PHOTOSYNTHESISREVIEW

http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG

http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.html

NAME THE MOLECULES5 carbon CO2 acceptor that combines with

CO2 in the first step of the Calvin cycle________________________________

Enzyme that catalyzes the addition of CO2 to RuBP

________________________

3 carbon sugar produced during the Calvin cycle that can be used to build glucose and other organic molecules

______________________________

Ribulose biphosphate (RuBP)

RuBP carboxylase (RUBISCO)

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)

To make one glucose molecule, the

Calvin cycle uses

_____ molecules of CO2

_____ molecules of ATP

_____ molecules of NADPH

6

18

12

Campbell concept check 10.3

NAME THE MOLECULES

Enzyme that adds CO2 to make a 4 carbon molecule before entering the Calvin cycle in C4 and CAM plants

________________________________

Cluster of proteins in the thylakoid membrane that uses the energy of a hydrogen ion gradient toadd an inorganic phosphate group to ADP

________________________

Iron containing proteins that make up the electron transport chain

______________________________

PEP carboxylase

ATP synthase

cytochromes

NAME THE MOLECULES

Molecule that is split during the light reaction to supply H+ ions for the concentration gradient and electrons to replace those lost by chlorophyll

________________________________

Yellow and orange pigment molecules that broaden the spectrum of colors used to drive photosynthesis and also protect chlorophyll by dissipating excess light energy

_________________________

water

carotenoids

NAME THE COFACTOR found in the

cytochromes of the electron transport chain _____

NAME THE COFACTOR found in the center

chlorophyll molecule _____

Which color of light is least effective in driving photosynthesis?

Fe (iron)

Mg++ (magnesium)

Green; green light is reflected not absorbed

Campbell Concept check 10.2

Name the chlorophyll molecules found in the reaction center of Photosystem II.

Explain why chlorophyll excited by light will fluoresce and give off heat when removedfrom cell, but not in intact chloroplasts.

Chlorophyll a (P680)

Excited electrons can’t pass their energy on to the electrontransport chain if removedfrom chloroplasts. Energy is given off as heat and light (fluorecence) instead

http://plantsinmotion.bio.indiana.edu/usbg/photosyn.htm

Name the chlorophyll molecules found in the reaction center of Photosystem I.

What is the purpose of cyclic electron flow?

Chlorophyll b (P700)

Non-cyclic electron flow produces equal amounts of ATP and NADPH, but Calvin cycle requires more ATP than NADPH.Cyclic electron flow can make up the difference bymaking more ATP without making NADPH. Cell can switch to cyclic electron flow, if NADPH is high and cell needs more ATP to run Calvin cycle

Instrument that measures the proportions oflight of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted by a pigment solution

Energy coupling mechanism that uses energystored in the form of a hydrogen gradientacross a membrane to drive cellular work,like the synthesis of ATP

spectrophotometer

chemiosmosis

Stack of sacs= __________

MEMBRANE SAC

= _________________

Gel-filled space outside the stacks = ______________

NAME THE PARTS

stroma

granum

thylakoidGel-filled space inside the membrane sac= _________________Thylakoid space

Gel-filled space outside thechloroplast = __________________cytoplasm

#1 = ______________

#2 = ______________

#3 = ______________

#4 = ______________

#5 = ______________

Water (H2O)

Oxygen (O2)

Carbon dioxide (CO2)Carbohydrates

Sunlight (light energy)

Name the 2 kinds of plants that use alternative methods of carbon fixation which joins C02 to make a 4 carbon molecule before entering the Calvin cycle

What does CAM stand for?

In which types of climates would you expectto find more of these plants?

C4 and CAM

Crassulacean acid metabolism

Hot, dry regions

Tell the place where the enzymes for the light reactions are located

Tell the place where the Calvin cycle happens

In membranes of thylakoids

stroma

Tell the place H+ ions build up as electronsmove down the electron transport chain

Tell the place where ATP is made

In thylakoid space inside sac

stroma

A _________________ is a molecule (like chlorophyll) that absorbs light energy.

Name the two types of chlorophyll

________________ & _________________

pigment

Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b

Name the cells unique to C4 plants where

the Calvin cycle is found

Name the two stages of photosynthesis

In which of these are carbohydrates produced?

Bundle sheath cells

Light reactions & Calvin cycle

Calvin cycle

The Calvin cycle is also referred to as the

____________________ reactions

Name the carrier of high energy electrons and hydrogen used during photosynthesis

In which stage of photosynthesis is ATP made?

Light independent

NADP+

Light dependent reactions

In which phase of photosynthesis is oxygenreleased to the atmosphere?

What is the ultimate fate of the H in H2O during photosynthesis?

ATP synthase uses the movement of whichion across the membrane to produce ATP?

Light reactions

Ends up in carbohydrates

H+

What is the ultimate fate of the oxygen atoms in H2O following photosynthesis?

Write the overall equation for photosynthesis.

Released into the atmosphere asO2 gas

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2

From which reactant do the Oxygen atoms in glucose (C6H12O6) come?

Where do the electrons that pass down theelectron transport chain end up followingnon-cyclic electron flow?

Name the products of the light reaction.

Carbon dioxide

In NADPH

Oxygen, ATP, NADPH

Name the products of the Calvin cycle

In the light reactions, what is the electrondonor?

Where do the electrons end up?

G3P (carbohydrates) , CO2

water

NADP+

Campbell Concept check 10.2

Campbell Concept check 10.2

Explain why a poison that inhibits an enzyme in the Calvin cycle will also inhibit the light reactions.

Explain when photorespiration would happenin a plant instead of photosynthesis.

Light reactions require ADP and NADP+

which are regenerated from the Calvin cycle.If these don’t return from Calvin Cycle . . . ATP and NADPH production stops

When it is hot & dry the plant closes its stomata to conserve water; when CO2 levels get low the plant switches to photorespiration

Campbell Concept check 10.3

How is photorespiration different from photosynthesis?

In C4 plants the steps of carbon fixation andCalvin cycle are separated by location in different types of cells. How are these separated in CAM plants?

Rubisco adds O2 to Calvin cycle insteadof CO2 ; CO2 is given off, but no ATP is made; no sugar is made

By time; carbon fixation happens at night, thenCalvin cycle uses the stored carbon during the day

How many G3P molecules are needed to make 1 glucose molecule?

G3P stands for __________________________

Give an example of a C3 plant

2

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Rice, wheat, soybeans, most flowers &trees you know

Which of the following is a chlorophyll molecule? →

Chlorophyll phospholipid glucose

amino acid (phenylalanine) ATP

Organisms that can produce their own foodare called __________________

RuBP stands for __________________________

Give an example of a C4 plant

Autotrophs (producers)

Ribulose biphosphate

Sugarcane, corn

Organisms that can’t produce their own foodand must get their energy from eating other organisms are called __________________

Which of the following sequences correctlyrepresents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?A) NADPH → O2→CO2

B) H2O →NADPH→ Calvin cycleC) NADPH→chlorophyll→ Calvin cycleD) H2O→photosystem I→photosystem II

E) NADPH→ electron transport chain → O2

heterotrophs (consumers)

Campbell Self quiz

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The most abundant protein in chloroplasts and probably the most abundant protein on Earth is ____________________

Which wavelengths of light does chlorophyll absorb best?

The entire range of electromagnetic radiationfrom microwaves to radiowaves is calledthe __________________________

rubisco

Red & blue violet

Electromagnetic spectrum

Chloroplasts are found mainly in which kind of cells in C3 plants? __________________

Which of the following sequences correctlyrepresents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?A) NADPH → O2→CO2

B) H2O →NADPH→ Calvin cycleC) NADPH→chlorophyll→ Calvin cycleD) H2O→photosystem I→photosystem II

E) NADPH→ electron transport chain → O2

mesophyll

Campbell Self quiz

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