Republic of Congo: Mayombe Belt geology Regional Geology Congo Gold’s permits extend over some 100 km of strike length over the Mayombe Belt, along which alluvial gold has been exploited almost continuously since at least the 1940s through both semi-mechanised and artisanal methods. Prior to the current work programmes of Congo Gold, the only systematic exploration for the primary source of gold feeding into the extensive alluvial goldfields was conducted by SAMAX Gold in the 1990s; this programme was stopped due to the onset of the civil war. In geological terms, the Mayombe Belt is interpreted to represent a 1,000-900 million year (‘ma’) old NW-SE trending rifted basin setting at the western edge of the Congo Craton which comprises Lower Proterozoic and Archaean basement.

The oldest and deepest basin fill comprises a mix of aerial / sub-aerial mafic-intermediate volcanics / volcanoclastics and fine grained sediments. In the Mayombe, this early rift fill is considered to be represented by the Loukoula Formation which

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comprises an intercalated mix of sericitic schists / phyllites, quartz schists +/- chlorite, carbonaceous phyllites, localised amphibolites and thin quartzitic units. The quartz porphyry schists of the Kakamoeka district (dated by others at +/- 920ma) are here interpreted as being rhyolitic sills (perhaps with a sub-aerial component) intruded concordantly into the volcano-sedimentary pile. The Loukoula Formation is traditionally considered to be overlain by the schists and quartzites of the Mvouti and Mossouva Formations which, however, could conceivably be in part laterally equivalent facies of similar age to the Loukoula Formation. The well developed quarzitic units probably represent a proximal facies to the rift margins. Granites are locally intruded into all of the Formations, providing for a youngest age of the rift infill at about 900ma.

A considerable period of subsequent erosion / non-deposition preceded the unconformable development of the mainly calcareous west Congolian Supergroup, which forms the extensive carbonate platform to the north-east of the Mayombe Belt.

Deformation and a low level (lower to middle greenschist facies) of metamorphism occurred during the Pan African aged (+/- 570ma) structural event that involved the collision of the Congo craton to the east with that of the South American terrains (Sao Francisco) to the west as part of the amalgamation of Gondwanaland.

The Pan African aged collision was regionally complex, with rotational movement and abundant strike slip motion. However, in the Mayombe basin itself closure appears to have been relatively straightforward with the development of a foreland thrust belt that resulted in inversion of the rifted sediments, perhaps controlled by earlier bounding rift faults.

Proximal to the easterly rift margin, and perhaps in part controlled by the more massif sandstone / quartzitic units, deformation was taken up by a combination of large scale NW striking folding and thrusting.

Mayombe Est Permit

Exploration by Congo Gold has been focused within 6 km of the village of Dimonika, which is accessed by a 5 km long single lane laterite road which connects with the main N1 highway that links Pointe Noire to Brazzaville. Dimonika is renowned for being the centre of an extensive area of alluvial gold mining, with nearly every drainage within a 20 km2 area having been exploited for gold since the 1940s.

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Photo: artisanal miner re-working a previously mined drainage.

The area comprises steep rainforest covered hillslopes, with ridges commonly about 150-200 metres above the valley floors. The region lies within a ‘buffer zone’ of the Dimonika Biosphere Reserve, and Congo Gold is scheduled to prepare an environmental and social impact assessment with regard to its future drilling programmes.

Photo: Dimonika Village.

Exploration work to date has entailed non-intrusive field mapping, supported by localised pitting, trenching and soil geochemistry. This allows for a geological interpretation of the area that envisages a

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series of intercalated quartzites and predominantly quartz-sericite phyllites that have been folded along WNW trending axes. Semi-ductile and brittle faulting developed parallel to the fold axes with the generation of quartz stockwork and breccia zones. Commonly the stockwork and breccia zones are strongly ferruginised in the zone of oxidation with evidence suggesting that the ferruginisation may be after sulphide. It is these stockwork and breccia zones that are considered to be the primary hosts for gold mineralisation in the region. An environmentally low impact rotary air blast (‘RAB’) drilling programme is in progress, using a company owned and operated small, track based RAB drill rig and associated compressor. The size of the equipment is such that it can move through the forest on narrow, hand cut trails that do not require any tree felling. The rig is designed to drill inclined holes of less than 40 metres length within the weathered (lateritic) bedrock. This equipment enables Congo Gold to identify the stockwork and breccia zones beneath the cover of clay and colluvial material on the rainforest floor, and facilitates the planning of a subsequent core drilling programme. The target zones will be tested with a man portable core drill rig, with the capability of penetrating 150-200 metres of fresh bedrock. This equipment will access the forest along the trails prepared for the RAB rig.

Photo: track mounted RAB rig and compressor in the rainforest.

The result of the exploration to date at Dimonika indicates the presence of at least 10 parallel quartz stockwork and breccia zones, each being from 2- 4 km in length with individual widths seemingly of the order of 10-30 metres or more. The core drilling programme scheduled for Quarter 3 2015 will provide the first indications of the potential for these structures to host economic gold mineralisation.

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Figure: The Dimonika area showing the drainages worked for gold in red, within a fault bound NW corridor. The target quartz stockwork and breccia zones are shown in magenta.

Kakamoeka Permit Exploration undertaken on the Kakamoeka permit has primarily focused on the Bissindji prospect, although historic and semi-mechanised and artisanal mining across the permit area highlights the potential for further centres of primary gold mineralisation to be identified.

Figure: An interpretive geological framework for the Kakamoeka, Kakamoeka-Poumbou and Sounda-Banga permits. Whereas historical and active alluvial gold mining is prevalent on the Kakamoeka and Sounda-Banga permits little is known regarding Kakamoeka-Poumbou due to its remote location from existing infrastructure. Reconnaissance stream sediment sampling by Congo Gold has demonstrated the continuation of the gold belts through on to the Kakamoeka-Poumbou permit.

In 2012 Congo Gold flew an airborne VTEM and magnetic survey, the results of which are used extensively to understand the geological framework of the rainforest covered Kakamoeka permit.

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At Bissindji, a 4 km long part of the 30 km long zone has been explored in detail, with field mapping and soil geochemistry (MMI and conventional) having delineated a number of steeply dipping quartz + sulphide vein arrays and quartz + sulphide stockwork zones along the length of the explored area. These zones are primarily hosted by quartz porphyry schists, within an extensive package of chloritic and sericitic schists.

Figure: Bissindji prospect; MMI response ratio for Au with quartz+sulphide zones interpreted from field mapping in magenta. Regional structures interpreted from VTEM shown in red. Drainages in blue, with yellow ornament where worked for alluvial gold.

A RAB programme (using the company owned drill rig) has been undertaken across a 1 km strike length, in an area that was previously trenched by SAMAX Gold in 1996. The shallow RAB drilling confirmed the location of quartz + sulphide zones, with strong indications of gold mineralisation. The area is scheduled for core drilling.

Figure: The central part of the Bissindji prospect, showing the location of RAB collars and the interpreted location and correlation of quartz + sulphide zones, with results in g/t gold.

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The Kakamoeka-Poumbou and Sounda-Banga permits are contiguous with the Kakamoeka permit, with first pass stream sediment reconnaissance exploration by Congo Gold indicating that the mineralised structures recognised at Kakamoeka appear to extend through into these permits.

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