MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS VOLUME 261

Photo-Induced Space Charge Effects in Semiconductors: Electro-Optics, Photoconductivity

and the Photorefractive Effect

Symposium held April 29-May 1, 1992, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.

EDITORS:

D.D. Nolte Purdue University

West Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A.

N.M. Haegel University of California-Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.

K.W. Goossen AT&T Bell Laboratories

Holmdel, New Jersey, U.S.A.

1мТШ MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Contents

PREFACE ix

MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS x

INTRODUCTION

ELECTRO-OPTICS, PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY AND THE PHOTOREFRACTIVE EFFECT 3

K.W. Goossen, N.M. Haegel, and D.D. Nolte

PART I: ELECTRO-OPTICS

»HETERO n-i-p-i STRUCTURES FOR NONLINEAR OPTICS AND FOR STUDIES OF CHARGE CARRIER TRANSPORT 13

Alan Kost

APPLYING KUKHTAREV'S CHARGE TRANSPORT MODEL TO MULTIPLE QUANTUM-WELL HETERO-NIPIS 21

Daniel Mahgerefteh and Elsa Garmire

•DYNAMIC OPERATION OF QUANTUM WELL SEED'S 27 Leo M.F. Chirovsky

INTEGRATION OF HETEROJUNCTION BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS AND SHALLOW QUANTUM WELL MODULATORS FOR SMART PIXEL FABRICATION 33

K.W. Goossen, J.E. Cunningham, W.Y. Jan, and J.A. Walker

NEW THEORETICAL TREATMENT OF ELECTROREFLECTANCE FROM SURFACES AND INTERFACES HAVING LARGE BUILT-IN FIELDS 39

J.W. Garland, Z. Zhang, С Kim, D. Yang, and P.M. Raccah

VACUUM ELECTROREFLECTANCE: OVERCOMING THE DIFFICULTIES OF ELECTROLYTE ELECTROREFLECTANCE AND PHOTOREFLECTANCE 45

Silvia L. Mioc, Paul M. Raccah, and James W. Garland

APPLICATIONS OF OPTOELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE MEASURE­MENTS ON ELECTROLYTE/DIELECTRIC/SEMICONDUCTOR STRUCTURE: CARTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS 51

J.R. Martin, P. Royer, and E. Souteyrand

RAMAN AND ELLIPSOMETRIC STUDIES OF DELTA-DOPED GaAs 57 H. Yao, E.F. Schubert, and R.F. Kopf

THE CONFINING POTENTIAL FOR CARRIERS IN PLANAR DOPED GaAs AND THE EFFECT OF PHOTOEXCITATION 63

D. Richards, J. Wagner, K. Ploog, and A. Fischer

EXCITON TRANSITIONS IN NARROW GaAs/AlxGa, As QUANTUM WELLS 69 O.L. Russo, V. Rehn, T.W. Nee, T.L. Cole, W.M. Theis, and С Schwartz

NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF ZnSe/GaAs HETERO-STRUCTURE USING TRANSVERSE ACOUSTOELECTRIC VOLTAGE SPECTROSCOPY 75

K.J. Han, A. Abbate, I.B. Bhat, S. Akram, and P. Das

•Invited Paper

v

A THEORETICAL STUDY OF BAND OFFSET MODIFICATION AT THE InAs/GaAs INTERFACE 81

T-H. Shen and C.C. Matthai

PART II: PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY

»TERAHERTZ BEAMS: GENERATION AND SPECTROSCOPY 89 Stephen E. Ralph and D. Grischkowsky

SPACE CHARGE EFFECTS DUE TO NEAR CONTACT NON-UNIFORM ELECTRIC FIELDS IN SEMI-INSULATING GaAs 101

Narbeh Derhacobian and Nancy M. Haegel

OPTICALLY CONTROLLED SPACE CHARGE FIELDS UNDER THE ELECTRODE REGION IN CADMIUM TELLURIDE 107

Mehrdad Ziari and William H. Steier

TRANSIENT RESPONSE AND SPACE CHARGE EFFECTS IN EXTRINSIC PHOTOCONDUCTORS 113

N.M. Haegel, CA. Latasa, G.L. Fong, and A.M. White

A NOVEL WAVELENGTH TUNABLE SILICON DETECTOR FOR INFRARED DETECTION 119

A.G.U. Perera, R.E. Sherriff, M.H. Francombe, and R.P. Devaty

PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON TRANSFER COUNTER TO THE BIAS FIELD IN COUPLED QUANTUM WELLS 125

Mark I. Stockman, Leonid S. Muratov, Lakshmi N. Pandey, and Thomas F. George

EVIDENCE OF ELECTRICAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PHOTO-INDUCED CHARGE CARRIERS AND MOVING DISLOCATIONS IN RED MERCURIC IODIDE 131

Jochen Marschall and Frederick Milstein

DIRECT IN-SITU OBSERVATION OF CHARGE CARRIER SEPARATION DURING FORMATION OF AN AMORPHOUS SILICON/CRYSTALLINE SILICON HETEROJUNCTION 137

H.C. Neitzert, W. Hirsch, and M. Kunst

CARRIER INJECTION AND SPACE CHARGE EFFECTS IN a-Si:H/ CRYSTALLINE Si HETEROJUNCTIONS 143

A. Sanders, С Swiatkowski, P. Grunow, W. Hirsch, H.C. Neitzert, and M. Kunst

APPLICATION OF SURFACE PHOTOVOLTAGE SPECTROSCOPY IN SURFACE ANALYSIS 149

Iain D. Baikie, Eimert Venderbosch, and Birgitta Hall

A NOVEL TECHNIQUE FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF AMORPHOUS SILICON THIN FILMS 155

V. Malhotra and M. Weling

PHOTOINDUCED SPACE CHARGE EFFECTS ON CURRENT NOISE IN PHOTOCONDUCTING INSULATORS 161

A. Carbone and P. Mazzetti

A COMPUTER ASSISTED STUDY OF CHAOTIC BEHAVIOR IN INTRINSIC PHOTOCONDUCTORS 167

Alicia Serfaty, N.V. Joshi, and J.M. Martin

»Invited Paper

VI

ION-IMPLANTED GERMANIUM FAR-INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS 175 I.C. Wu and E.E. Haller

PART III: PHOTOREFRACTIVE EFFECT

INFLUENCE OF THE PHOTOINDUCED EL2 GRATING ON ELECTRON AND HOLE GRATINGS GENERATED IN GaAs 183

Laurent Disdier and Gerald Roosen

TWO-WAVE MIXING GAIN VS. INTENSITY DEPENDENCE IN PHOTO­REFRACTIVE GaAs:EL2 IN PRESENCE OF STRONG ELECTRON/HOLE COMPETITION 191

Philippe Gravey, Nicole Wolffer, Gilbert Picoli, Olivier Renais, and Jean-Emmanuel Viallet

LARGE MODULATION EFFECTS ON PHOTOREFRACTIVE GRATING FORMATIONS WITH MOVING GRATINGS 197

George A. Brost

PHOTOINDUCED SPACE-CHARGE GRATINGS IN SEMI-INSULATING MULTIPLE QUANTUM WELLS 203

Q. Wang, R.M. Brubaker, D.D. Nolte, and M.R. Melloch

NEW CONCEPT OF MULTILAYER PHOTOREFRACTIVE DEVICE 209 Jean Emmanuel Viallet, Gilbert Picoli, and Philippe Gravey

PART IV: SPACE-CHARGE SPECTROSCOPY

NON-CONTACT, NO WAFER PREPARATION DEEP LEVEL TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY (DLTS) BASED ON SURFACE PHOTOVOLTAGE (SPV) 217

Jacek Lagowski, Piotr Edelman, and Mark Dexter

SURFACE CHARGE IMAGING IN SEMICONDUCTOR WAFERS BY SURFACE PHOTOVOLTAGE (SPV) 223

Piotr Edelman, Jacek Lagowski, and Lubek Jastrzebski

ELECTRO-OPTICAL STUDIES OF VANADIUM IN GaP BY SPACE CHARGE SPECTROSCOPIES 229

Georges Bremond, G. Guillot, P. Roura, and W. Ulrici

DEEP LEVEL ENERGY ANALYSIS OF SURFACE AND BULK DEFECTS USING A NONCONTACT LASER/MICROWAVE PHOTOCONDUCTANCE TECHNIQUE 235

A. Buczkowski, G.A. Rozgonyi, and F. Shimura

STUDY OF THE INHOMOGENEITIES IN SEMI-INSULATING GaAs AND InP BY SPATIALLY RESOLVED PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY 241

M.A. Gonzalez, J. Jimenez, P. Martin, L.F. Sanz, M. Chafai, and M. Avella

PROSPECTIVE CONDUCTING POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIALS 247 Anatoliy T. Ponomarenko, Vitaliy G. Shevchenko, and Yuri G. Kryazhev

PHOTO-HALL, PR, PL, AND PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY STUDY ON NATIVE DEFECTS IN CuInS2

H.Y. Ueng, Y.H. Cheng, and H.L. Hwang 253

A NEW METHOD FOR IDENTIFICATION OF ELECTRON AND HOLE TRAPS IN Si-GaAs BY MODULATED PITS AND TSC 259

Wang Zhangao, Li Chengji, Zhang Hui, Li Yunyan, and Lin Lanying

AUTHOR INDEX 265

SUBJECT INDEX 267

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