ESCUELA: CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN

NOMBRES

ENGLISH PHONOLOGY

FECHA:

Dra: Carmen Benítez C.

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OCTUBRE 2008-FEBRERO 2009

LANGUAGE

SPEECH HABITS

PRONUNCIATION

NATIVE LANGUAGE INTERFERENCE

THE FOREIGN ACCENT

PHONOLOGYBRANCH OF LINGUISTICS

SPEECH SOUNDSPRODUCTION articulationCOMPOSITION formationDISTRIBUTION place in a word

FUNCTION vowel or cons.3

BRANCHES OF PHONOLOGY

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PHONOLOGY

PHONETICSPRODUCTION/ARTICULATION

PHONEMICSDISTRIBUTION/FUNCION

Acousticproperties

Auditoryperception

Articulatoryarticulation

IMPORTANT CONCEPTS

PHONEME: unit of sound different from another one

seat /s//i://t/ sit /s//ɪ/t/

ALLOPHONE: variations same sound

pear captain stop

pʰer kæptən sta:p=

KINDS OF PHONEMESPHONEMES

SEGMENTAL SUPRASEGMENTAL

Vowels/Vocoidsnonfriction, open, continuous

a ɪ æ ^ u ɔ: ʊ

Consonants/Contoidsfriction,short, lack of sonority

ƞ ʃ ʧ ʤ θ І

Pitch (melody)

Stress (force/articulation)

Juncture (transition)

Symbols for vowel phonemes

/ɪ/ as in ‘pit’ pɪt

/e/ as in 'pet' pet

/æ/ as in 'pat' pæt

/ʌ/ as in 'putt' pʌt

/ɒ/ as in 'pot' pɒt

/ʊ/ as in 'put' pʊt

/i:/ as in 'key' ki:

/ɑ:/ as in 'car' kɑ:

/ɔ:/ as in 'core' kɔ:

/u:/ as in 'coo' ku:

/ɜ:/ as in 'cur' kɜ:

/ə/ as in 'about, 'upper' əbaʊt, ʌ pʊ

/eɪ/ as in 'bay' beɪ

/aɪ/ as in 'buy' baɪ

/ɔɪ/ as in 'boy' bɔɪ

/ɪə/ as in 'peer' pɪə

/eə/ as in 'pear' peə

/ʊə/ as in 'poor' pʊə

/əʊ/ as in 'go' gəʊ

/aʊ/ as in 'cow' kaʊ

Symbols for consonant phonems /p/ as in 'pea' pi:

/b/ as in 'bee' bi:

/t/ as in 'toe' təʊ

/d/ as in 'doe' dəʊ

/k/ as in 'cap' kæp

/g/ as in 'gap' gæp

/f/ as in 'fat' fæt

/v/ as in 'vat' væt

/θ/ as in 'thing' θɪŋ

/ð/ as in 'this' ðɪs

/s/ as in 'sip' sɪp

/z/ as in 'zip' zɪp

/ʃ/ as in 'ship' ʃɪp

/ʒ/ as in 'measure' meʒə

/h/ as in 'hat' hæt

/m/ as in 'map' mæp

/n/ as in 'nap' næp

/ŋ/ as in 'hang' hæŋ

/I/ as in 'led' led

/r/ as in 'red' red

/j/ as in 'yet' jet

/w/ as in 'wet' wet /ʤ as in 'gin' ʤɪn

PARTS INVOLVED IN THE RODUCTION OF SPEECH

MOTOR: lungs, trachea, larynx, diaphragm

VIBRATOR: vocal cords

RESONATOR: larynx, pharynx, nose, mouth

ARTICULATORS: lips, tongue, uvula, lower jaw

POINTS OF ARTICULATION: teeth, upper lip, alveolar, hard palate, soft palate, walls of the pharynx, glottis.

THE THREE POSITIONS OF THE VOCAL CORDS

pos. 1 pos. 2 pos. 3

1.Wide apart: normal breathing, VOICELESS

2: Closely together: impede the flow of air.

3: Light contact: VOICED SOUNDS

ARTICULATORS

POINTS OF ARTICULATION

DEFINITION OF CONSONANTS

PHONETICALLY.- made by a closure or narrowing in the vocal tract, the air flow is either completely blocked, or so restricted producing friction.

PHONOLOGICALLY.- margins of syllables, singly/clusters, short, lack of sonority / predominance of friction noise, oral or nasal,

MANNER OF ARTICULATIONdegree or type of obstruction to the air flow

STOPS or PLOSIVESFRICATIVESAFFRICATESNASALSLATERAL,R-SOUNDSSEMICONSONANTS

PLACE OR POINT OF ARTICULATIONplace in the vocal tract

BilabialLabiodental

Dentals or InterdentalAlveolarPalatalVelar

Glottal

DISTRIBUTION OF CONSONANT PHONEMES

Phonetically, DISTRIBUTION refers to the total set of contexts, in which a sound unit can occur according to the word.

water team boat

CONSONANT ALLOPHONES Special phonetic symbols, identify allophonic

differences in the same phoneme.

A small (h) the upper-right side of the consonant symbol, ASPIRATED STOP.

Ex. [tʰ ] as in TEN.

Two parallel hyphens (=) at the lower-right of the consonant symbol, means unreleased stop. Ex. [ p= ] as in ZIP

An (r) with an apostrophe (') in its upper side, represents a voiced intervocalic tap. Ex. [ ŕ ] as in WEDDING.

A slanted line (/) crossing the consonant /l/, means that this is a VELAR LATERAL or DARK- /l/. Ex.:[ ł ] as in ALL.

MINIMAL PAIRS

Sets of monosyllabic words differing in only one sound.

Consonant contrast pet bet

Vowel contrast sit seat

CONSONANT CLUSTERS

CONSONANT CLUSTER two or more consonants together with no vowels in between, at the beginning or end of a word

INITIAL CLUSTERS: beginning bread /br/, stop /st/, clean /kl/, etc. (fifty-two)

FINAL CLUSTERS: word final positionClusters of 2, 3, and 4 consonants can occur at the end

adopts /-pts/, tipped /-pt /, lapsed /-pst/ (170).

INITIAL CLUSTERS: beginning bread /br/, stop /st/, clean /kl/, etc.

(fifty-two)

FINAL CLUSTERS: final positionClusters of 2, 3, and 4 consonants can occur at the end.

adopts /-pts/, tipped /-pt /, lapsed /-pst/ (170)

THANK YOU

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