PhonologyPhonology

Rebecca BergeyRebecca Bergey

TRED 256TRED 256

What is the difference?What is the difference?Share your ideas with a partner.Share your ideas with a partner.

Phonetics Phonology

The study of speech sounds.

The study of the way speech sounds form patterns.

PhonemesPhonemes

• The basic form of a soundThe basic form of a sound

• What is sensed or felt in your mindWhat is sensed or felt in your mind

Morphophonemic rulesMorphophonemic rules

• Rules that determine the phonetic Rules that determine the phonetic form plural morpheme and other form plural morpheme and other morphemesmorphemes

AllophoneAllophone

• The sound that describes a phoneme The sound that describes a phoneme

• It may differ according to It may differ according to environmentenvironment

• There may be several allophones for There may be several allophones for the same phonemethe same phoneme

Phonological rulesPhonological rules

• When looking at a phoneme, the When looking at a phoneme, the rules that describe which allophone rules that describe which allophone is used in which environmentis used in which environment

Minimal PairsMinimal Pairs

• Help us to determine the rules for a Help us to determine the rules for a particular phonemeparticular phoneme

• Two words with different meanings that Two words with different meanings that are the same except for one sound that are the same except for one sound that occurs in the same place in each wordoccurs in the same place in each word

• Are like the control sample when doing Are like the control sample when doing a scientific experiment of a hypothesisa scientific experiment of a hypothesis

• Example: cap, cab or cat, matExample: cap, cab or cat, mat

Distinctive featureDistinctive feature

• Something that distinguishes one Something that distinguishes one phoneme from another phoneme and phoneme from another phoneme and therefore creates a different wordtherefore creates a different word

• Ex. Seal vs. ZealEx. Seal vs. Zeal

Non-distinctiveNon-distinctive

• RedundantRedundant

• PredictablePredictable

• Follows a rule for a particular class of Follows a rule for a particular class of soundssounds

Differences in usage across Differences in usage across languages languages

• Different phonological rulesDifferent phonological rules

• Allophones used in different waysAllophones used in different ways

• Phonemes or allophones that do not Phonemes or allophones that do not occur across languagesoccur across languages

How does this work?How does this work?

Input phonemic representation of Input phonemic representation of wordword

phonological rulesphonological rules

Output phonetic representation of Output phonetic representation of wordword

Phonology in the classroomPhonology in the classroom

Some downfalls of the Audio-lingual approach to second language Some downfalls of the Audio-lingual approach to second language instruction:instruction:

• Language is not only speech, but must also include writing.Language is not only speech, but must also include writing.• If second language learners are literate adults, they should not be If second language learners are literate adults, they should not be

taught using only a phonological system.taught using only a phonological system.• Phonology should not be taught isolated from the syntactic system Phonology should not be taught isolated from the syntactic system

of a language.of a language.

Warhaugh, Ronald. (1970) An evaluative comparison of present methods for Warhaugh, Ronald. (1970) An evaluative comparison of present methods for teaching English phonology. teaching English phonology. TESOL Quarterly, TESOL Quarterly, Vol. 4, No. 1.

A web resourceA web resource

http://www.philseflsupport.com/phonology.hthttp://www.philseflsupport.com/phonology.htmm

An overview of phonology and a few web An overview of phonology and a few web based activities for practice.based activities for practice.

Phil’s EFL Support. Retrieved July 19, 2007 from Phil’s EFL Support. Retrieved July 19, 2007 from http://www.http://www.philseflsupportphilseflsupport.com/phonology..com/phonology.htmhtm

Exercise #1Exercise #1

ConsonanConsonantsts

InitialInitial MedialMedial FinalFinal

/k/-/g//k/-/g/

/m/-/n//m/-/n/

/l/-/r//l/-/r/

/b/-/v//b/-/v/

/b/-/m//b/-/m/

/p/-/f//p/-/f/

/s/-/ //s/-/ /

/t /-/d //t /-/d /

/s/-/z//s/-/z/

BibliographyBibliography

Phil’s EFL Support. Retrieved July 19, 2007 from Phil’s EFL Support. Retrieved July 19, 2007 from http://www.philseflsupport.com/phonology.htmhttp://www.philseflsupport.com/phonology.htm

Warhaugh, Ronald. (1970) An evaluative Warhaugh, Ronald. (1970) An evaluative comparison of present methods for teaching comparison of present methods for teaching English phonology. English phonology. TESOL Quarterly, TESOL Quarterly, Vol. 4, No. 1.