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Pharmacology-1 PHL 313

First LectureBy

Abdelkader Ashour, Ph.D.

Phone: 4677212 Email: aeashour@ksu.edu.sa

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B. Basic concepts in Pharmacology- Drug-Body Interactions

- Drug Receptors- Drug Receptor Interactions

Overview

A. Introduction

- Pharmacology, Scope & link to other biomedical principles

- Definitions

- Drug Nomenclature

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Pharmacology,Scope &link to other biomedical principles

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Receptor

A specific protein in either the plasma membrane or interior of a target

cell with which the drug combines

Pharmacology,Definitions Pharmacology

The study of substances that interact with living systems through chemical

processes, especially by binding to regulatory molecules (receptors) and

activating or inhibiting normal body processes

Drug

a chemical substance of known structure, other than a nutrient or an

essential dietary ingredient, which, when administered to a living organism,produces a biological effect

Dose

The amount of a drug to be administered at one time

Mechanism of Action

How the drug exerts its action

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Indications

The reasons for administering a medication or performing a treatment

Contra-indications

Factors that prevent the use of a medication or treatment (e.g., allergies)

Pharmacology,Definitions

Effects (therapeutic effects)

The desired results of

administration of a medication

Side Effects (adverse effects)

Effects that are harmful and

undesired, and that occur in

addition to the desired therapeutic

effects

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Brand or trade name (proprietary)is developed by the company requestingapproval for the drug and identifies it as the exclusive property of that company.

Example 1:Metrogyl is the trade name formetronidazole.

Example 2:Reglan is the trade name formetoclopramide.

Example 3:Amoxil is the trade name foramoxycillin.

Example 4:Celebrex is the trade name forcelecoxib.

Drug Nomenclature

Chemical namerepresents the exact description of the drugs chemicalcomposition

Example 1:the chemical name 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-l-ethanol is condensed

to the generic name metronidazole. The word methylnitro is condensed to

metroni and dazole is due to its imidazole ring

Example 2:Metoclopramide is the condensed form of the word

methoxychloroprocainamide: where Me is retained and th is written as t; chloro

is written as clo: and procainamide is written as pramide

Generic name (non-proprietary)- derived from the chemical name itself

- simpler than the chemical name and

- easier to remember