Phonics and Word Identification

Ch. 4The Essentials of Teaching

Children to Read: The Teacher Makes the Difference

Letter sound correspondence or graphophonemic knowledge

What is phonics?

Skills children use to pronounce a word in print

Also referred to as word attack skills

Word Identification

Connecting word pronunciation with its meaning

This includes structural analysis, onset and rime (word families)

Dice game Concentration QRI3 Test

Word Recognition

Letters and letter combinations represent speech sounds

This is the first step toward learning to decode words using phonics

Alphabetic Awareness Test Letter / Sound Identification Test

Alphabetic Principle

Speech is made up of individual sounds (phonemes)

Speech sounds are represented by specific letters (graphemes) and letter combinations

Primary-grade Teachers help children learn the following:

CVC pattern –vowel between 2 consonants, usually represents a short vowel sound (ex. Sat, let, win, mop, sun)

Vowel digraphs (CVVC) – 2 vowels come together the first vowel carries the long sound and the second is silent (ex. toad, fleet, day)

VCE (final silent e) pattern – when 2 vowels appear and 1 is a final e the first vowel is usually long and the final e is silent (ex. cape, rope, kite)

CV pattern – consonant followed by a vowel, vowel is usually long (ex. be, go, so)

R – controlled vowels – vowels appear before an r, usually neither long or short but over powered by the “r” (ex. person, player)

Important Phonics Patterns

Consonant blend – also known as a consonant cluster, 2 or more consonants in which you hear both sounds (ex. blue, frost, desk, splash)

Vowel digraphs – 2 vowels together produce one sound (ex. eel, head, oak)

Schwa – the vowel is in an unaccented syllable, sounds kind of like “uh” most names (ex. Debra)

Diphthongs – 2 vowels together in a word produce a single (ex. oil, flower, count)

Other important Phonics Terms

Basic meaning units 2 types: 1. Bound – must be attached to a root word (ex. prefixes and suffixes) 2. Free – can stand alone (ex. dog) Some words can have both bound and free

morphemes (ex. replay)

Morphemes

Phonics activities and group share

PHONEMIC AWARENESS

What is phonemic awareness?

The form of speech not the content of speech Refers to an awareness of sounds in spoken, not written

language Speech is made up of a series of individual sounds that

can be manipulated (phonemes)Students who are phonemically aware can: Rhyme Blend isolated sounds together to form a word Identify the number of sounds heard in a word Segment spoken words into their constituent sounds

Research suggests:

Phonemic awareness can be developed in individuals by experiencing language that encourages active exploration and manipulation of sounds

Researchers have concluded that children who have received training in phonemic awareness are more successful in reading and writing

Phonemic awareness has been shown to be the most powerful predictor of later reading achievement

Research article (packet pp. 79-83)

Components (Strategies) of Phonemic Awareness

Matching sounds to words (beginning / ending sounds) brush, car, doll

Isolate a sound in a word (initial, medial, ending sounds)

Blend individual sounds to form a word /b/, /i/, /g/ big

Substitute sounds in a word (word families) Segment a word into its constituent sounds

(Yopp)

Teaching Phonemic Segmentation

Rubber Band Stretch Stretchy Names Sound Boxes / Markers A Song to Teach Phonemic Segmentation Video – Strengthening Students Phonemic

Awareness

Yopp-Singer Test of Phonemic Segmentation

Have one test sheet for each child in your class.

Assess individually in a quiet place. Keep the assessment playful and game-like. Explain the game to the children exactly as

the directions specify (packet pp. 84-86) Model for the child what he/she needs to do

with each of the practice words. Have them break apart each word with you.

Websites

http://teams.lacoe.edu/documentation/classrooms/patti/k-1/activities.segment.html

http://www.educationnews.org/phonemic_

awareness_what_does_it_.htm http://www.kidsource.com/kidsource/

content2/phonemic.p.k12.4.html http://www.ericfacility.net/

ericdigests/ed400530.html