Raffaella Morganti (Astron, NL) C. Tadhunter (Sheffield, UK) T. Oosterloo (Astron, NL)
Photonics and AA station design Peter Maat – ASTRON
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Transcript of Photonics and AA station design Peter Maat – ASTRON
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ASTRON / Photonics p1
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Photonics andAA station design
Peter Maat – ASTRON
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Analog Optical Link Technology in the SKA AA-low Antenna Element Connection AA-mid Tile Connection Wideband SPF Connection PAF Antenna Element Connection
AAVP 2011 p3
RFoF Technology for the SKA
General design of RFoF link
Why Photonic Technology? Broadband / High Frequency Immunity for RFI Galvanic Isolation Lightning Resistant Light Weight Small Space Envelope
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AAVP 2011 p4
Current Technology
RFoF Technology for the SKA
Syntonics
Finisar
Use PCB based RFoF technology
Expensive Large size/volume No easy integration
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Components
Lasers Fabry-Perot DFB / DBR VCSEL
Issues Availability in all l windows Modulation bandwidth Output power Temperature control
AAVP 2011 p5
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Modulators Mach-Zehnder interferometer modulator Electro-absorption modulator
Detectors PIN APD
Issues Availability at all l’s Modulation bandwidth Input power
Components
AAVP 2011 p6
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RFoF Technology for the SKA
Issues: External Modulation vs. Direct Modulation
EM: more expensive EM: better link gain Equal SFDR and transmission distance
Single mode vs. multimode Low cost Dispersion Issues
Transmission distance limitations Available optical power Chromatic dispersion
Carrier suppression effect FP laser: distance: 2 km @ 1 GHz
Modal dispersion Fiber related distortions
AAVP 2011 p7
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Photonic Coax
RFoF Technology for the SKA
AAVP 2011 p8
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Direct modulated DFB
Detector: responsivity ~ 0.9 A/W Laser: slope efficiency ~ 0.05 – 0.3 W/A Link gain ~ -25 dB
Cost Level: ~ 100 €
RFoF Technology for the SKA
AAVP 2011 p9
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Optical Analog Link Technology for the SKA - Peter Maat – ASTRON p10
RF systems with direct modulation AOL
PmaxRFin = -50 dBm
PmaxRFout = 0 dBm
150 dB/Hz160 dB/Hz170 dB/Hz
NF < 6 dB requirement is satisfied for: Pop > -8 dBm RIN = -150 dB/Hz Bandwidth of 1.2 GHz
RFoF Technology for the SKA
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Optical Analog Link Technology for the SKA - Peter Maat – ASTRON p11
PmaxRFin = -50 dBm
PmaxRFout = 0 dBm
150 dB/Hz160 dB/Hz170 dB/Hz
For 200 MHz – 1.4 GHz: SFDR = 41.5 dB For 70 MHz – 240 MHz: SFDR = 50 dB (1) For Dn = 3 GHz: SFDR = 37.5 dB
Dynamic range is limited by antenna and LNA noise
RF systems with direct modulation AOL
RFoF Technology for the SKA
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Cost and Power
DM AOL system cost: 255 Euro / Power: 0.62 W
Now: ~100 Euro
AAVP 2011 p12
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AAVP 2011 p13
Optical Tx/Rx Technology: next step
High cost level caused by expensive packaging
Technology development for cost reduction
Multiple components in a module: component integration
Lower cost packaging technology
Follow the market trends to obtain low cost technologyConnect with industry to have the technology available in time
Market trend: parallel Tx/Rx technology for e.g. 100GbE
Market trend: low cost optical interconnect technology for data centers
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AAVP 2011 p14
Example 1: IBM
Example 2: TE Connectivity
Optical Tx/Rx Technology: next step
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Future work
Inventory low cost DFB, FP, VCSEL technology
Investigation of Tx and Rx phase and amplitude stability in climate chamber (/field test)
Development of PCB based low power / low cost TX/RX technology
AAVP 2011 p15
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ASTRON / Photonics p16
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Noise sources:
Thermal noise
Shot noise
RIN
Direct Modulation: Tx/Rx Noise
RFoF Technology for the SKA
AAVP 2011 p17
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Direct Modulation: Tx/Rx Distortion
NF = ~32 dB
IIP2 = 52 dBm IIP3 = 33 dBm
OIP3 = 6 dBm OIP2 = 25 dBm
IMF2 = 47 dB (1 GHz) IMF3 = 49 dB (1 GHz)
RFoF Technology for the SKA
AAVP 2011 p18