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Transcript of Photo Copy Machine
A SURVEY REPORT ON
“Product versus Price”of
“DETERGENT CAKE ”IN THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE DEGREE OF
\
2012-2013
Under Guidance Of - Submitted by -Miss Devagya Shrivastava Rahul Kurmi
BBA (Hons) 16th Batch 3rd Semester
FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES
Department of Business Management
Preface
The Project work is field which uses tools and techniques to transfer subjectivity in the environment into objectives, also the findings of the
research, when applied show results, which can be measured and evaluated so there is feedback this is what makes it a dynamic activity.
This survey is an analytical study of a different facts of the product versus price. The focus is given on the Brand profile. This project entitled “Product versus Price of Photo Copier Machines” is for the partial fulfillment of B.B.A(Hons) Degree.
The idea behind this project is to give practical knowledge and to make them to face real life situation. The project survey is commonly used for the collection from the respondents through questionnaire. In this method statistical techniques have been used systematically. This project survey is not only with my own efforts but also that of others.
Abhijeet shrivastava
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to whole hearty thank and express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Y.S.
Thakur Head of the Department of Department of Business Management, Dr.
Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (M.P) for suggesting me this problem
and for giving an insight in delaing with the subject.
I am highly obliged to Miss Devagya Shrivastava Lecturer & Faculty member,
for guiding me in various aspects of this project like conducting field work and
designing questionnaire and suggesting me the Project Work and helping me in
finalising the Report. I express my gratitude to all the customers who very
kindly discussed various aspects of this study and provided useful suggestions
for discussing various problems.
Lastly, I Must express my gratitude to all the elders of the family and citizen of
the city who blessed me in course of discussion. I also extend my sincere
thanks to my family and my friends for their encouragement and support. I
would like to thank all the Faculty Members of my Departmant Dr. Shree
Bhagwat, Mr. Ankur Randhelia, Mr. Girbal Singh Lodhi, Mr. Ankur Gautam,
Mr. Himanshu Katare, Mrs. Jyoti Pandey, Miss Mayuri Jain & last but not the
least Miss Shakuntala Yadav.
Abhijeet Shrivastava
Department of Business ManagementDr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwvidhyalaya, Sagar
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr Abhijeet Shrivastava Student of B.B.A. (Hons)
16th Batch, Department of Business Management, Dr. Hari Singh Gour
Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (M.P.) Has diligently worked on the Survey Report of
the “Product versus Price of Photo Copier Machinnes”. He has done this
Work under My Guidance and Supervision. This project work is original and
not submitted earlier for the award of any degree or associate ship of any other
University.
During this study he made meticulous efforts for its completion. I wish
him all the best in this sincere endeavors for a bright and successful future.
Signature of the Signature of the Signature of the
Supervisor Head of the Department
Examiner
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the Survey Report entitled “Product versus
Price of Photo Copier Machines” submitted to the Department of Business
Management, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (M.P.), is a record
of an original work done by me under the guidance of Miss Devagya
Shrivastava Lecturer & Faculty Member at the Department of Business
Management Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar (M.P.). I also
ensure that this work done by me is purely original and is my own creativity.
Date : Abhijeet Shrivastava
Place : Enrollment no.:
Table of Contents
Preface Acknowledgement Certificate Declaration
S.No. Chapter No. P.No.
1). Chapter I Introduction 1.1 History 1.2 Scop of study 1.3 objectives
2). Chapter II Research Methodology 2.1 Research design 2.2 Data Collection 2.3 Primary Data 2.4 Secondary Data 2.5 Sampling Method 2.6 Sample Size 2.7 Research tools 2.8 Research Area 3). Chapter III Data Analysis and interpretation 4). Chapter IV SWOT Analysis 5). Chapter V Limitations 6). Chapter VI Findings & Suggestions 7). Chapter VII Conclusion . Bibliography A format of the questionnaire
Introduction
A photocopier (or copier) is a machine that makes paper copies of documents
and other visual images quickly and cheaply. Most current photocopiers use a
technology called xerography,a dry process using heat. (Xerographic office
photocopying was introduced by ,in the 1960s, and over the following 20 years
it gradually replaced copies made by Verifax, Photostat,carbon copy
mimography machines,and other duplicating machine.The prevalence of its use
is one of the factors that prevented the development of the paperless office
heralded early in the digital revolution.
Photocopying is widely used in business, education, and government. There
have been many predictions that photocopiers will eventually become obsolete
as information workers continue to increase their digital document creation and
distribution, and rely less on distributing actual pieces of paper.
In 1937, Bulgarian physicist Georgi Nadjakov found that, when placed into an
electric field and exposed to light, some dielectrics acquire permanent electric
polarization in the exposed areas. That polarization persists in the dark and is
destroyed in light.Chester Carlson, the inventor of photocopying, was
originally a patent attorney, as well as a part-time researcher and inventor. His
job at the patent office in New York required him to make a large number of
copies of important papers. Carlson, who was arthritic, found this to be a
painful and tedious process. This motivated him to conduct experiments with
photoconductivity. Carlson used his kitchen for his "electrophotography"
experiments, and, in 1938, he applied for a patent for the process. He made the
first photocopy using a zinc plate covered with sulfur. The words "10-22-38
Astoria" were written on a microscope slide, which was placed on top of more
sulfur and under a bright light. After the slide was removed, a mirror image of
the words remained. Carlson tried to sell his invention to some companies, but
failed because the process was still underdeveloped. At the time, multiple
copies were most commonly made at the point of document origination, using
carbon paper or manual .
History
The 914 was the first one-piece plain paper photocopier, and sold in the
thousands. was founded in 1906 in Rochester, New York as "The Haloid
Company", which originally manufactured photographic paper and equipment.
The company subsequently changed its name to "Haloid " in 1958 and then
simply "" in 1961. The company came to prominence in 1959 with the
introduction of the 914, the first plain paper photocopier using the process of
xerography developed by Chester Carlson. The 914 was so popular that by the
end of 1961, had almost $60 million in revenue. By 1965, revenues leaped to
over $500 million. Before releasing the 914, had also introduced the first
xerographic printer, the "Copyflo" in 1955.
The company expanded substantially throughout the 1960s, making
millionaires of some
long-suffering investors who had nursed the company through the slow
research and development phase of the product. In 1960, the "Wilson Center
for Research and Technology" was opened in Webster, New York, a research
facility for xerography. Then in 1961, the company changed its name to "
Corporation". common stock (XRX) was listed on the New York Stock
Exchange in 1961 and on the Chicago Stock Exchange in 1990.
In 1963, introduced the 813, the first desktop plain-paper copier, bringing
Carlson's vision of a copier that could fit on anyone's office desk into a reality.
Ten years later in 1973, a color copier followed.
In 1969, acquired Scientific Data Systems [SDS], and produced the Sigma line
of 32-bit mainframe computers in the 1960s and 1970s.
The laser printer was invented in 1969 by researcher Gary Starkweather by
modifying a copier. This development resulted in the first commercially
available laser printer, the 9700, being launched in 1977. Laser printing
eventually became a multi billion dollar business for
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SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This project gives us great exposure to the photo copier machines market
because it includes product knowledge and field survey job in which we visited
the consumer durable stores in Sagar city.
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OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
To find the number of brands of Photo copier machines in Sagar city.
To study brand preference of consumer for Photo Copier Machines.
To find most important parameter for selection of brand of Photo Copier
Machines.
To find out the brand leader of Photo Copier Machines in Sagar city.
To know the impact of advertisements on the customers.
To know, Photo Copier Machines of what price range is mostly bought
by the customers.
Product of Office product of Color Multifunction A complete line of office color laser multifunction printers that copy, print, scan, and fax all in one.
(A) Phaser 6128MFP
Print, copy, scan, fax, emailBest for small, frequent jobs in a small work team or personal environmentColor: up to 12 ppmBlack: up to 16 ppmStandard paper capacity: 251 sheetsMaximum paper capacity: 251 sheets (B) Phaser 6115MFP
Print, copy, scan, faxBest for small, frequent print jobs in a workgroup or personal environmentColor: up to 5 ppmBlack: up to 20 ppmStandard paper capacity: 200 sheet
(C) Phaser 8860MFP
Print, copy, scan, faxColor output for the price of black-and-white
Cartridge-free solid ink technologyBlack: up to 30 ppm Color: up to 30 ppmStandard paper capacity: 625 sheetsMaximum paper capacity: 1,675 sheets
(D) Phaser 6180MFPoint requiring customer commitment.Environmental Record:
U.S. office workers print an average of 10,000 pages per year. However,
developing and designing printers consumes thousands of reams of paper a day.
This is not usually seen by the general public but needs to be disclosed
nonetheless. According to , around 40 percent of the pages printed out by
people are only viewed once before being thrown away. is making attempts at
reducing that number with “erasable paper.” This new type of paper is
embedded with chemicals that are sensitive to light. When different
wavelengths of light touch its surface, the paper darkens, and this in turn gives
the “printed text or image” look. The images stay on the paper for between 16
and 24 hours before dissolving, and this allows the paper to be used again in
the future.
PRODUCT VS PRICE
• The latest move comes in the wake of the high profile launch of Canan
photo coier machine.
• Canan and xeror always created problems for sharp and ripo. The
migration of richo to sharp is aimed at countering canan.
• In our market canan and xerox is very high competicion.
Respondent (No.)
Canon18%
Ricoh15%
Sharp15%
Xerox52%
Canon
Ricoh
Sharp
Xerox
Research methodology
is used to search answers of the research questions. An attempt has been
made to describe the nature of the people of A Survey Report On Photo Copies
Machines city by the study of the samples.
Methodology in common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. The
advanced learner’s dictionary of current English lays down the meaning of
research as “a careful investigation or enquiry especially through search for
new facts in any branch of knowledge”. Some people consider research as a
movement, movements from known to unknown. It is actually a voyage of
discovery. We all posses the vital instinct of inquisitiveness for, when the
unknown confront us, we wonder and our inquisitiveness makes us probe and
attain full and fuller understanding of the unknown. This inquisitiveness is the
mother of all the knowledge and the method, which man employs for obtaining
the knowledge of whatever the unknown, can be termed as research.
Methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. It
may be understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically.
Learning more about the consumer and about marketing is the heart of the
research methodology. The research methodology has many dimensions and
research methods to constitute a part of the research methodology.
Data Collection
This report was prepared after collecting data from the retailers/ dealers and
past data was arranged from the various studies conducted in last few years and
various other records of company.
Primary Data
These data were collected by personal interview with retailers/ dealer. For this
purpose questionnaires were prepared in such that all necessary data would be
collected.
Secondary DataInformation regarding the project, secondary data was also required. These data
were collected from various sources of the companies like prizes of various
brands.
Sampling MethodRandom Sampling method
Sample Size10 Dealers & 20 Customer
Research tools:Questionnaires
Research AreaSagar city
Research design
The blue print for collection s, compilations and analysis of data. Salter
defined research design as” The arrangement of condition for
collection and analysis of data in a manner Research design is important
primarily because of the increased complexity in the market as well as
marketing approaches available to the researchers. In fact, it is the key to the
evolution of successful marketing strategies and programmers. It is an
important tool to study buyer’s behavior, consumption pattern, brand loyalty,
and focus market changes. A research design specifies the methods and
procedures for conducting a particular study. According to Kerlinger,
“Research Design is a plan, conceptual structure, and strategy of investigation
conceived as to obtain answers to research questions and to control
variance. Research design specifies methods and procedures for study. In this
study the company was interested to know the demand of different consumer
durable product, about competitors, and potential for Detergent cakes
procedures to be used for the study among retailers/dealer and. However it was
exclusively personal interview.
RESEARCH PROCESS
Problem Formulation
Research Design
Sample Design
Data Collection Technique
Field Work Analysis
and Interpretation and Research Report
Data Anaylysis and Interpretation
Q6: Does other feature like MFD(multi function device) play a significant role
when you purchasing
photocopier machine?
Satisfaction level Respondent (No.)
Disagree 12
No answer 3
Agree 5
Q1: Which brand of photocopier machine you use?
Satisfaction level Respondent (No.)
Canon 12
Ricoh 5
Sharp 3
20
Respondent (No.)
Canon18%
Ricoh15%
Sharp15%
Xerox52%
Canon
Ricoh
Sharp
Xerox
Interpretation:
During market analysis we find that mostly organization use the photocopier Machine in A Survey Report On Photo Copies Machines . Its indicate that the percentage of photocopier machine
In A Survey Report On Photo Copies Machines high than other copier machine.
Q2: Does brand name influence your purchasing behaviour while installing the
photocopier
Machines?
Satisfaction level Respondent (No.)
Yes 16
No 4
Respondent (No.)
80, 80%
20, 20%
Yes
No
Interpretation:
During market analysis mostly peoples who work in
organization said that brand
name influence the purchasing behaviour while installing the photocopier machines.
pQ3: How printing cost influence your installation decision?
Satisfaction level Respondent (No.)
Disagree 4
No answer 10
Agree 6
Respondent (No.)
Disagree, 25, 25%
No answer, 15, 15%
Agree, 60, 60%
Disagree
No answer
Agree
Interpretation: By market analysis of copier used in office ,we analyze that 60%
of people said that
Printing cost influence installation decision and 25% peoples are
disagree , 15% People was not gave the answer.
Q4: Does power consumption of machines is a considerable factor while
choosing a machine?
Satisfaction level Respondent (No.)
Yes 15
No 5
Respondent (No.)
Respondent (No.), Yes,
85%
Respondent (No.), No,
15%
Yes
No
Interpretation:
By market analysis of copier used in office ,we analyze that 85%
of people said that
Power consumption influence installation decision and 15%
peoples are disagree.
Q5: The speed of a machine (ppm-paper per minute) is considerable factor
while choosing a Machine?
Satisfaction level Respondent (No.)
Disagree 7
No answer 2
Agree 11
Respondent (No.)
Disagree28%
No answer15%
Agree57%
Disagree
No answer
Agree
Interpretation:
By market analysis of copier used in organization ,we analyze
that 57% of people said
that speed of a machine (ppm-paper per minute) is considerable
factor while choosing
a machine and 28% peoples are disagree, 15% people was not
gave the answer.
Disagree, 35
No answer, 15
Agree, 50
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Disagree No answer Agree
Respondent (No.)
Respondent (No.)
Interpretation: By market analysis of copier used in organization ,we analyze
that 50% of people
said that MFD play a significant role when you purchasing
copier machine and 35% people disagree and 15%was not gave the answer.
SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths
1. Photo copier machines are much needed then other consumer goods.
2. Photo copier machines making companies are giving very good quality
products to there customers.
3. Photo copier machines making companies are also providing best
services to its customers;
4 .photo copier machines have raised standard of working of the people. 5.
Photo copier machines advertisement is very high and every person is aware
6.photo copier machines is a covered maximum areas.
Weakness
1. Photo copier machines warranty is not very good.
2. Photo copier machines service of some companies needs some
rectification.
3. Some photo copier machines price is very high
4 .High requierment and less production.Opportunity
1. Photo copier machines making companies can cover more rural areas.
2. Photo copier machines have to be more versatile like USP compatibility.
3. Expansion of industries
Threats
1.Personal Computers and Laptops are the biggest threat
2..Chinese companies are also wrapping up the markets of photo copier
machines sector.
3. Low rate of production.
4. Less margin for distributor.
LIMITATION OF STUDY
Although I tried my best in preparation of this project, but this study has some
limitation:
1.The period of the project was not sufficient to study all the factors in deep.
2.Visiting various places for the study consumed a lot of time.
3.We cannot say that what the consumer have revealed will be right for each
and every situation because their perception is influenced by many factors.
4.Many consumer and dealers/retailers showed less interest in providing information and haven’t cooperated.
FINDING
1. We came to know while visiting the shop most of the dealers sold entire
consumer durable product like Photo copier machines .
2. We know that during the survey in consumer durable industry in Sagar city
and rural area of Sagar city . Canon is leading in Photo copier machines sales.
3. Study shows that quality is most important parameter for more sale of photo
copier machines and then price is considered by consumers.
4. While visiting the shop we came to know that quality is most important
parameter which is affect on more sales of Photo copier machines.
5. According to Survey, is most popular brand advertisement for Photo copier
machines.
6. We came to know that while visiting the shop,canon is most preferable brand
for portable Photo copier machinesbecause of their quality.
7. While visiting the shop we know that Canon is gives high profit margin as
compare to other competitors.
SUGGESTIONS &RECOMANDETION
Company should improve the after sales service of products as it is the
main factor for the sales of consumer products.
Companies should distribute free key chain, calendar, t-shirts for making
brand popular among people.
Company should introduce low price and low power consumption photo
copier machines for acquiring the middle income group.
Dealer desire more advertisement to be done through local newspaper
and cable TV ads. To make consumers aware about the product.
Prompt of service in time.
Advertisements of the company’s products should focus on quality rather
then price.
Company should target upper middle class or premium class customers.
Company should introduce low cost products to satisfy the needs of low
or middle class.
Demo calls as well as follow up Help Company to maintain customer
relationship and hence the company should focus on these aspects.
Canon ltd. should concentrate on after sales service.
Canon ltd. should try to trap the rural market.
Conclusions
1.As for as the entire project is concern Photo copier machine has got a very
good brand image into the market.
2.With respect to the above study and the findings thereby, the companies has
definitely entrenched into the urban market.
3.With few more concerted efforts,thesaid organization needs to enter the rural
market in order to completely establish itself all over.
4.. Canan company is leading in Photo copier machines sale than other
company.and price of canan also low.
DR. HARI SINGH GOUR UNIVERSITY SAGAR FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES
QUESTIONNAIRE
Frame Name ______________________________________
Q1: Does other feature like MFD(multi function device) play a significant role when you purchasing photocopier machine? Satisfaction level Respondent (No.)
Disagree 12
No answer 3
Agree 5 Q2: Which brand of photocopier machine you use?Satisfaction level Respondent (No.)
Canon 12
Ricoh 5
Sharp 3
20
Q3: Does brand name influence your purchasing behaviour while installing the photocopier Machines?
Satisfaction level Respondent (No.)
Yes 16
No 4
Q4: How printing cost influence your installation decision?Satisfaction level Respondent (No.)
Disagree 4
No answer 10
Agree 6Q5: Does power consumption of machines is a considerable factor while choosing a machine? Satisfaction level Respondent (No.)
Yes 15
No 5
Q6: The speed of a machine (ppm-paper per minute) is considerable factor while choosing a Machine?Satisfaction level Respondent (No.)
Disagree 7
No answer 2
Agree 11
THANKING YOU
Place
Date Customer Signature
Bibliography
1. www.moneycontrol.com
2. www.economictimes.indiatimes.com
Books:
C.R.Kothari - Research Methodology
K.Paneersalem - Research Methodology
Philip Kotler - Marketing