Incharge: Ms Kanza Umar Khan

LINCOLN CORNER FAISALABAD

Task 1:

• Pronounce the following words:Accessory, accentcat, ceiling, ancientchair, chaos

• Commonly mispronounced words in Pakistan:

Honor, photostat, platform

Why do these asymmetries and veriations occur, is there any better way to understand the pronunciation of such words?

• Another system is devised to understand the pronunciation patterns, which is proved be more appropriate than the actual spellings of a word.

• accessory /əkˈsɛs(ə)ri/• platform /platfɔːm/• cat /kat/

• This system of symbols (phonetic symbols) provide better understandings about the pronunciation and sound patterns of a language

• These were produced by International Phonetic Association (IPA).

• These symbols are standerdized and applicable on more than 3000 languages of the world, all the sounds can be expressed by this system.

America's early attemps has made the spellings (sounds) more easy.

• American spellings more closely relate to the actual sound patterns of words.

BrE Ame

Ageing Aging

Colour Color

Analyse Analyze

Honour Honor

Dialogue Dialog

American Contributions in Linguistics (Phonetics & Phonology)

• The Linguistic Society of America (LSA) was founded in 1924 to advance the scientific study of language. LSA plays a critical role in supporting and disseminating linguistic scholarship both to professional linguists and to the general public.

• Founded in 1977, the American Association for Applied Linguistics (AAAL) is a professional organization of scholars worldwide who are interested in and actively contribute to the multi-disciplinary field of applied linguistics. AAAL members promote principled approaches to language-related concerns, including language education, acquisition and loss, bilingualism, discourse analysis, literacy, rhetoric and stylistics, language for special purposes, psycholinguistics, second and foreign language pedagogy, language assessment, and language policy and planning. Members use a wide variety of theoretical frameworks and methodological approaches to address a broad range of language-related issues that affect individuals and society. The mission of AAAL is to facilitate the advancement and dissemination of knowledge and understanding regarding these language-related issues in order to improve the lives of individuals and conditions in society.

Phonetics:

• The branch of linguistics that deals with the sounds of speech and their production, combination, description, and representation by written symbols.

• The system of sounds of a particular language

Phonology:

• The branch of linguistics concerned with the study of speech sounds with reference to their distribution and patterning.

• Phonetics is the study of speech sounds; whereas Phonology is the study of sound patterns.

• In other words, phonetics is concerned with describing the speech sounds (the physical and articulatory aspects) that occur in a language; phonology focuses on the study of rules and organization of sound units in a language.

Phonetics & its Branches:

• The field of phonetics is a multiple layered subject of linguistics that focuses on speech. In the case of oral languages there are three basic areas of study:

• Articulatory phonetics: the study of the production of speech sounds by the articulatory and vocal tract by the speaker

• Acoustic phonetics: the study of the physical transmission of speech sounds from the speaker to the listener

• Auditory phonetics: the study of the reception and perception of speech sounds by the listener

• Phonetics will help you improve your English accent, your listening skills, and your ability to communicate effectively with others.

• IPA chart uses 44 of the IPA symbols,consists of 12 vowels, 24 consonants, and 8diphthongs

• It will help you to better understand English pronunciation, and will also help you if you need to look up the pronunciation of any English word in a dictionary.

• Take the words “cat” /kæt/ and “key” /ki:/, for instance.

• Both begin with a different consonant letter. “k” is one of those consonants that are always pronounced the same /k/; while “c” is one of the consonants that have no set sound value. Its sound can change depending on the word in which it is found.

• In the case of the word “cat” /kæt/, “c” is also pronounced as /k/, but it is not pronounced the same in the word “chair” /tʃeə(r)/.

• Monophthong e.g. [ u ]

• Diphthong e.g. [ au ] [ u ə]

• Triphthong e.g. [ au ə]