Phonological Awareness

Phonological Awareness

Involves analyzing the sounds of language and how these sounds make up words and

sentences.

Phonological Awareness A general term which includes phonemic awareness.

Phonological awareness activities include working with rhymes, words, syllables, and onsets and rimes. Phonemic awareness is a part of phonological awareness.

Syllables: word part that contains a vowel

Onsets and rimes: smaller than syllables, but larger than phonemes. The onset is the first part of the syllable containing the consonant or consonant cluster and the rime is the part of the syllable containing the vowel and the letters that follow it.

Onset Rime b ag (bag) tr ap (trap)

Phonemic Awareness

…the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate the individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words.

phonemes: are the smallest parts of sound in a spoken word that make a difference in the word’s meaning.

The word, shop contains 3 phonemes: /sh/ /o/ /p/

Example: bag to rag is a result of changing the first phoneme in the word bag from /b/ to /r/ therefore changing the meaning of the word.

Phonemic Awareness… Can be taught and learned

Helps children learn to read and spell

Can be taught using letters to increase effectiveness

Is most effective when it focuses on only one or two types of phoneme manipulation

More doesn’t always equal better <20 hours per year for a typical

student This translates into around 5-10

minutes a day Different children will require different

amounts of PA instruction

Phonemic Awareness Instruction

Phoneme Blending- listening to separate phonemes and combining them to form a word

What word is /p/ /e/ /n/ ?

Phoneme Segmentation-breaking a word into separate sounds How many sounds are in the word: flag?

Phoneme Deletion-recognizing the word that remains when a phoneme is removed from the word

What is farm without the /f/ ?

Phoneme Substitution-substituting one phoneme for another to make a new word

The word is sip. Change the /p/ to /t/. What is the new word?

Phonemic Awareness

Necessary for students to make meaningful sense of letter-sound correspondences

To make sense of the print, students need to be aware of the phonemes in words

Research shows strong correlation between phonemic awareness and success in reading

Students who lack phonemic awareness have a greater amount of difficulty making sense of concepts involved in word identification

Interventions Phonological Awareness Activities

RhymeAlliterationSentence SegmentationSyllable Segmentation and BlendingOnset/Rime

Phonemic Awareness Activities