PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL FOR LAGOON OPERATORS
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Transcript of PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL FOR LAGOON OPERATORS
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PHOSPHORUS REMOVALFOR
LAGOON OPERATORS
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WHY THE CONCERN OVERWHY THE CONCERN OVER
P
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EutrophicationEutrophicationEutrophicationEutrophicationFrom the Greek word “Eutrophos”, meaning
“well nourished”
Describes the biological reactions of aquatic systems to nutrient enrichment
Natural aging process
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“Eutrophos”, meaning “well nourished”
Biological reactions of aquatic systems to nutrient enrichment
Natural Aging Process
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EutrophicationEutrophicationEutrophicationEutrophicationRate of Eutrophication is increased by human
activities (Cultural Eutrophication)
Wastewater DischargesWWTPOn-Site SystemsCombined Sewer Overflow
Stormwater Run-Off
Development
Agriculture
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Control of EutrophicationControl of Eutrophication
Weed ControlMechanicalChemical
Control Discharge of NutrientsOrganicsNitrogenPhosphorus
Control Development
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Control of Eutrophication - Nutrient Control
Nitrogen
Essential NutrientVery available in natureNot practical to control
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Essential NutrientNot easily replaced in nature
P removal is practical
Phosphorus
Control of Eutrophication - Nutrient Control
The Phosphorus Cycle
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Orthophosphate• Simple Phosphate, PO4
• soluble• household cleaning agents• industrial cleaners; phosphoric acid
Forms and Sources of Phosphorus
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Polyphosphate (condensed phosphate)• more complex, chained molecules• soluble• home, industrial detergents• potable water treatment• decomposes to Ortho-P
Forms and Sources of Phosphorus
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Organic Phosphorus• complex organic compounds• soluble or particulate• decomposes to Ortho-P
Forms and Sources of Phosphorus
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Phosphorus RemovalPhosphorus Removal
• Removal of Settleable Solids Provides
Some Phosphorus Removal
Primary Sedimentation 5 - 15 %•Biological Wastewater Treatment Systems Will Remove Phosphorus
100:5:1 (C:N:P)Primary and TF 20 - 30 %Primary and AS 30 - 50 %
•Total Influent P Typically 4 - 6 mg/L
•NPDES Permits Limit Effluent P 1 mg/L and Lower
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1. Enhanced Biological Uptake
Removal of Ortho-P may Occur Through:
2. Chemical Precipitation
Phosphorus RemovalPhosphorus Removal
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Treatment Process
PrecipCoagulation
Flocculation
Separation
itation
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•Organic and CondensedOrganic and Condensed Phosphorus
Compounds Must Be Converted to
Ortho-POrtho-P
for Efficient P Removal
Chemical Precipitation
Phosphorus RemovalPhosphorus Removal
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Chemical Phosphorus RemovalChemical Phosphorus Removal
Soluble Phosphateplus
Metal Saltsform
Insoluble Phosphorus Compounds
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Chemical RemovalChemical Removal
M+3 +( M+3 = Metal in Solution )
Metals used are: Aluminum, Al
Iron, Fe
PRECIPITATION
PO4-3 MPO4
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Chemicals Usedfor
Precipitation
Most Common in Michigan:
Alum
Ferric Chloride
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FERRIC IRON - Fe+3FERRIC IRON - Fe+3
M+3 + PO4-3 MPO4
Fe+3 + PO4-3 FePO4
Weight RatioFe+3 to P
1.8 : 1
FeCl3 : P5.2 : 1
Starting Dosage 20-25 mg/L
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ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS
Aluminum Sulfate (Alum)Al2(SO4)3
. 14H2O
Sodium AluminateNa2Al2O4
Aluminum ChlorideAlCl3
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Alum Dosage Rates
Al2(SO4)3 + 2PO4-3 2AlPO4
Weight Ratio
Al+3 : P0.87 : 1
Alum to Phosphorus9.6 : 1
Starting Dosage 40-50 mg/L
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•Organic and Condensed Phosphorus
Compounds Must Be Converted to
Ortho-P
for Efficient P Removal
Chemical Precipitation
Phosphorus Removal
AFTER PRIMARY POND
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Treatment Process
Precipitation
Coagulation
Flocculation
Separation
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Feed
Impeller
Overflow
FLASH MIX TANKFLASH MIX TANK
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FLASH MIX TANKFLASH MIX TANK
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Feed
Impeller
Overflow
FLOCCULATION TANKFLOCCULATION TANK
Lower
RPM
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Clarifier
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Infl
uen
tE
ffluen
t
SludgeRemoval
Clarifier
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Typical Mechanically Mixed Flocculating ClarifierTypical Mechanically Mixed Flocculating Clarifier
Influent
Effluent
Flocculation
Chamber
SlowMixers
CircularBaffle
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PHOSPHORUS REMOVALFOR
LAGOON OPERATORS
DOSAGECALCULATIONS
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BENCH ANALYSISOF A CHEMICAL REMOVAL SYSTEM
(JAR TEST)
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After jar testing has been used to determine best chemical dosage in mg/L, pounds of chemical needed into a given flow or volume can be calculated.
Pounds/day = Conc, mg/L X Flow, MGD X 8.34 lbs/gal
ie) A dosage of 25 mg/L Ferric Chloride is needed. The flow to be treated is 350,000 gallons per day. How many lbs of Ferric Chloride will have to be fed each day?
lbs/D = 25 mg/L X 0.35 MGD X 8.34 lbs/gal
= 73 lbs/D FeCL3
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Given lbs/d of dry chemical to feed, need to calculate the gallons of solution to feed.
Specific Gravity = the number of times heavier or lighter the solution is than water
1 gallon of water weighs 8.34 lbsSpecific gravity of water = 1.000
Specific Gravity
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If a solution has a Specific Gravity of 1.510,then this solution is 1.510 times heavier thanwater.
Specific Gravity
8.34 lbs/gal X 1.510 = 12.59 lbs/gal
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Chemical Handling Chemical Handling
Strength of Concentrated Solutions are usually given as Percent by Weight
In 100 lbs of a 35 % solution there are35 lbs of dry chemical
35 % = 35 lbs dry chem
100 lbs solution35 % = 35 per 100
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If the weight of a gallon of solution is known, the weight of dry chemical in each gallon of the solution can be calculated:
A 40% solution has a specific gravity of 1.43
A. Determine the weight of a gallon of the solution.
8.34 lbs/gallon X 1.43 = 11.93 pounds per gallon liquid
B. Determine the pounds of dry chemical in each gallon.
11.93 pounds X = 4.77 lbs dry chem/ gal40 lbs dry chem100 lbs solution
OR11.93 pounds X = 4.77 lbs dry chem/ gal 0.40
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Feed Rates
If the lbs per day of chemical to be fed is known, and we know the pounds of dry chemical in each gallon of the solution, the gallons per day of solution to be fed can be calculated.
lbs/day dry chem needed lbs dry chem / gal
= gal/day soln to be fed
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ie) 150 lbs per day ferric chloride are to be fed. The solution to be used is 38% with a specific gravity of 1.413. Calculate the gallons of solution to feed each day.
8.34 lbs/gal X 1.413 = 11.78 lbs/gal
0.38 X 11.78 lbs/gal = 4.48 lbs dry chem/gal
150 lbs/d dry chem needed 4.48 lbs dry chem/gal
= 33.5 gal/day
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Pumping Rate Calculations
Given gallons per day of chemical needed, calculate gallons per minute
GalDay
X 1 Day24 Hrs
X 1 Hr60 Min
= GalMin
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Pumping Rate Calculations
Given gallons per day of chemical needed, calculate gallons per minute
GalDay
X 1 Day24 Hrs
X 1 Hr60 Min
= GalMin
mLSec
X 1 Gal 3785 mL
X 60 Sec Min
= GalMin
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Chemical Feed Summary1. Determine lbs/day of dry chemical needed. 2. Determine the weight (lbs/gal) of the soln.
3. Determine weight of dry chem in each gallon.
4. Determine gallons per day to be fed.
5. To Determine pumping rate in gallons/minute:
6. Calibrate the chemical feed pump.
galDay
X 1 Day24 Hrs
X 1 Hr60 Min
= GalMin
mg/L X MGD X 8.34 lbs/gal = lbs/d dry chem
8.34 lbs/gal X Sp.Gr. = lbs/gal (liquid weight)
lbs/gal (liquid wt) X % soln = lbs dry/gallon
Lbs dry needed per day = gal/day to be fed lbs dry/gallon
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Phosphorus Removal Dosage CalculationsExample Problem
Jar testing indicates that a dosage of 23 mg/L of ferric chloride will be needed to provide adequate treatment of a lagoon with a volume of 3.5 MG. The ferric chloride solution has a concentration of 40 % and a specific gravity of 1.430. Calculate the gallons of the ferric chloride solution that should be used.
Calculate the pounds of dry chemical that are needed.
23 mg/L X 3.5 MG X 8.34 lbs/gal = 671.37 lbs
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Phosphorus Removal Dosage CalculationsExample Problem
Jar testing indicates that a dosage of 23 mg/L of ferric chloride will be needed to provide adequate treatment of a lagoon with a volume of 3.5 MG. The ferric chloride solution has a concentration of 40 % and a specific gravity of 1.430. Calculate the gallons of the ferric chloride solution that should be used.
Calculate the pounds of dry ferric chloride in each gallon of the solution.
8.34 lbs/gal X Sp. Grav. X % Solution = lbs dry ferric chloride / gallon of solution
8.34 lbs/gal X 1.430 X 0.40 =
4.77 lbs dry ferric chloride / gallon of solution
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Phosphorus Removal Dosage CalculationsExample Problem
Jar testing indicates that a dosage of 23 mg/L of ferric chloride will be needed to provide adequate treatment of a lagoon with a volume of 3.5 MG. The ferric chloride solution has a concentration of 40 % and a specific gravity of 1.430. Calculate the gallons of the ferric chloride solution that should be used.
Calculate the gallons of ferric chloride solution needed.
671.37 lbs dry ferric chloride needed4.77 lbs dry ferric chloride / gallon solution
= 140.75 gallons of ferric chloride solution needed
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PHOSPHORUS REMOVALFOR
LAGOON OPERATORS