Prompt dks Start djds j[kuk gksrk gSA tcfd Aptana dk iz;ksx djds ge bu nks Programs ls eqDr gks ldrs gSaA lkFk gh Aptana gesa Coding Related dbZ izdkj dh Help Hkh djrk gSA gkykafd ge pkgs Command Prompt Use djsa ;k Aptana Studio, nksuksa ds fy, gh gesa PHP dk Path Set djuk t:jh gksrk gSA rks pfy,] le>us dh dksf”k”k djrs gSa fd fdl rjg ls ge Aptana dk iz;ksx djds fdlh PHP Script dks vklkuh ls Create o Interpret dj ldrs gSaA lcls igys “Aptana Studio 3” Software dks Start dhft, o File Menu esa tkdj viuh index.php File dks Open dhft,A ,slk djus ij vkidks Aptana Studio fuEukuqlkj fn[kkbZ nsxk%


43


Core PHP in Hindi

bl Window esa vkidks rhu fgLls fn[kkbZ ns jgs gSaA Left Side ds Tabs dks Minimize fd;k tk ldrk gS D;ksafd fQygky gekjh t:jr dsoy Top o Bottom Window ls gh iwjh gks tk,xhA Top Window esa gesa gekjh index.php File ds Code fn[kkbZ ns jgs gSa tcfd Bottom Window ,d Terminal Window gS] tks Command Prompt dh t:jr dks iwjk djrk gSA pwafd] ;s Terminal Window Linux ds Commands dks Windows Operating System esa Use djus dh lqfo/kk nsrk gS] blfy, bl Window esa “dir” Command ds LFkku ij gesa “ls” Command dks Use djuk iMrk gSA pwafd gekjh index.php File “C:\wamp\www\phpInHindi” Path ij Stored gS] rks bl Path ij tkus ds fy, gesa fn[kkbZ nsus okys Terminal Window esa fuEukuqlkj Command Fire djuk gksrk gS% $ cd /c/wamp/www/phpInHindi pwafd ge ,d ,sls Terminal esa gSa] tks fd Commands dks Linux Format esa Accept djrk gS] blfy, gesa gekjs Path rd igqapus ds fy, mijksDr Command dks Use djuk iMrk gSA pwafd Linux esa Root Directory rFkk Path dks “/” ls Refer fd;k tkrk gS] blfy, bl Command esa “/c/” “C:” Drive dks Represent dj jgk gS] tcfd “ks’k Path leku gh gSA


44


Core PHP in Hindi

ge Currently fdl Path ij gSa] bldh tkudkjh gesa Green Color o Orange Color esa fn[kkbZ nsus okys Path ls izkIr gks tkrh gS] tks fd “/c/wamp/www/phpInHindi” Path dks Represent dj jgk gSA bl Directory esa Stored lHkh Files o Directories dh List ns[kus ds fy, ge “ls” Command Fire dj ldrs gSa] tks fd “dir” Command ds leku gh gSA bl Command dks Fire djus ij gesa fuEu fp=kuqlkj Files o Directories dh List izkIr gksrh gS%

mijksDr fp= esa ge ns[k ldrs gSa fd gekjs Current Folder esa index.php uke dh dsoy ,d gh File gSA vc bl PHP File dks Interpret djus ds fy, gesa ogh Command ;gka Fire djuk gksrk gS] ftls geus Command Prompt esa Fire fd;k Fkk vkSj gesa Interpreted PHP Script dk Result blh Terminal Window esa fn[kkbZ ns tkrk gSA tSls%

mijksDr Discussion esa geus nks rjhdksa dks Use djrs gq, ,d PHP Script dks Create djds Interpret fd;kA vki tks pkgsa oks rjhdk Use dj ldrs gSaA eq>s Personally “Aptana Studio 3” dk Terminal o Text Editor, Windows ds Command Prompt o Notepad++ dh rqyuk esa T;knk ilUn gS] D;ksafd ;s eq>s dbZ izdkj dh Coding Help Provide djrk gS] tks fd eq>s Notepad++ ls izkIr ugha gksrhA


45


Core PHP in Hindi

rks] geus gekjk PHP Environment iwjh rjg ls Setup dj fy;kA ;kuh viuk Local Web Server, IDE, Global Path o Command Prompt dks Use djus ds ckjs esa i;kZIr tkudkjh izkIr dj yh lkFk gh geus gekjh igyh PHP Script File nks rjhdksa ls Create djds] mls nksuksa rjhdksa ls Interpret Hkh dj yhA ;kuh vc ge PHP dk Basic le>us ds fy, iwjh rjg ls rS;kj gSaA rks] pfy,! vc ge PHP dk Core le>rs gSaA


46


Core PHP in Hindi

PHP fundAmentAls


47


Core PHP in Hindi

PHP Fundamentals

fdlh Hkh Programming Language ds gesa”kk dqN fu;e gksrs gSa] ftUgsa Follow fd, fcuk ge ml Programming Language dks Bhd ls ugha le> ldrsA bu fu;eksa ds lewg dks gh Language dk Core ;k Fundamental vFkok Basics dgk tkrk gSA yxHkx lHkh Procedural Languages fdlh u fdlh rjg ls “C” Language ls rFkk Object Oriented Languages fdlh u fdlh rjg ls “C++” Language ls gh Inspired gSA pwafd PHP ,d ,slh Programming Language gS] ftls ge ,d Procedural Language dh rjg Hkh Use dj ldrs gSa vkSj Object Oriented Languages dh rjg HkhA blfy, ;fn vki igys “C” Language lh[k pqds gSa] rks PHP lh[kuk vkids fy, dkQh vklku gks tk,xk] lkFk gh ;fn vkidks Java dk Hkh FkksMk cgqr Kku gS] rks fQj cgqr gh vklkuh ls o rsth ls vki PHP dks le> ik,saxs vkSj Professionally Use dj ldsaxsA

<?php … ?> fdlh Hkh PHP Script ds fofHkUu Statements dks gesa <?php … ?> ds chp gh fy[kuk gksrk gS] D;ksafd PHP Interpreter bUgha Tags ds chp Enclosed Statements dks PHP Interpreter ij Interpret gksus ds fy, Hkstrk gSA blfy, ge ftrus Hkh PHP Programs cukrs gSa] mu lHkh Programs ds PHP Codes dks gesa bUgha Tags ds chp fy[kuk gksrk gS] Hkys gh gekjk Code dsoy ,d Single Line dk gh D;ksa u gksA

Output Statements fcuk Output Statements dks le>s gq, ge vkxs gh ugha c< ldrs D;ksafd fdlh Hkh Program ds rhu Compulsory Parts gksrs gSa] ftUgsa Input, Process o Output dgk tkrk gSA tc ge fdlh Programming Language dks lh[k jgs gksrs gSa] rc Input ds :i esa ge gekjs fdlh Program esa Lo;a ds Data Specify dj ldrs gSa] blfy, Input gekjs Control esa gksrk gSA ;fn ge pkgsa rks gekjs Program esa ge fdlh Hkh rjg dh Processing fd, fcuk Hkh dqN dke dj ldrs gSa] blfy, fdlh Data dks Process djuk gS ;k ugha] ;s Hkh iwjh rjg ls gekjs Control esa gksrk gSA ysfdu geus tks Data Input fd;k vkSj ml ij tks Processing dh gS] mls Output ds :i esa fn[kkus dk dke iwjh rjg ls Programming Language ds Control esa gksrk gSA blfy, Output ds fy, ge gesa”kk Programming Language }kjk Provide fd, tkus okys Functions o Statements ij fuHkZj gksrs gSaA PHP gesa ,sls cgqr lkjs Functions o Statements Provide djrk gS] ftudk iz;ksx djds ge gekjs Program ds Output dks ns[k ldrs gSaA PHP gesa fofHkUu izdkj dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Generate gksus okys fofHkUu izdkj ds Outputs dks Handle djus ds fy, dbZ Functions o Statements Provide djrk gS] ftuds ckjs esa ge vkxs tkusaxs] ysfdu buesa ls dqN Functions o Statements fuEukuqlkj gSa] ftudk iz;ksx ge gekjs Program dk Output ns[kus ds fy, dj ldrs gSa%


48


Core PHP in Hindi

print() Statement ;s ,d Statement gS u fd Function] ftldk Syntax fuEukuqlkj gksrk gS% int print(string $argument); tSlk fd bl Syntax esa ge ns[k ldrs gSa fd print() Statement Argument ds :i esa fdlh Hkh Data Type vFkok Mixed Data Type ds eku dks Accept djrk gS vkSj tks Hkh eku bls Argument ds :i esa Specify fd;k tkrk gS] ;s Function ml eku dks Web Browser esa vFkok Terminal ij Display dj nsrk gSA lkFk gh ;s Function ,d Integer Return djrk gSA ;fn Integer ds :i esa 1 Return gksrk gS] rks bldk eryc ;s gS fd Function Bhd ls Run gqvk tcfd ;fn print() Statement Bhd ls Run ugha gks ikrk] rks 1 ds vykok dqN Hkh Return dj ldrk gSA pwafd print() ,d Statement gS u fd Function] blfy, ;fn ge pkgsa] rks blds lkFk Specify fd, x, Parenthesis dks fcuk Specify fd, gq, Hkh bls mi;ksx esa ys ldrs gSaA

echo() Statement print() Statement dh rjg gh ;s Hkh ,d Function ugha cfYd Statement gS vkSj bls Hkh Exactly Function dh rjg mi;ksx esa ugha fy;k tk ldrkA pwafd ;s Hkh Function ugha gS] blfy, print() Statement dh rjg gh] blds lkFk Hkh Paranthesis dk iz;ksx djuk t:jh ugha gSA bldk Syntax fuEukuqlkj gksrk gS% void echo ( string $arg1 [, string $... ] ) ;s Statement Hkh fcYdqy print() Statement dh rjg gh dke djrk gS] ysfdu ;s fdlh rjg dk dksbZ eku Return ugha djrkA ge print() ;k echo() nksuksa esa ls fdlh Hkh Statement dks Use djds vius Program ds Output dks izkIr dj ldrs gSaA bu nksuksa esa ls dksbZ Hkh Special ugha gSA cl gesa dsoy bruk /;ku j[kuk gksrk gS] fd ;s nksuksa gh Functions ugha gSa] blfy, bUgsa Function eku dj Use ugha djuk pkfg,A

Case Sensitive PHP Hkh “C” dh rjg gh ,d Case Sensitive Programming Language gSA ;kuh “C” Language esa Hkh fofHkUu User Defined Identifier Names Case Sensitive gksrs gSaA ysfdu PHP esa lcdqN Case Sensitive ugha gksrkA mnkgj.k ds fy, User Defined Classes o Functions ds uke Case Sensitive ugha gksrsA blh rjg ls PHP esa igys ls cus gq, Built-In Functions, Classes vkfn rFkk Keywords Case Sensitive ugha gksrs vkSj ge bUgsa fuEukuqlkj fdlh Hkh rjg ls fy[k ldrs gSa% print “Hello World”; PRINT “Hello World”; Print “Hello World”;


49


Core PHP in Hindi

PrInT “Hello World” mijksDr pkjksa Lines esa geus print Function dks pkj vyx rjhdksa ls fy[kk gS] ysfdu ;s pkjksa Statements PHP Parser ij fcuk fdlh ijs”kkuh ds Execute gks tkrs gSa] D;ksafd ;s PHP dk Built-In Function gSA ysfdu PHP esa ge tks Variable Create djrs gSa] os Case Sensitive gksrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, $name, $Name, $NAME, o $NaMe pkj vyx Variables gSa vkSj bUgsa ,d nwljs ds Replacement ds :i esa Use ugha fd;k tk ldrkA NOTE: PHP dks Hkh “C” Language dh rjg iw.kZ :i ls Case Sensitive eku dj gh Programming djuk csgrj jgrk gS] ugha rks dbZ LFkkuksa ij ge Variables dks Hkh Case Insensitive eku dj Coding djus yxrs gSa] QyLo:i gekjs Codes esa Bugs vkus yxrs gSaA

Statements and Semicolons PHP Program dh gj Line dks ,d Statement dgk tkrk gS vkSj PHP ds gj Statement dk vUr ,d Semicolon ls gksrk gSA PHP Interpreter blh Semicolon ls Statement ds vUr dks Identify djrk gSA ;fn ge fdlh Statement ds vUr esa Semicolon u yxk,] rks PHP Parser gesa Error nsrk gS vkSj gekjh PHP Script dks Parse ugha djrkA blhfy, geus fiNys Code Segment esa lHkh Print Statements ds vUr esa ,d Semicolon dk iz;ksx fd;k gSA

Block Statement PHP esa tc gesa dqN Statements dks ,d Group ds :i esa Represent djuk gksrk gS] rc “C”, “C++” o Java dh rjg gh mu lHkh Statements dks Opening o Closing Curly Braces ds chp Enclose fd;k tkrk gS vkSj Closing Curly Brace ds ckn Semicolon ugha yxk;k tkrkA tSls% { print “Hello World”; PRINT “This is my first PHP Script.”; }

Whitespace and Line Breaks PHP esa Coding dks vPNh rjg ls Format djus ds fy, ge ftl rjg ls pkgsa ml rjg ls Whitespaces o Line Breaks dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA PHP dks bl ckr ls dksbZ QdZ ugha iMrkA mnkgj.k ds fy, mijksDr Code Segment dks ge fuEukuqlkj Hkh fy[k ldrs gSa% print “Hello World”; PRINT “This is my first PHP Script.”;


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