Phoenician billbug Sphenophorus phoeniciensis. Bermudagrass fairway Symptoms first appear during...
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Transcript of Phoenician billbug Sphenophorus phoeniciensis. Bermudagrass fairway Symptoms first appear during...
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Phoenician billbugSphenophorus phoeniciensis
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Bermudagrass fairwaySymptoms first appear during spring greenup
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Billbug damage to kikuyugrass
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Damage on stems and stolons
kikuyugrass
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kikuyugrass
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kikuyugrass
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Phoenician billbugs in California
• Causing more damage than previously thought on kikuyu and bermudagrass fairways, sod
• 1st Symptoms during spring green-up, in stressed areas
• Multiple generations: year-round?
• Symptoms mimic dollar spot, spring dead spot, delayed green-up, drought stress
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TriggerLas
VegasBakers-
fieldSan
Diego
Billbugs Greenup 4/1 4/15 6/1
BTA 2-4 wks after 65F
5/1-5/15 5/15-5/30 6/1-6/15
Chafers July 7/1 7/1 7/1
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Soil moisture andwhite grub management
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Soil moisture sampling: TDR 300 soil moisture meter & Trimble Ag GPS 132
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Soil moisture determined in 95 areas that showed signs grub damage
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After testing for soil moisture, sampling for grubs occurred
Pasadena masked chafer, Cyclocephala pasadenae
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Higher soil moistures favored the presence of chafer grubs
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Higher soil moistures favored the presence of chafer grubs
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1.6% chaferdamage
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Role of irrigation distribution and soil moisture in chafer damage
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3 in/hr
4 in/hr
5 in/hr
6 in/hr
Lack of irrigation uniformity is a given
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3 in/hr
4 in/hr
5 in/hr
6 in/hr
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3 in/hr
4 in/hr
5 in/hr
6 in/hr
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3 in/hr
4 in/hr
5 in/hr
6 in/hr
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3 in/hr
4 in/hr
5 in/hr
6 in/hr
GrubArea damage
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GPS Mapping Data
Precip in/hr
Areasq ft
%Area
Damagesq ft
% damagedarea
3 2,484 33.7 11.0 0.4
4 3,287 44.6 50.8 1.5
5 1,464 19.9 53.8 3.7
6 136 1.8 1.0 0.7
Total 7,371 116.6 1.6
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Use maps and sensors to:
• Identify, illustrate, quantify complex problems
• Scout high risk wet areas first– Irrigated by multiple heads– Low spots– Poorly drained spots
• Spot treat with more precision• Track progress• Identify and fix wet areas
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The future: passive data acquisition
Equipment:
• Geonics EM38 sensor (soil moisture)
• NTech NDVI sensors (turf quality)
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NDVI sensors for turf quality
• LED light sources
• Modulated a high frequencies
• Allows sensors to ignore ambient light
• NIR 770 nmRed 656 nmGreen 525 nm
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Soil moisture, Fairway 9
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Altitude variations, Fairway 9
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Turf quality, Fairway 9
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www.paceturf.org
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Dealing with year-round grubs
• Split application of Merit (4.3 oz/A), 2 – 3 months apart
• Split application of Allectus (4.5 pint/A) 2 – 3 months apart
• Spring application of Merit at higher rate (6.4 oz/A) followed by a different systemic only if needed
Problem: Allectus, Merit and Mach 2 have yearly application limits