Photosynthesis: The Calvin Cycle Life from CO 2
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Transcript of Photosynthesis: The Calvin Cycle Life from CO 2
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Photosynthesis: The Calvin Cycle
Life from CO2
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The Calvin CycleWhoops! Wrong Calvin…1950s | 1961
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Remember what it means to be a plant… Need to produce all organic molecules
necessary for growth carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Need to store chemical energy (ATP) produced from light reactions in a more stable form that can be moved around plant saved for a rainy day
+ water + energy glucose + oxygencarbondioxide
6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2light
energy + ++
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Light reactions What is generated in these
reactions?ATP
NADPH
O2 (waste)
energy
reducing power
Now we can build stuff !!
photosynthesis
ATP
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How is that helpful? Want to make C6H12O6
synthesis How? From what?
What raw materials are available?
CO2
C6H12O6
NADPH
NADPreduces CO2carbon fixation
NADP
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From Light reactions to Calvin cycle
stroma
thylakoid
ATP
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starch,sucrose,cellulose& more
1C CO2
Calvin cycle
5CRuBP
3C
RuBisCo
1. Carbon fixation
2. Reduction
3. Regenerationof RuBP
ribulose bisphosphateribulose
bisphosphate carboxylase
6 NADP
6 NADPH 6 ADP
6 ATP
3 ADP
3 ATP
usedto make
glucose
3C
3CG3Pglyceraldehyde-3-P
C C C C C
C C C C C
C C C C C
6C
C C C C C C
C C C C C C
C C C C C C
C C C
C C C
C C C
C C C
C C C
C C C
PGAphosphoglycerate
C C C
C C C
C C C
C C C
C C C
C C CC C C
CC
C
C C C= =
|H
|H
|H
|H
|H
|H
C C C– –
5C
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glycolysis
glucoseC-C-C-C-C-C
fructose-1,6bPP-C-C-C-C-C-C-P
DHAPP-C-C-C
G3PC-C-C-P
pyruvateC-C-C
ATP2
ADP2
ATP4
ADP4
NAD+22
Remember G3P?
glyceraldehyde3-phosphate
Photosynthesis
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To G3P and Beyond! Glyceraldehyde-3-P
end product of Calvin cycle energy rich 3 carbon sugar “C3 photosynthesis”
G3P is an important intermediate G3P glucose carbohydrates
lipids phospholipids, fats, waxes
amino acids proteins
nucleic acids DNA, RNA
To G3Pand beyond!
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RuBisCo Enzyme which fixes carbon from air
ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase the most important enzyme in the world!
it makes organic molecules from CO2!
definitely the most abundant enzyme
I’m green with envy!
It’s not easy being green!
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Light Reactions
O2
H2O
Energy BuildingReactions
ATP
produces ATP produces NADPH releases O2 as a
waste product
sunlight
H2O ATP O2light
energy ++ + NADPH
NADPH
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Calvin Cycle
sugars
CO2
SugarBuilding
Reactions
ADP
builds sugars uses ATP &
NADPH recycles ADP
& NADP back to make
more ATP & NADPHATP
NADPH
NADP
CO2 C6H12O6 ++ + NADPATP + NADPH ADP
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Putting it all together
CO2 H2O C6H12O6 O2light
energy + ++
SugarBuilding
Reactions
Energy Building
Reactions
Plants make both:energy
ATP & NADPHsugars
sunlight
O2
H2O
sugars
CO2
ADP
ATP
NADPH
NADP
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H2O
Energy cycle
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
sun
glucose O2CO2
plants
animals, plants
ATP
CO2 H2O C6H12O6 O2light
energy + ++
CO2 H2OC6H12O6 O2ATP
energy+ ++
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Summary of photosynthesis
Where did the CO2 come from? Where did the CO2 go? Where did the H2O come from? Where did the H2O go? Where did the energy come from? What’s the energy used for? What will the C6H12O6 be used for? Where did the O2 come from? Where will the O2 go? What else is involved…not listed in this equation?
6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2light
energy + ++
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Supporting a biosphere
On global scale, photosynthesis is the most important process for the continuation of life on Earth each year photosynthesis…
captures 121 billion tons of CO2
synthesizes 160 billion tons of carbohydrate heterotrophs are dependent on plants as
food source for fuel & raw materials
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The poetic perspective… All the solid material of every plant
was built by sunlight out of thin air All the solid material of every animal
was built from plant material
Then all the plants, cats, dogs, elephants & people …
are really particles of air woven together by strands of sunlight!
sunair
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If plants can do it…You can learn it!
Ask Questions!!