UNIVERSIDAD DE CARABOBO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE EDUCACIÓN

ESCUELA DE EDUCACIÓN DEPARTAMENTO DE IDIOMAS MODERNOS

CÁTEDRA: GRAMATICA Y LINGÜÍSTICA INGLESA ASIGNATURA: LINGÜÍSTICA APLICADA

Articulatory (It studies how sounds are produced) Phonetics Acoustic (It studies how sounds are perceived) Segmentals (Consonants & vowels) Sounds Suprasegmentals (Stress, rhythm, intonation…)

Consonant phonemes:

BILABIAL LABIO-

DENTAL DENTAL ALVEOLAR RETROFLEX ALVEO-

PALATAL PALATAL

VELAR GLOTTAL

STOP

/p/- /b/+

/t/- /d/+

/k/- /g/+

FRICATIVE

/f/- /v/+

/θ/- / /+

/S/- /Z/+

/∫/- /3/+

/h/-

AFFRICATE

/t∫/- /d3/+

LATERAL

/l/+

NASAL /m/+

/n/+

/η/+

APPROXI- MANTS

/w/*+

/r/+

/j/+

*NOTE: labio-velar *Voicing: voiced (+) and voiceless (-)

Phonetic criteria: 1. Point of articulation: bilabial, dental, labiodental, alveolar,

alveo-palatal, palatal, velar, glottal, and uvular. 2. Manner of articulation: plosive, fricative, affricate, nasal,

approximant, laterals and retroflex.

Phoneme: it is the smallest unit of speech which has meaning.

(Consonants and vowels)

The term phonetics refers to the description of speech sound (how they are made, transmitted and

received). While the term phonology refers to the way those sounds are organized into the individual

languages.

Allophone: It is the variation of a sound (phoneme).

3. Voicing: voiced and voiceless.

Vowel phonemes:

Phonetic criteria:

1. Height of tongue: high, mid, and low. 2. Part of the tongue involved: front, central, and back. 3. Position of the lips: rounded and unrounded.

EXERCISES: 1) Identify the sound that does not fit into the string. Explain.

2) Mark the two words that contain a silent consonant. brother listen writer cinema music house know

says book 3) Read the following groups of words, and transcribe them. Then, select which word has a different sound.

look good blood foot ____________________________ dead mean bread head ____________________________ fruit suit juice built ____________________________ sons girls dreams books _____________________________ pen red ten bee _____________________________

4) Transcribe the following sentences, and circle all bilabial and fricative sounds.

A couple of brushes _________________________________ I wish I could see a real witch _________________________________ She is at the store _________________________________ Peter likes drinking Pepsi _________________________________

5) Put a check √ next to the word that have front vowels, and circle the vowel phoneme.

____talk ____dollar ____wonder

____keep ____dream ____October

____already ____before

Speech sounds

m p b θ

t n s f

t∫ ∫ d d3 u: ә i: e

6) Describe the following phonemes. /e/_______________________________ /η/_______________________________ /∫/________________________________ /ә/________________________________ /i:/________________________________ /u:/________________________________

/d/________________________________ /t/________________________________ /p/_______________________________ /w/_______________________________ /g/_______________________________

7) Choose the corresponding phoneme for the following criteria. Bilabial, stop, voiceless______ High, back, rounded______ Lateral, alveolar______ Nasal, velar, voiced______

low, central, unrounded______ Fricative, alveolar, voiceless_______ Approximants, palatal_______ back, mid, rounded_______

8) Circle and correct the errors in the following transcribed sentences.

It is a lost cause __________________________________ It is all right __________________________________ I’ve been in The USA for two years __________________________________ I cooked onions for lunch __________________________________ The prince of Persia __________________________________

9) Decode the following message.

Phonemic symbols represent the sounds of the English language.

__________________________________________________________________________ Using them can be a valuable tool

__________________________________________________ to improving your students' pronunciation.

_________________________________________________________ 10) Describe the following phonemes (consonants & vowels). p m b v k g r u f s z t∫ e i: w l ∫ n m θ